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Hajigholamreza H, Sharifzadeh A, Hassan J, Shokri H, Akbaripazouki A, Pakbin B, Tamai IA. Influence of menthol on biofilm formation, ergosterol content, and cell surface hydrophobicity of Candida glabrata. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad065. [PMID: 37429611 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to synthetic antifungals has become one of the leading public health challenges around the world. Accordingly, novel antifungal products like naturally occurring molecules can be one of the potential ways to reach efficient curative approaches to control candidiasis. This work evaluated the effect of menthol on cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), biofilm formation, growth, and ergosterol content of Candida glabrata, a yeast with a high resistance against antifungal agents. Disc diffusion method (susceptibility to synthetic antifungals), broth micro-dilution method (Susceptibility to menthol), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction assay (biofilm formation), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique (ergosterol content), and adherence to n-hexadecane (CSH) were employed to determine the influence of menthol against C. glabrata isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of menthol versus C. glabrata was 1250-5000 µg/mL (mean ± SD: 3375 ± 1375 µg/mL). The mean rate of C. glabrata biofilm formation was decreased up to 97.67%, 81.15%, 71.21%, 63.72%, 47.53%, 26.31%, and 0.051% at 625, 1250, 2500, 5000, 10 000, 20 000, and 40 000 µg/mL concentrations, respectively. The percentages of CSH were significant in groups treated with MIC/2 (17.51 ± 5.52%) and MIC/4 (26 ± 5.87%) concentrations of menthol. Also, the percentage changes in membrane ergosterol were 15.97%, 45.34%, and 73.40% at 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL concentrations of menthol, respectively, in comparison with untreated control. The results showed the menthol impact versus sessile and planktonic C. glabrata cells, and the interference with ergosterol content, CSH, and biofilm formation, which made it a potent natural antifungal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hajigholamreza
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Aghil Sharifzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Jalal Hassan
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Comparative Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Shokri
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol 4615664616, Iran
| | - Ali Akbaripazouki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Babak Pakbin
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenberg Str. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, Sion 2 1950, Switzerland
| | - Iradj Ashrafi Tamai
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
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Zapata-Zapata C, Loaiza-Oliva M, Martínez-Pabón MC, Stashenko EE, Mesa-Arango AC. In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils Distilled from Colombian Plants against Candidaauris and Other Candida Species with Different Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206837. [PMID: 36296428 PMCID: PMC9606955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant species such as Candida auris are a global health threat. This scenario has highlighted the need to search for antifungal alternatives. Essential oils (EOs), or some of their major compounds, could be a source of new antifungal molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of EOs and some terpenes against C. auris and other Candida spp. The eleven EOs evaluated were obtained by hydro-distillation from different Colombian plants and the terpenes were purchased. EO chemical compositions were obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antifungal activity was evaluated following the CLSI standard M27, 4th Edition. Cytotoxicity was tested on the HaCaT cell line and fungal growth kinetics were tested by time–kill assays. Candida spp. showed different susceptibility to antifungals and the activity of EOs and terpenes was strain-dependent. The Lippia origanoides (thymol + p-cymene) chemotype EO, thymol, carvacrol, and limonene were the most active, mainly against drug-resistant strains. The most active EOs and terpenes were also slightly cytotoxic on the HaCaT cells. The findings of this study suggest that some EOs and commercial terpenes can be a source for the development of new anti-Candida products and aid the identification of new antifungal targets or action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Zapata-Zapata
- Grupo de Investigación Dermatológica, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Manuela Loaiza-Oliva
- Grupo de Investigación en Patología Oral, Periodoncia y Cirugía Alveólo-Dentaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - María C. Martínez-Pabón
- Grupo de Investigación en Patología Oral, Periodoncia y Cirugía Alveólo-Dentaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- CROM-MASS-CENIVAM-Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68002, Colombia
| | - Ana C. Mesa-Arango
- Grupo de Investigación Dermatológica, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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Cid-Chevecich C, Müller-Sepúlveda A, Jara JA, López-Muñoz R, Santander R, Budini M, Escobar A, Quijada R, Criollo A, Díaz-Dosque M, Molina-Berríos A. Origanum vulgare L. essential oil inhibits virulence patterns of Candida spp. and potentiates the effects of fluconazole and nystatin in vitro. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:39. [PMID: 35139827 PMCID: PMC8827202 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrence and resistance of Candida spp. infections is associated with the ability of these microorganisms to present several virulence patterns such as morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation. In the search for agents with antivirulence activity, essential oils could represent a strategy to act against biofilms and to potentiate antifungal drugs. Objective To evaluate the antivirulence effect of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (O-EO) against Candida spp. and to potentiate the effect of fluconazole and nystatin. Methods The effect of O-EO was evaluated on ATCC reference strains of C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined through broth microdilution assay. Adhesion to microplates was determined by crystal violet (CV) assay. An adapted scratch assay in 24-well was used to determine the effect of essential oil on biofilms proliferation. Viability of biofilms was evaluated by MTT reduction assay and through a checkerboard assay we determined if O-EO could act synergistically with fluconazole and nystatin. Results MIC for C. albicans ATCC-90029 and ATCC-10231 was 0.01 mg/L and 0.97 mg/L, respectively. For non-albicans Candida strains MIC values were 2.6 mg/L for C. dubliniensis ATCC-CD36 and 5.3 mg/L for C. krusei ATCC-6258. By using these concentrations, O-EO inhibited morphogenesis, adhesion, and proliferation at least by 50% for the strains assayed. In formed biofilms O-EO decreased viability in ATCC 90029 and ATCC 10231 strains (IC50 7.4 and 2.8 mg/L respectively). Finally, we show that O-EO interacted synergistically with fluconazole and nystatin. Conclusions This study demonstrate that O-EO could be considered to improve the antifungal treatment against Candida spp. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03518-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cid-Chevecich
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Müller-Sepúlveda
- Institute of Agrifood, Animals and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - José Antonio Jara
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo López-Muñoz
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rocío Santander
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Escobar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Quijada
- Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Díaz-Dosque
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alfredo Molina-Berríos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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