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Mortas M, Awad N, Ayvaz H. Adulteration detection technologies used for halal/kosher food products: an overview. DISCOVER FOOD 2022. [PMCID: PMC9020560 DOI: 10.1007/s44187-022-00015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the Islamic and Jewish religions, there are various restrictions that should be followed in order for food products to be acceptable. Some food items like pork or dog meat are banned to be consumed by the followers of the mentioned religions. However, illegally, some food producers in various countries use either the meat or the fat of the banned animals during food production without being mentioned in the label on the final products, and this considers as food adulteration. Nowadays, halal or kosher labeled food products have a high economic value, therefore deceiving the consumers by producing adulterated food is an illegal business that could make large gains. On the other hand, there is an insistent need from the consumers for getting reliable products that comply with their conditions. One of the main challenges is that the detection of food adulteration and the presence of any of the banned ingredients is usually unnoticeable and cannot be determined by the naked eye. As a result, scientists strove to develop very sensitive and precise analytical techniques. The most widely utilized techniques for the detection and determination of halal/kosher food adulterations can be listed as High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Capillary Electrophoresis (CE), Gas Chromatography (GC), Electronic Nose (EN), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Enzyme-linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Near-infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy, Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Fluorescent Light Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy (RS). All of the above-mentioned techniques were evaluated in terms of their detection capabilities, equipment and analysis costs, accuracy, mobility, and needed sample volume. As a result, the main purposes of the present review are to identify the most often used detection approaches and to get a better knowledge of the existing halal/kosher detection methods from a literature perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Mortas
- Department Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55139 Turkey
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Food Science and Technology Building, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Nour Awad
- Department Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55139 Turkey
| | - Huseyin Ayvaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Food Science and Technology Building, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17100 Turkey
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Wu F, Zhuang P, Zhan C, Shen X, Jiao J, Zhang Y. Egg and Dietary Cholesterol Consumption and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome: Findings from a Population-Based Nationwide Cohort. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:758-770.e5. [PMID: 34506988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the Chinese Dietary Guidelines (2016) removed restrictions on dietary cholesterol intake, evidence of egg and dietary cholesterol intake and cardiometabolic diseases is inconsistent. Associations between egg and cholesterol consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in non-Western populations are still poorly documented. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess egg and dietary cholesterol intake in relation to the prevalence of MetS among participants in a Chinese nationwide study. DESIGN This cross-sectional study used data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991-2009). PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The sample consisted of 8,241 healthy Chinese adults (20 years and older). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES MetS cases were defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Cumulative means of egg and cholesterol consumption were calculated in accordance with 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls in each examination cycle. Logistic regression models were conducted to assess the associations with prevalent MetS. RESULTS Overall, 2,580 (31.3%) participants were identified as MetS cases in 2009. After multivariate adjustment, total egg consumption (>1 egg/d) was associated with 20% higher odds of MetS (odds ratio [OR] 1.20, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.37; P trend = .001) compared with consumption of ≤1/2 egg/d. Examining cooking methods, a positive association was observed between fried egg consumption and MetS odds (OR comparing the highest category [>1/2 egg/d] with the lowest category [≤1/7 egg/d] 1.22, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.39; P trend = .001), and nonfried egg intake was not associated with MetS odds (P trend = .08). Total dietary intake and egg-sourced cholesterol intake were both positively correlated with MetS odds (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.53; P trend = .005) comparing the highest consumption (>371 mg · 2,000 kcal-1 · d-1) with the lowest consumption (≤132 mg · 2,000 kcal-1 · d-1) for total dietary cholesterol (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.58; P trend < .001) and comparing the highest consumption (>232 mg · 2,000 kcal-1 · d-1) with the lowest consumption (≤46 mg · 2,000 kcal-1 · d-1) for egg-sourced cholesterol; similar associations were not observed for non-egg-sourced cholesterol consumption (P trend = .83). Substituting eggs and fried eggs for other protein sources, including low-fat and whole-fat dairy products; nuts and legumes; total red meat; processed meat; poultry meat; or seafood, was still associated with higher odds of MetS. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of >1 egg/d and >1/2 fried egg/d was associated with a higher prevalence of MetS than consumption of ≤1/2 egg/d and ≤1/7 fried egg/d. Future longitudinal cohort studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to further investigate the relationship between egg consumption and MetS and explore possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuchu Zhan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Ding J, Zhang Y. Relationship between Egg Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:373-382. [PMID: 35450994 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aims: To explore the association between egg consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the adult population. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science and Embase electronic databases were searched up to December 2021 for observational studies on the association between egg consumption and MetS in the adult population. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest versus lowest category of egg consumption, and the standard mean difference (SMD) of egg consumption for MetS versus control subjects were calculated. Egg consumption was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the 24-hour recall method. The criteria for MetS were National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Joint Interim Statement (JIS) and American Heart Association (AHA). RESULTS A total of 19 articles with 20 observational studies (331667 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. The overall multivariable adjusted RR (18 studies included) demonstrated that higher egg consumption was associated with a lower probability of having MetS (RR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.88 to 0.96; P<0.001). Subgroup analysis confirmed these findings in cross-sectional studies (RR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.88 to 0.95; P<0.001), studies that used the NCEP ATP III criteria (RR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.89 to 0.99; P=0.02), Asia (RR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.99; P=0.02), studies with samples sizes >5000 (RR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.96; P<0.001), studies that adjusted body mass index (BMI) (RR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.95; P<0.001) and energy intake (RR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.94; P<0.001) and high-quality studies (RR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.88 to 0.95; P<0.001). Moreover, the overall combined SMD (5 studies included) showed that the level of egg consumption in subjects with MetS was also lower than that in control subjects. (SMD=-0.22, 95% CI: -0.25 to -0.20; P<0.001). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that this finding only existed in studies with samples sizes >5000 (SMD=-0.21, 95% CI: -0.29 to -0.12; P<0.001) and high-quality studies (SMD=-0.23, 95% CI: -0.26 to -0.20; P<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that higher egg consumption is associated with a lower probability of having MetS in the adult population. However, due to the limited evidence, more global well-designed prospective cohort studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ding
- Dr. Yi Zhang, Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China, 410008;
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Sanlier N, Üstün D. Egg consumption and health effects: A narrative review. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4250-4261. [PMID: 34472102 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was planned and conducted to investigate the effects of egg consumption on metabolic syndrome components and potential mechanisms of action on humans. Egg, an important source of animal protein, is defined as a functional food containing various bioactive compounds that can affect the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. As a matter of fact, the egg can show immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, or antihypertensive effects with its bioactive components. It is claimed that egg consumption may protect individuals against metabolic syndrome by increasing HDL-C levels and reducing inflammation. The increase in egg consumption creates the perception that it may lead to cardiovascular diseases due to its cholesterol content. However, there is insufficient evidence as to whether dietary cholesterol-lowers LDL-C. The possible potential mechanisms of egg impact on human health, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and selected websites including) and databases were examined in this regard. With a view to delving into the rather mysterious relationship between egg cholesterol and blood cholesterol, it is necessary to understand the absorption of cholesterol from the egg and to know the functioning of the intestinal microbiota. Studies conducted to date have generally yielded inconsistent results regarding egg consumption and risks of CVD, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Üstün
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bhat ZF, Morton JD, Bekhit AEDA, Kumar S, Bhat HF. Effect of processing technologies on the digestibility of egg proteins. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4703-4738. [PMID: 34355496 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Egg and egg products are a rich source of highly bioavailable animal proteins. Several processing technologies can affect the structural and functional properties of these proteins differently and can influence their fate inside the gastrointestinal tract. The present review examines some of the processing technologies for improving egg protein digestibility and discusses how different processing conditions affect the digestibility of egg proteins under gastrointestinal digestion environments. To provide up-to-date information, most of the studies included in this review have been published in the last 5 years on different aspects of egg protein digestibility. Digestibility of egg proteins can be improved by employing some processing technologies that are able to improve the susceptibility of egg proteins to gastrointestinal proteases. Processing technologies, such as pulsed electric field, high-pressure, and ultrasound, can induce conformational and microstructural changes that lead to unfolding of the polypeptides and expose active sites for further interactions. These changes can enhance the accessibility of digestive proteases to cleavage sites. Some of these technologies may inactivate some egg proteins that are enzyme inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors. The underlying mechanisms of how different technologies mediate the egg protein digestibility have been discussed in detail. The proteolysis patterns and digestibility of the processed egg proteins are not always predictable and depends on the processing conditions. Empirical input is required to tailor the optimization of processing conditions for favorable effects on protein digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhaib F Bhat
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, SKUAST of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - James D Morton
- Department of Wine Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, SKUAST of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hina F Bhat
- Division of Biotechnology, SKUAST of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Kim HS, Lee SY, Hur SJ. Changes of various insecticides during in vitro human digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14207-14215. [PMID: 32043247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effects of in vitro human digestion on the concentrations of five insecticides, namely 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), bifenthrin, and fipronil. In vitro models included all the steps of human digestion, i.e., passage through the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (with enteric bacteria). The concentrations of DDT and fipronil did not change (P > 0.05) until small intestinal digestion, whereas those of DDD, DDE, and bifenthrin decreased (P < 0.05) at each digestion step. The concentrations of all the insecticides decreased (P < 0.05) during the large intestinal digestion step with enteric bacteria, Lactobacillus sakei and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, the concentrations of all the tested insecticides decreased during all the steps of in vitro human digestion and were especially reduced by enteric bacteria during the large intestinal digestion step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Sang Kim
- Department of Animal Life and Environment Science, Hankyong National University, 327 Jungang-ro, Anseong-si, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Ali ME, Ahamad MNU, Asing, Hossain MM, Sultana S. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay discriminates of rabbit, rat and squirrel meat in frankfurter products. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Asing, Ali ME, Abd Hamid SB, Hossain MAM, Mustafa S, Kader MA, Zaidul ISM. Lab-on-a-Chip-Based PCR-RFLP Assay for the Detection of Malayan Box Turtle (Cuora amboinensis) in the Food Chain and Traditional Chinese Medicines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163436. [PMID: 27716792 PMCID: PMC5055339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Malayan box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) (MBT) is a vulnerable and protected turtle species, but it is a lucrative item in the illegal wildlife trade because of its great appeal as an exotic food item and in traditional medicine. Although several polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to identify MBT by various routes have been documented, their applicability for forensic authentication remains inconclusive due to the long length of the amplicon targets, which are easily broken down by natural decomposition, environmental stresses or physiochemical treatments during food processing. To address this research gap, we developed, for the first time, a species-specific PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay with a very short target length (120 bp) to detect MBT in the food chain; this authentication ensured better security and reliability through molecular fingerprints. The PCR-amplified product was digested with Bfa1 endonuclease, and distinctive restriction fingerprints (72, 43 and 5 bp) for MBT were found upon separation in a microfluidic chip-based automated electrophoresis system, which enhances the resolution of short oligos. The chances of any false negative identifications were eliminated through the use of a universal endogenous control for eukaryotes, and the limit of detection was 0.0001 ng DNA or 0.01% of the meat under admixed states. Finally, the optimized PCR-RFLP assay was validated for the screening of raw and processed commercial meatballs, burgers and frankfurters, which are very popular in most countries. The optimized PCR-RFLP assay was further used to screen MBT materials in 153 traditional Chinese medicines of 17 different brands and 62 of them were found MBT positive; wherein the ingredients were not declared in product labels. Overall, the novel assay demonstrated sufficient merit for use in any forensic and/or archaeological authentication of MBT, even under a state of decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asing
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md. Eaqub Ali
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. A. Motalib Hossain
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shuhaimi Mustafa
- Institute of Halal Products Research, University of Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md. Abdul Kader
- School of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Malaysia Terrenganu, Kuala Terrenganu, Terrenganu, Malaysia
| | - I. S. M. Zaidul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Hossain MAM, Ali ME, Abd Hamid SB, Mustafa S, Mohd Desa MN, Zaidul ISM. Double Gene Targeting Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Assay Discriminates Beef, Buffalo, and Pork Substitution in Frankfurter Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6343-6354. [PMID: 27501408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Beef, buffalo, and pork adulteration in the food chain is an emerging and sensitive issue. Current molecular techniques to authenticate these species depend on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays involving long and single targets which break down under natural decomposition and/or processing treatments. This novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay targeted two different gene sites for each of the bovine, buffalo, and porcine materials. This authentication ensured better security, first through a complementation approach because it is highly unlikely that both sites will be missing under compromised states, and second through molecular fingerprints. Mitochondrial cytochrome b and ND5 genes were targeted, and all targets (73, 90, 106, 120, 138, and 146 bp) were stable under extreme boiling and autoclaving treatments. Target specificity and authenticity were ensured through cross-amplification reaction and restriction digestion of PCR products with AluI, EciI, FatI, and CviKI-1 enzymes. A survey of Malaysian frankfurter products revealed rampant substitution of beef with buffalo but purity in porcine materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuhaimi Mustafa
- Institute of Halal Products Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa
- Institute of Halal Products Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I S M Zaidul
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University , Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
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Heo EJ, Ko EK, Seo KH, Kim YJ, Park HJ, Wee SH, Moon JS. Validation of PCR and ELISA Test Kits for Identification of Domestic Animal Species in Raw Meat and Meat Products in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.13103/jfhs.2014.29.2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abuzinadah OHA, Yacoub HA, El Ashmaoui HM, Ramadan HAI. Molecular detection of adulteration in chicken products based on mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 26:337-40. [PMID: 24102598 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.840593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to detect the fraudulent in chicken products constitutes in order to protect consumers in Saudi Arabia from illegal substitutions. Two different approaches were used in this study, direct sequencing of specific fragments of amplified mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene in addition to species-specific PCR primers for confirmation of the obtained Blast search results. The results showed that all processed chicken products were identified as chicken (Gallus gallus) by 90-98% homology depending on obtained sequence quality. Samples labeled with chicken luncheon (samples tested in this study) were identified as turkey meat (Meleagris gallopavo) by 98% homology, suggesting adulteration with inedible parts of turkey in chicken luncheon ingredients. The results showed also that not only chicken luncheon was mixed with inedible parts of turkey but also all chicken products tested in this study (chicken balls, chicken burger, chicken sausage and chicken mined meat) contained this turkey meat. Applying methods used in this study could be useful for accurate and rapid identification of commercial processed meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama H A Abuzinadah
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and
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Fajardo V, González I, Rojas M, García T, Martín R. A review of current PCR-based methodologies for the authentication of meats from game animal species. Trends Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chung ER, Chung KY. Identification of Korean Native Pork Using Breed-Specific DNA Marker of KIT Gene. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2010. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.3.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wang Q, Zhang X, Zhang HY, Zhang J, Chen GQ, Zhao DH, Ma HP, Liao WJ. Identification of 12 animal species meat by T-RFLP on the 12S rRNA gene. Meat Sci 2010; 85:265-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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