Effect of the Fish Oil Fortified Chitosan Edible Film on Microbiological, Chemical Composition and Sensory Properties of Göbek Kashar Cheese during Ripening Time

Dietary Factors as Triggers of Low-Grade Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Poultry

Inflammation is the reaction of the immune system to an injury; it is aimed at the recovery and repair of damaged tissue. The inflammatory response can be beneficial to the animal since it will reestablish tissue homeostasis if well regulated. However, if it is not controlled, inflammation might lead to a chronic response with a subsequent loss of tissue function. The intestine is constantly exposed to a number of environmental triggers that stimulate inflammation and lead to a reduction in performance. The diet and dietary components constitute consistent inflammatory triggers in poultry. Dietary components, such as anti-nutritional compounds, oxidized lipids, mycotoxins, and excess of soluble fiber or protein, are all capable of inducing a low-grade inflammatory response in the intestine of broilers throughout a 5-week grow-out period. We hypothesized that dietary factor-induced chronic intestinal inflammation is a key driver of the lower performance and higher incidence of intestinal problems observed in poultry production. Therefore, this review was aimed at exploring feed-induced chronic inflammation in poultry, the constituents of the diet that might act as inflammatory triggers and the possible effects of chronic intestinal inflammation on the poultry industry.

Potential application of herbs and spices and their effects in functional dairy products

Herbs and spices come from different parts of the plant are used to impart an aroma and taste to food. Several herbs have therapeutic properties such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, fortification of dairy foods with herbs and spices could help to provide functional dairy products with nutritional and medicinal values. Also, herbs and spices are used to improve the appearance and attractiveness of fortified foods for consumers and to increase the sale of those herbs. Therefore, only the highest quality herbs or spices can be added to dairy products to combat contaminating microorganisms. In this review the latest progresses in the dairy sector concerning the addition of numerous herbs and spices in different forms (i.e. powder, fresh, extract, essential oils) to dairy food has been conversed. Also, the effects of those herbs and spices on the quality of dairy products such as yoghurts, cheeses, butter, gee and ice creams have been presented.