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Cardiovascular Involvement in Pediatric FLNC Variants: A Case Series of Fourteen Patients. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9100332. [PMID: 36286284 PMCID: PMC9604120 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin C is a protein specifically expressed in myocytes and cardiomyocytes and is involved in several biological functions, including sarcomere contractile activity, signaling, cellular adhesion, and repair. FLNC variants are associated with different disorders ranging from striated muscle (myofibrillar distal or proximal) myopathy to cardiomyopathies (CMPs) (restrictive, hypertrophic, and dilated), or both. The outcome depends on functional consequences of the detected variants, which result either in FLNC haploinsufficiency or in an aberrant protein, the latter affecting sarcomere structure leading to protein aggregates. Cardiac manifestations of filaminopathies are most often described as adult onset CMPs and limited reports are available in children or on other cardiac spectrums (congenital heart defects-CHDs, or arrhythmias). Here we report on 13 variants in 14 children (2.8%) out of 500 pediatric patients with early-onset different cardiac features ranging from CMP to arrhythmias and CHDs. In one patient, we identified a deletion encompassing FLNC detected by microarray, which was overlooked by next generation sequencing. We established a potential genotype-phenotype correlation of the p.Ala1186Val variant in severe and early-onset restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) associated with a limb-girdle defect (two new patients in addition to the five reported in the literature). Moreover, in three patients (21%), we identified a relatively frequent finding of long QT syndrome (LQTS) associated with RCM (n = 2) and a hypertrabeculated left ventricle (n = 1). RCM and LQTS in children might represent a specific red flag for FLNC variants. Further studies are warranted in pediatric cohorts to delineate potential expanding phenotypes related to FLNC.
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Du Y, Li X, Yan W, Zeng Z, Han D, Ouyang H, Pan X, Luo B, Zhou B, Fu Q, Lu D, Huang Z, Li Z. Deciphering the in vivo Dynamic Proteomics of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Critical Limb Ischemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682476. [PMID: 34277623 PMCID: PMC8278824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Regenerative therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is a promising therapeutic method for critical limb ischemia (CLI). To understand how the cells are involved in the regenerative process of limb ischemia locally, we proposed a metabolic protein labeling method to label cell proteomes in situ and then decipher the proteome dynamics of MSCs in ischemic hind limb. Methods and Results In this study, we overexpressed mutant methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS), which could utilize azidonorleucine (ANL) instead of methionine (Met) during protein synthesis in MSCs. Fluorescent non-canonical amino-acid tagging (FUNCAT) was performed to detect the utilization of ANL in mutant MSCs. Mice with hindlimb ischemia (HLI) or Sham surgery were treated with MetRSmut MSCs or PBS, followed by i.p. administration of ANL at days 0, 2 6, and 13 after surgery. FUNCAT was also performed in hindlimb tissue sections to demonstrate the incorporation of ANL in transplanted cells in situ. At days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after the surgery, laser doppler imaging were performed to detect the blood reperfusion of ischemic limbs. Ischemic tissues were also collected at these four time points for histological analysis including HE staining and vessel staining, and processed for click reaction based protein enrichment followed by mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis. The MetRSmut MSCs showed strong green signal in cell culture and in HLI muscles as well, indicating efficient incorporation of ANL in nascent protein synthesis. By 14 days post-treatment, MSCs significantly increased blood reperfusion and vessel density, while reducing inflammation in HLI model compared to PBS. Proteins enriched by click reaction were distinctive in the HLI group vs. the Sham group. 34, 31, 49, and 26 proteins were significantly up-regulated whereas 28, 32, 62, and 27 proteins were significantly down-regulated in HLI vs. Sham at days 1, 3, 7, and 14, respectively. The differentially expressed proteins were more pronounced in the pathways of apoptosis and energy metabolism. Conclusion In conclusion, mutant MetRS allows efficient and specific identification of dynamic cell proteomics in situ, which reflect the functions and adaptive changes of MSCs that may be leveraged to understand and improve stem cell therapy in critical limb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Du
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenying Yan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Center for Systems Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhaohua Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dunzheng Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiudi Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bihui Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bohua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Pinghu Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongfeng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Pinghu Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Xin JW, Chai ZX, Zhang CF, Yang YM, Zhang Q, Zhu Y, Cao HW, YangJi C, Zhong JC, Ji QM. Comparative Analysis of Skeleton Muscle Proteome Profile between Yak and Cattle Provides Insight into High-Altitude Adaptation. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164617666200127151931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Mechanisms underlying yak adaptation to high-altitude environments have
been investigated at the levels of morphology, anatomy, physiology, genome and transcriptome, but
have not been explored at the proteome level.
Objective:
The protein profiles were compared between yak and cattle to explore molecular mechanisms
underlying yak adaptation to high altitude conditions.
Methods:
In the present study, an antibody microarray chip was developed, which included 6,500
mouse monoclonal antibodies. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were performed on 12
selected antibodies which showed that the chip was highly specific. Using this chip, muscle tissue proteome
was compared between yak and cattle, and 12 significantly Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs)
between yak and cattle were identified. Their expression levels were validated using Western blot.
Results:
ompared with cattle, higher levels of Rieske Iron-Sulfur Protein (RISP), Cytochrome C oxidase
subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial (COX4I1), ATP synthase F1 subunit beta (ATP5F1B), Sarcoplasmic/
Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase1 (SERCA1) and Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase1
(AMPD1) in yak might improve oxygen utilization and energy metabolism. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
protein X component (PDHX) and Acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase
complex (DLAT) showed higher expression levels and L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain (LDHA)
showed lower expression level in yak, which might help yak reduce the accumulation of lactic acid. In
addition, higher expression levels of Filamin C (FLNC) and low levels of AHNAK and Four and a half
LIM domains 1 (FHL1) in yak might reduce the risks of pulmonary arteries vasoconstriction, remodeling
and hypertension.
Conclusion:
Overall, the present study reported the differences in protein profile between yak and cattle,
which might be helpful to further understand molecular mechanisms underlying yak adaptation to
high altitude environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Yu-Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Han-Wen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Cidan YangJi
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu-Mei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
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Qin X, Li P, Qu HQ, Liu Y, Xia Y, Chen S, Yang Y, Huang S, Wen P, Zhou X, Li X, Wang Y, Tian L, Hakonarson H, Wu Y, Zhuang J. FLNC and MYLK2 Gene Mutations in a Chinese Family with Different Phenotypes of Cardiomyopathy. Int Heart J 2021; 62:127-134. [PMID: 33455984 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the sarcomeric protein filamin C (FLNC) gene have been linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), as they have been determined to increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death. Thus, in this study, we identified a novel missense mutation of FLNC in a Chinese family with HCM, and, interestingly, a second novel truncating mutation of MYLK2 was discobered in one family member with different phenotype.We performed whole-exome sequencing in a Chinese family with HCM of unknown cause. To determine and confirm the function of a novel mutation of FLNC, we introduced the mutant and wild-type gene into AC16 cells (human cardiomyocytes): we then used western blotting to analyze the expression of FLNC in subcellular fractions, and confocal microscope to observe the subcellular distribution of the protein.As per our findings, we were able to identify a novel missense single nucleotide variant (FLNC c.G5935A [p.A1979T]) in the family, which segregates with the disease. FLNC expression levels were observed to be equivalent in both wild-type and p.A1979T cardiomyocytes. However, the expression of the mutant protein has resulted in cytoplasmic protein aggregations, in contrast to wild-type FLNC, which was distributed in the cytoplasm and did not form aggregates. Unexpectedly, a second truncating mutation, NM_033118:exon8:c.G1138T:p.E380X of the MYLK2 gene, was identified in the mother of the proband with dilated cardiomyopathy, which was not found in other subjects.We then identified the FLNC A1979T mutation as a novel pathogenic variant associated with HCM in a Chinese family as well as a second causal mutation in a family member with a distinct phenotype. The possibility that there is more than one causal mutation in cardiomyopathy warrants clinical attention, especially for patients with atypical clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyu Qin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Ping Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Yichuan Liu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Yu Xia
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Shaoxian Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yongchao Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Shufang Huang
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Pengju Wen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Xianwu Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.,Department of Pediatrics and Division of Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Yueheng Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
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Structure and Function of Filamin C in the Muscle Z-Disc. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082696. [PMID: 32295012 PMCID: PMC7216277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin C (FLNC) is one of three filamin proteins (Filamin A (FLNA), Filamin B (FLNB), and FLNC) that cross-link actin filaments and interact with numerous binding partners. FLNC consists of a N-terminal actin-binding domain followed by 24 immunoglobulin-like repeats with two intervening calpain-sensitive hinges separating R15 and R16 (hinge 1) and R23 and R24 (hinge-2). The FLNC subunit is dimerized through R24 and calpain cleaves off the dimerization domain to regulate mobility of the FLNC subunit. FLNC is localized in the Z-disc due to the unique insertion of 82 amino acid residues in repeat 20 and necessary for normal Z-disc formation that connect sarcomeres. Since phosphorylation of FLNC by PKC diminishes the calpain sensitivity, assembly, and disassembly of the Z-disc may be regulated by phosphorylation of FLNC. Mutations of FLNC result in cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness. Although this review will focus on the current understanding of FLNC structure and functions in muscle, we will also discuss other filamins because they share high sequence similarity and are better characterized. We will also discuss a possible role of FLNC as a mechanosensor during muscle contraction.
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Yang X, Shi Y, Zhang L, Liu H, Shao Y, Zhang S. Overexpression of filamin c in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a potential cardioprotective target for obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2018; 23:493-502. [PMID: 30194514 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-018-1712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is key pathological mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which induced cardiac dysfunction. Filamin c (FLNC) is a muscle-restricted isoform and predominantly expressed in muscle tissue. In this study, we utilized a recently developed CIH rat model to mimic OSA, investigated the expression of FLNC in cardiomyocytes, and examined the correlations of FLNC with active caspase-3 to ascertain whether FLNC regulates the survival of cardiomyocytes. METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normoxia and CIH groups. All rats were exposed either to normoxia or CIH 8 h daily for 6 weeks. Echocardiogram and HE staining were used to examine cardiac pathology, structure, and function. Body weight, heart weight, and blood gas values were recorded, respectively. The FLNC, Bax, Bcl-2, BNIP 3, and active caspase-3 proteins were detected by western blot; FLNC was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Association of FLNC with cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS CIH induced cardiac injuries and caused arterial blood gas disorder. FLNC significantly increased in CIH-induced cardiomyocytes than that in normoxia tissues. Pro-apoptotic BNIP 3 and Bax proteins were significantly increased in CIH, whereas anti-apoptotic member Bcl-2 was decreased. Active caspase-3, a universal marker of apoptosis, was significantly increased in CIH group. Co-localizations of FLNC and active caspase-3 were observed in CIH group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested FLNC is implicated in the pathogenesis of CIH-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and FLNC may serve as a novel cardioprotective target for OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfei Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Mangum KD, Ferns SJ. A novel familial truncating mutation in the filamin C gene associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:282-285. [PMID: 30118858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The authors report for the first time a novel mutation in the FLNC gene associated with cardiac arrhythmias in two half-siblings. The FLNC gene on chromosome 7q32 encodes filamin C, which stabilizes the actin network within the cardiomyocyte. The proband is an 8-year-old asymptomatic patient with frequent premature ventricular contractions noted on serial monitoring. Interestingly, the proband and his half-brother harbored a heterozygous 13 base pair deletion that resulted in a frameshift mutation and introduction of a premature stop codon. Notably, the proband also had a very tragic family history of sudden death in young individuals involving three generations and five family members. Because of their concerning family history and arrhythmias, both siblings underwent off-label implantable cardiac device placement for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Whether or not the FLNC mutation is associated with sudden cardiac death requires additional investigation and is beyond the scope of this manuscript. While previous studies have identified several mutations in the FLNC gene associated with dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, the goal of this study was to report a novel mutation in the FLNC gene that is associated with cardiac arrhythmias. The current study indicates that this mutation may help identify patients at risk for cardiac arrhythmias who would benefit from further cardiac evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Mangum
- University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Sunita J Ferns
- University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; UNC Department of Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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