1
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Erol Z, Taşçı F. Investigation of the seasonal prevalence, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in slaughterhouses in Burdur. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae056. [PMID: 38460954 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study examined Listeria monocytogenes isolates from two slaughterhouses in Burdur province, southern Turkey, over four seasons for antibiotic resistance, serogroups, virulence genes, in vitro biofilm forming capacity, and genetic relatedness. METHODS AND RESULTS Carcass (540) and environment-equipment surface (180) samples were collected from two slaughterhouses (S1, S2) for 1 year (4 samplings). Of the 89 (12.4%) positive isolates, 48 (53.9%) were from animal carcasses, and 41 (46.1%) from the environment-equipment surfaces. Autumn was the peak season for Listeria monocytogenes compared to summer and spring (P < 0.05). In addition, the most common serotype between seasons was 1/2c. Except for plcA and luxS genes, all isolates (100%) harbored inlA, inlC, inlJ, hlyA, actA, iap, flaA genes. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were identified as belonging to IIc (1/2c-3c; 68.5%), IVb (4b-4d-4e; 29.2%), and IIa (1/2a-3a; 2.2%) in the screening using multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based serogrouping test. A total of 65 pulsotypes and 13 clusters with at least 80% homology were determined by using pulsed field gel electrophoresis on samples that had been digested with ApaI. Thirty-four (38.2%) of the isolates were not resistant to any of the 14 antibiotics tested. The antibiotic to which the isolates showed the most resistance was rifampicin (44.9%). Serotype 1/2c was the most resistant serotype to antibiotics. Despite having biofilm-associated genes (inlA, inlB, actA, flaA, and luxS), a minority (11%) of isolates formed weak biofilm. CONCLUSION This study revealed seasonal changes prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes, particularly higher in autumn, posing a greater risk of meat contamination. Notably, Serotype 1/2c showed significant prevalence and antibiotic resistance. Indistinguishable isolates indicated cross-contamination, underscoring the importance of prioritized training for slaughterhouse personnel in sanitation and hygiene protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Erol
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15030 Burdur, Turkey
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42310 Ereğli/Konya, Turkey
| | - Fulya Taşçı
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15030 Burdur, Turkey
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2
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Gana J, Gcebe N, Moerane R, Ngoshe YB, Tshuma T, Moabelo K, Adesiyun AA. A comparative study on the occurrence, genetic characteristics, and factors associated with the distribution of Listeria species on cattle farms and beef abattoirs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:88. [PMID: 38409615 PMCID: PMC10896870 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
These cross-sectional studies reported the occurrence, genetic characteristics, and factors associated with the distribution of Listeria species on cattle farms and beef abattoirs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. A total of 328 samples (faeces, feeds, silage, and drinking water) were collected from 23 cattle farms (communal, cow-calf, and feedlot), and 262 samples (faeces, carcass swabs, and effluents) from 8 beef abattoirs (low throughput and high throughput) were processed using standard bacteriological and molecular methods to detect Listeria species. The factors associated with the prevalence of Listeria species were investigated, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was used to determine Listeria species, the pathogenic serogroups, and the carriage of eight virulence-associated genes by Listeria monocytogenes. The overall prevalence of Listeria species in cattle farms was 14.6%, comprising Listeria innocua (11.3%), Listeria monocytogenes (3.4%), Listeria welshimeri (0.0%) compared with 11.1%, comprising Listeria innocua (5.7%), Listeria monocytogenes (4.6%), Listeria welshimeri (0.8%) for beef abattoirs. Of the three variables (area, type of farm/abattoir, and sample type) investigated, only the sample types at abattoirs had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on the prevalence of L. innocua and L. welshimeri. The frequency of distribution of the serogroups based on 11 L. monocytogenes isolated from farms was 72.7% and 27.3% for the serogroup 1/2a-3a and 4b-4d-4e, respectively, while for the 12 L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from abattoirs, it was 25%, 8.3%, 50% and 16.7% for the serogroup 1/2a-3a, 1/2b-3b, 1/2c-3c, and 4b-4d-4e respectively (P < 0.05). All (100%) isolates of L. monocytogenes from the farms and abattoirs were positive for seven virulence genes (hlyA, inlB, plcA, iap, inlA, inlC, and inlJ). The clinical and food safety significance of the findings cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 39, Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - N Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Y B Ngoshe
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Epidemiology Section, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - T Tshuma
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - K Moabelo
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - A A Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa.
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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3
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Hong S, Moon JS, Yoon SS, Kim HY, Lee YJ. Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes in Pig Slaughterhouses in Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:1-9. [PMID: 37819680 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that has variable subtypes associated with human listeriosis and occurs in food and processing environments. This study was conducted to provide the genetic and phenotypic characterization of L. monocytogenes in pig carcasses and environments of slaughterhouses in Korea. A total of 22 L. monocytogenes were isolated from eight of 26 pig slaughterhouses between 2020 and 2022, and the most common serotype was 1/2c (40.9%), followed by serotypes 1/2b (31.8%) and 1/2a (27.3%). The isolates showed a significantly high prevalence of virulence genes located in Listeria pathogenicity island-1 (LIPI-1) and internalins (90.9-100%; p < 0.05). However, the prevalence rates of llsX, ptsA, and stress survival islet-1 (SSI-1) located in LIPI-3, LIPI-4, and SSI were only 9.1%, 22.7%, and 31.8%, respectively. In addition, among the epidemic clones (EC), ECI, ECII, ECIII, and ECV, only one isolate was represented as ECV. Isolates identified from the same slaughterhouses were divided into two or more pulsotypes, except for two slaughterhouses. Furthermore, the seven STs were classified into seven clonal complexes (CCs) (CC8, CC9, CC37, CC87, CC121, CC155, and CC288), and all CCs belonged to lineages I (31.8%) and II (68.1%). Interestingly, the isolates showed a high prevalence of oxacillin resistance (59.1%), and most isolates of the serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b exhibited oxacillin resistance, whereas only one of nine serotype 1/2c isolates exhibited oxacillin resistance. These results provide the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes in pig carcasses and environments of slaughterhouses, and continuous monitoring will be helpful in predicting food safety risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serim Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ryu J, Choi Y, Yoon Y. Comparison of genetic variations between high- and low-risk Listeria monocytogenes isolates using whole-genome de novo sequencing. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1163841. [PMID: 37533826 PMCID: PMC10393277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1163841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, genetic variations and characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from enoki mushrooms (23), smoked ducks (7), and processed ground meat products (30) were examined with respect to hemolysis, virulence genes, growth patterns, and heat resistance. The isolates that showed the highest pathogenicity and the lowest pathogenicity were analyzed to obtain the whole-genome sequence, and the sequences were further analyzed to identify genetic variations in virulence, low-temperature growth-related, and heat resistance-related factors. All isolates had β-hemolysis and virulence genes (actA, hlyA, inlA, inlB, and plcB). At low temperatures, isolates with high growth (L. monocytogenes strains SMFM 201803 SD 1-1, SMFM 201803 SD 4-2, and SMFM 201804 SD 5-3) and low growth (L. monocytogenes strains SMFM 2019-FV43, SMFM 2019-FV42, and SMFM 2020-BT30) were selected. Among them, L. monocytogenes SMFM 201804 SD 5-3 showed the highest resistance at 60°C and 70°C. The strains SMFM 201804 SD 5-3 (high-risk) and SMFM 2019-FV43 (low-risk) harbored 45 virulence genes; 41 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified between these two isolates. A comparison of 26 genes related to low-temperature growth revealed 18 SNVs between these two isolates; a comparison of the 21 genes related to heat resistance revealed 16 SNVs. These results indicate that the differences in the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes SMFM 201804 SD 5-3 and L. monocytogenes SMFM 2019-FV43 are associated with the SNVs identified in virulence genes, low-temperature growth-related genes, and heat resistance-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Ryu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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García-Díez J, Saraiva S, Moura D, Grispoldi L, Cenci-Goga BT, Saraiva C. The Importance of the Slaughterhouse in Surveilling Animal and Public Health: A Systematic Review. Vet Sci 2023; 10:167. [PMID: 36851472 PMCID: PMC9959654 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
From the point of public health, the objective of the slaughterhouse is to guarantee the safety of meat in which meat inspection represent an essential tool to control animal diseases and guarantee the public health. The slaughterhouse can be used as surveillance center for livestock diseases. However, other aspects related with animal and human health, such as epidemiology and disease control in primary production, control of animal welfare on the farm, surveillance of zoonotic agents responsible for food poisoning, as well as surveillance and control of antimicrobial resistance, can be monitored. These controls should not be seen as a last defensive barrier but rather as a complement to the controls carried out on the farm. Regarding the control of diseases in livestock, scientific research is scarce and outdated, not taking advantage of the potential for disease control. Animal welfare in primary production and during transport can be monitored throughout ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection at the slaughterhouse, providing valuable individual data on animal welfare. Surveillance and research regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at slaughterhouses is scarce, mainly in cattle, sheep, and goats. However, most of the zoonotic pathogens are sensitive to the antibiotics studied. Moreover, the prevalence at the slaughterhouse of zoonotic and foodborne agents seems to be low, but a lack of harmonization in terms of control and communication may lead to underestimate its real prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Díez
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - Sónia Saraiva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - Dina Moura
- Divisão de Intervenção de Alimentação e Veterinária de Vila Real e Douro Sul, Direção de Serviços de Alimentação e Veterinária da Região Norte, Direção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária, Lugar de Codessais, 5000-567 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luca Grispoldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Beniamino Terzo Cenci-Goga
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Cristina Saraiva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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6
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Kim J, Kim JW, Kim HY. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in clinical ruminant cases in Korea. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109694. [PMID: 36871522 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne human and veterinary pathogen, is associated with high mortality rates in ruminants. However, no studies have investigated the antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogenes isolates from clinical ruminant cases. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolates from clinical cases of Korean ruminants. We collected 24 L. monocytogenes isolates from aborted bovine fetuses and goats presenting with listeriosis-related symptoms. The isolates were subjected to PCR serogrouping, conventional serotyping, virulence gene detection, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Furthermore, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing were used to classify and compare genetic diversity among the isolates, including human L. monocytogenes isolates. The most prevalent L. monocytogenes serotypes were 4b (Ⅳb), 1/2a (Ⅱa; Ⅱc), and 1/2b (Ⅱb). All isolates harbored the virulence genes; however, llsX-encoding listeriolysin were identified only in serotypes 4b and 1/2b. All isolates, including two found in humans, formed three genetically diverse pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clusters according to serotype, lineage, and sequence type. The most prevalent sequence type was ST1, followed by ST365 and ST91. The isolates from ruminants with listeriosis were resistant to oxacillin and ceftriaxone and showed diverse lineage, serotype (serogroup), and sequence type characteristics. Considering that the atypical sequence types exhibited clinical manifestations and histopathological lesions, further study is needed to elucidate the pathogenicity of genetically diverse ruminant L. monocytogenes isolates. Furthermore, continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance is required to prevent the emergence of L. monocytogenes strains resistant to common antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Oh H, Lee Y, Kim Y, Seo Y, Kang J, Park E, Yoo Y, Sung M, Yoon Y. Development of antimicrobial hydrogel with edible formulations to control foodborne pathogens on food surfaces consumed raw. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Identification of Microbial Flora in Dry Aged Beef to Evaluate the Rancidity during Dry Aging. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry aging creates a unique taste and flavor in beef; however, the process also causes rancidity, which is harmful to humans. During dry aging, the microbial flora in beef changes continuously; thus, this change can be used as an indicator of rancidity. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between microbial flora in beef and rancidity during dry aging. The round of beef (2.5–3 kg) was dry aged under 1.5 ± 1 °C and 82 ± 5% moisture for 17 weeks. The microflora in the dry aged beef was analyzed by pyrosequencing. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values were also measured. Primers were designed to detect and quantify bacteria using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The VBN and TBARS values in the dry aged beef depreciated from week 11 of aging. The levels of Streptococcus spp., Pantoea spp., and Pseudomonas spp. significantly changed at around week 11. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the levels of Pantoea spp. and Streptococcus spp. could be used to identify rancidity during dry aging. Thus, among the microbial flora in dry aged beef, Pantoea spp. and Streptococcus spp. can be used to determine the rancidity of dry aged beef.
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9
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Kang J, Oh H, Lee Y, Lee H, Lee S, Kim S, Ha J, Choi Y, Kim Y, Seo Y, Park E, Kim H, Yoon Y. Dynamic model to describe kinetic behavior of
Listeria monocytogenes
in smoked salmon. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sookmyung Women's University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Risk Analysis Research Center Sookmyung Women's University Seoul South Korea
| | - Yewon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sookmyung Women's University Seoul South Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Food Standard Research Center Korea Food Research Institute Wanju South Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center Sookmyung Women's University Seoul South Korea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Risk Analysis Research Center Sookmyung Women's University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Risk Analysis Research Center Sookmyung Women's University Seoul South Korea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Risk Analysis Research Center Sookmyung Women's University Seoul South Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sookmyung Women's University Seoul South Korea
| | - Yeongeun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sookmyung Women's University Seoul South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sookmyung Women's University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Research Group of Consumer Safety Korea Food Research Institute Wanju South Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sookmyung Women's University Seoul South Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center Sookmyung Women's University Seoul South Korea
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Jang YS, Moon JS, Kang HJ, Bae D, Seo KH. Prevalence, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes from Raw Beef and Slaughterhouse Environments in Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:419-425. [PMID: 33900862 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw beef and in slaughterhouse environments was investigated from April 2019 to February 2020. Three hundred raw beef samples were purchased from 50 retailers and 10 restaurants (5 samples per source). One hundred and thirty-four samples from slaughterhouse environments were collected by swabbing (10 × 10 cm) the surfaces, gloves, splitting saw, and drains. L. monocytogenes was detected and identified according to the method described in ISO 11290-1, and confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing. L. monocytogenes was detected in raw beef (2/300, 0.7%), gloves used in carcass splitting (6/21, 28.6%), the splitting saw (1/18, 5.6%), and the drain zone (1/15, 6.7%). All isolates were serotype 1/2a or 1/2c, based on screening using multiplex PCR-based serogrouping assay and serotyping kit for O-H antigens. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) following ApaI digestion of eight PFGE pulsotypes and four PFGE groups were identified. Biofilm formation analysis using Crystal Violet staining revealed the highest biofilm formation in strain LM-16, followed by D190613. Although L. monocytogenes isolates were susceptible to most antimicrobials, some resistance to penicillin (8/15, 53.3%) and tetracycline (2/15, 13.3%) was observed. Through PFGE, G190426, G190829, and G200210 isolated from the same location in this study were genetically homologous similar to the LM-16 strain, previously isolated from beef carcass in 2006. These results suggest that LM-16 has been continuously present in biofilms in the slaughterhouse environments since 2006. Our study indicates that L. monocytogenes contamination in raw beef could consistently occur during beef processing in slaughterhouse environments through contact with gloves, splitting saws, and drains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Jang
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Park E, Ha J, Oh H, Kim S, Choi Y, Lee Y, Kim Y, Seo Y, Kang J, Yoon Y. High Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Smoked Duck: Antibiotic and Heat Resistance, Virulence, and Genetics of the Isolates. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:324-334. [PMID: 33987552 PMCID: PMC8115007 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the genetic and virulence characteristics of the
Listeria monocytogenes from smoked ducks. L.
monocytogenes was isolated by plating, and the isolated colonies
were identified by PCR. All the obtained seven L. monocytogenes
isolates possessed the virulence genes (inlA,
inlB, plcB, and hlyA) and
a 385 bp actA amplicon. The L. monocytogenes
isolates (SMFM2018 SD 1-1, SMFM 2018 SD 4-1, SMFM 2018 SD 4-2, SMFM 2018 SD 5-2,
SMFM 2018 SD 5-3, SMFM 2018 SD 6-2, and SMFM 2018 SD 7-1) were inoculated in
tryptic soy broth (TSB) containing 0.6% yeast extract at 60°C,
followed by cell counting on tryptic soy agar (TSA) containing 0.6% yeast
extract at 0, 2, 5, 8, and 10 min. We identified five heat resistant isolates
compared to the standard strain (L. monocytogenes ATCC13932),
among which three exhibited the serotype 1/2b and D-values of 5.41, 6.48, and
6.71, respectively at 60°C. The optical densities of the cultures were
regulated to a 0.5 McFarland standard to assess resistance against nine
antibiotics after an incubation at 30°C for 24 h. All isolates were
penicillin G resistant, possessing the virulence genes (inlA,
inlB, plcB, and hlyA) and
the 385-bp actA amplicon, moreover, three isolates showed
clindamycin resistance. In conclusion, this study allowed us to characterize
L. monocytogenes isolates from smoked ducks, exhibiting
clindamycin and penicillin G resistance, along with the 385-bp
actA amplicon, representing higher invasion efficiency than
the 268-bp actA, and the higher heat resistance serotype
1/2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yewon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yeongeun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Joohyun Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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El-Gohary FA, Abdel-Hafez LJM, Zakaria AI, Shata RR, Tahoun A, El-Mleeh A, Abo Elfadl EA, Elmahallawy EK. Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Combined with Hydrogen Peroxide Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens Isolated from Dairy Farms and Beef Slaughterhouses in Egypt. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3485-3499. [PMID: 33116668 PMCID: PMC7550212 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s271261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The last few decades have witnessed a rapid and global increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) emergence. Methods The aim of the current study is to isolate the most common MDR bacteria from dairy farms and beef slaughterhouses followed by evaluation of their antimicrobial resistance pattern and assessment of the antibacterial activity of AgNPs-H2O2 as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. In this regard, 200 samples were collected from two dairy farms and one beef slaughterhouse located in Dakhliya Governorate, Egypt. Results Interestingly, out of 120 collected samples from dairy farms, the prevalence of the isolated strains was 26.7, 23.3, 21.7, 16.7, and 11.7% for S. typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Meanwhile, the overall prevalence was 30, 25, 22.5, 17.5, and 5% for E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae, respectively, for the 80 samples collected from a beef slaughterhouse. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern elucidated that all isolated strains exhibited resistance to at least four of the tested antimicrobials, with multiple-antibiotic resistance index values (MAR) ranging between 0.44 and 0.88. Furthermore, the commercial AgNPs-H2O2 product was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential that showed spherical particles with a surface charge of -0.192 mV. The antimicrobial activity of synergized nano-silver (AgNP) with H2O2 product toward MDR strains was assessed via measuring minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill curve. Conclusion The present data report high prevalence rates of MDR pathogens in dairy farms and abattoirs. More importantly, AgNPs-H2O2 exerted broad-spectrum bactericidal activity toward MDR bacterial strains, suggesting their promising usage as safe, ecofriendly, cost-effective antibacterial agents. To our knowledge, this study is a pioneer in investigating the potential alternative antimicrobial role of silver nanoparticles for control of multiple drug-resistant pathogens in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A El-Gohary
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Lina Jamil M Abdel-Hafez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, October 6 City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira I Zakaria
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Radwa Reda Shata
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amin Tahoun
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshkh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt
| | - Amany El-Mleeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Sheibin Elkom 32511, Egypt
| | - Eman A Abo Elfadl
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth (Biostatistics), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of León (ULE), León 24071, Spain.,Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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Lee J, Seo Y, Ha J, Kim S, Choi Y, Oh H, Lee Y, Kim Y, Kang J, Park E, Yoon Y. Influence of milk microbiota on Listeria monocytogenes survival during cheese ripening. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5071-5076. [PMID: 32994967 PMCID: PMC7500772 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the three strains of Listeria monocytogenes survival in raw milk cheese and pasteurized milk cheese and to suggest the effect of milk microbiota on survival. L. monocytogenes cell counts decreased in all cheese as ripening time increased, and the survival rate was different for the strains of L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, L. monocytogenes survived longer in raw milk cheese than in pasteurized milk cheese. The difference of bacterial survival in each cheese was independent of Aw or the Lactobacillus spp. populations in cheeses; there was no difference in Aw or Lactobacillus spp. populations in all cheeses. The richness of microbiota in raw milk was little higher than in pasteurized milk, and five phyla (Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Lentisphaerae, and Verrucomicrobia) were present only in raw milk. Also, organic acid-producing bacteria were presented more in pasteurized milk compared with raw milk; thus, the growth of L. monocytogenes was slower in pasteurized milk. In conclusion, differences in the microbial community of milk can affect the growth of L. monocytogenes. Making cheese using raw milk is a risk of L. monocytogenes infection; thus, efforts to prevent growth of L. monocytogenes such as the use of appropriate food additives are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Lee
- Department of Food and NutritionDong Eui UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Yeongeun Seo
- Department of Food and NutritionSookmyung Women’s UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Risk Analysis Research CenterSookmyung Women’s UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Risk Analysis Research CenterSookmyung Women’s UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Risk Analysis Research CenterSookmyung Women’s UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Department of Food and NutritionSookmyung Women’s UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yewon Lee
- Department of Food and NutritionSookmyung Women’s UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Food and NutritionSookmyung Women’s UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Joohyun Kang
- Department of Food and NutritionSookmyung Women’s UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Food and NutritionSookmyung Women’s UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and NutritionSookmyung Women’s UniversitySeoulKorea
- Risk Analysis Research CenterSookmyung Women’s UniversitySeoulKorea
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Lee S, Lee H, Choi Y, Kim S, Lee J, Ha J, Oh H, Kim Y, Lee Y, Kim HJ, Yoon Y. Development of Kinetic Models and Their Applications to Describe the Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in Napa Cabbage Kimchi to Fermentation Conditions. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Food Standard Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University
| | - Yewon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Food Safety Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University
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