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Xie Y, Liu J, Wang H, Luo J, Chen T, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Sun J. Effects of fermented feeds and ginseng polysaccharides on the intestinal morphology and microbiota composition of Xuefeng black-bone chicken. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237357. [PMID: 32780763 PMCID: PMC7418966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented feeds contain abundant organic acids, amino acids, and small peptides, which improve the nutritional status as well as the morphology and microbiota composition of the intestine. Ginseng polysaccharides exhibit several biological activities and contribute to improving intestinal development. Here, Xuefeng black-bone chickens were fed a basal diet fermented by Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Enterococcus faecium, with or without ginseng polysaccharides. The 100% microbially fermented feed (Fe) and 100% microbially fermented feed and ginseng polysaccharide (FP) groups showed significantly increased villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, and decreased crypt depth in the jejunum. In the 100% complete feed and ginseng polysaccharide (Po) group, the villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly increased, crypt depth was reduced, and villus height remained unaffected. Next, we studied the intestinal microbial composition of 32 Xuefeng black-bone chickens. A total of 10 phyla and 442 genera were identified, among which Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla. At the genus level, Sutterella and Asteroleplasma abundance increased and decreased, respectively, in the FP and Po groups. Sutterella abundance was positively correlated to villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, and negatively correlated to crypt depth, and Asteroleplasma abundance was positively correlated to crypt depth and negatively correlated to villus height to crypt depth ratio. At the species level, the FP group showed significantly increased Bacteroides_vulgatus and Eubacterium_tortuosum and decreased Mycoplasma_gallinarum and Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance, and the Po group showed significantly increased Mycoplasma_gallinarum and Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance. Moreover, bacterial abundance was closely related to the jejunum histomorphology. Asteroleplasma_anaerobium abundance was positively correlated with crypt depth and negatively correlated with villus height to crypt depth ratio. Mycoplasma_gallinarum abundance was positively correlated to villus height, and Bacteroides_vulgatus and Eubacterium_tortuosum abundance was positively correlated with villus height to crypt depth ratio and negatively correlated with crypt depth. Therefore, fermented feeds with ginseng polysaccharides may be used as effective alternatives to antibiotics for improving intestinal morphology and microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JS)
| | - Jiajie Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (JS)
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Kim HW, Kim JH, Yan F, Cheng HW, Brad Kim YH. Effects of heat stress and probiotic supplementation on protein functionality and oxidative stability of ground chicken leg meat during display storage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:5343-5351. [PMID: 28493474 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress and probiotic supplementation on protein functionality and oxidative stability of ground chicken leg during display storage. Two hundred and forty, 1-day-old male chicks (5 birds per pen) were subjected to four treatments in a 2 (thermoneutral condition at 21 °C and cyclic heat stress at 32-21-32 °C for 10 h day-1 ) × 2 (regular diet with 0 or 0.25 g kg-1 Bacillus subtilis) factorial design. Chickens were harvested at day 46, and pairs of whole legs were collected at 1 day postmortem. The chicken legs were deboned, ground, tray-packaged with oxygen-permeable film, and displayed for 3 days. RESULTS Heat stress and probiotic supplementation had no impact on pH, water-holding capacity, color, protein functionality, lipid lipolysis and lipid/protein oxidation stability (P > 0.05). Display storage increased the pH and lipid oxidation of ground chicken legs (P < 0.05). In addition, protein oxidation occurred during display storage, as determined via an increased carbonyl group (P = 0.0109) and reduced thiol group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that chronic heat stress and probiotic supplementation had no practical adverse impact on protein functionality and oxidative stability of ground chicken leg meat. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Kim
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ji-Han Kim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Feifei Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Heng-Wei Cheng
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yuan H Brad Kim
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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