A Method of Three-Dimensional Micro-Rotational Flow Generation for Biological Applications

We report a convenient method to create a three-dimensional micro-rotational fluidic platform for biological applications in the direction of a vertical plane (out-of-plane) without contact in an open space. Unlike our previous complex fluidic manipulation system, this method uses a micro-rotational flow generated near a single orifice when the solution is pushed from the orifice by using a single pump. The three-dimensional fluidic platform shows good potential for fluidic biological applications such as culturing, stimulating, sorting, and manipulating cells. The pattern and velocity of the micro-rotational flow can be controlled by tuning the parameters such as the flow rate and the liquid-air interface height. We found that bio-objects captured by the micro-rotational flow showed self-rotational motion and orbital motion. Furthermore, the path length and position, velocity, and pattern of the orbital motion of the bio-object could be controlled. To demonstrate our method, we used embryoid body cells. As a result, the orbital motion had a maximum length of 2.4 mm, a maximum acceleration of 0.63 m/s², a frequency of approximately 0.45 Hz, a maximum velocity of 15.4 mm/s, and a maximum rotation speed of 600 rpm. The capability to have bio-objects rotate or move orbitally in three dimensions without contact opens up new research opportunities in three-dimensional microfluidic technology.