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Wright R, Parekh S, White R, Losey DP. Safely and autonomously cutting meat with a collaborative robot arm. Sci Rep 2024; 14:299. [PMID: 38168145 PMCID: PMC10762048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Labor shortages in the United States are impacting a number of industries including the meat processing sector. Collaborative technologies that work alongside humans while increasing production abilities may support the industry by enhancing automation and improving job quality. However, existing automation technologies used in the meat industry have limited collaboration potential, low flexibility, and high cost. The objective of this work was to explore the use of a robot arm to collaboratively work alongside a human and complete tasks performed in a meat processing facility. Toward this objective, we demonstrated proof-of-concept approaches to ensure human safety while exploring the capacity of the robot arm to perform example meat processing tasks. In support of human safety, we developed a knife instrumentation system to detect when the cutting implement comes into contact with meat within the collaborative space. To demonstrate the capability of the system to flexibly conduct a variety of basic meat processing tasks, we developed vision and control protocols to execute slicing, trimming, and cubing of pork loins. We also collected a subjective evaluation of the actions from experts within the U.S. meat processing industry. On average the experts rated the robot's performance as adequate. Moreover, the experts generally preferred the cuts performed in collaboration with a human worker to cuts completed autonomously, highlighting the benefits of robotic technologies that assist human workers rather than replace them. Video demonstrations of our proposed framework can be found here: https://youtu.be/56mdHjjYMVc .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Wright
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sagar Parekh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Goodwin Hall, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Robin White
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Dylan P Losey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Goodwin Hall, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Serva L, Marchesini G, Cullere M, Ricci R, Dalle Zotte A. Testing two NIRs instruments to predict chicken breast meat quality and exploiting machine learning approaches to discriminate among genotypes and presence of myopathies. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Zaazaa A, Mudalal S, Alzuheir I, Samara M, Jalboush N, Fayyad A, Petracci M. The Impact of Thyme and Oregano Essential Oils Dietary Supplementation on Broiler Health, Growth Performance, and Prevalence of Growth-Related Breast Muscle Abnormalities. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3065. [PMID: 36359189 PMCID: PMC9653697 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of thyme and oregano essential oils (as growth promotors), individually and in combination, on the health, growth performance, and prevalence of muscle abnormalities in broiler chickens. Six hundred day-old Cobb 500 hybrid chickens were randomized into four dietary treatment groups with three replicates each. Chicks in the control group (C) received a basal diet, while the experimental treatment groups received basal diets containing 350 mg/kg of thyme oil (T1), 350 mg/kg of oregano oil (T2), and 350 mg/kg of thyme and oregano oil (T3). Growth performance parameters were evaluated at 14, 28, and 42 days. The broilers in treatments T1 and T2 had significantly higher body weights than the control group. The feed conversion ratio was the lowest in chicks who received oregano oil, followed by those fed thyme oil. The overall prevalence of growth-related breast muscle abnormalities (including white striping and white striping combined with wooden breast) in groups receiving essential oils (T1, T2, and T3) was significantly higher than in the control group (C). The thyme and oregano oil diets showed no significant differences in antibody titers against Newcastle disease or interferon-γ (INF-γ) serum levels. In conclusion, thyme and oregano oils had a positive impact on the growth performance of broiler chickens but increased the incidence of growth-related breast muscle abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zaazaa
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Samer Mudalal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Ibrahim Alzuheir
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Maen Samara
- Department of Animal Production and Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Nasr Jalboush
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Adnan Fayyad
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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Mudalal S, Zaazaa A. Influence of slaughter age on the occurrence and quality
characteristics of white striping and wooden muscle
abnormalities. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:455-466. [PMID: 35611075 PMCID: PMC9108951 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of white striping (WS), wooden
breast (WB), and WS combined with WS/WB muscle abnormalities in broilers (Ross
500) at different slaughter ages (34, 41, and 48 d). In addition, the influence
of these muscle abnormalities at different slaughter ages on quality
characteristics (physical dimensions, pH, color index, and chemical composition)
was studied. Overall occurrence of muscle abnormalities was 45%,
92%, and 100% at slaughter ages of 34, 41, and 48 d, respectively.
It was found that about 39% from the occurrence of muscle abnormalities
was not similar in the same bird (left and right fillets). Breast fillets
affected by muscle abnormalities had significantly (p<0.05) higher weight
than normal fillets. At slaughter age of 34 d, normal fillets had significantly
higher L* (67.37 vs. 61.73 and 63.05, p<0.05), lower a* (3.25 vs. 4.87
and 5.18, p<0.05) and b* (4.02 vs. 5.20 and 5.99, p<0.05) than WS
and WS combined with WB fillets; respectively. The changes in chemical
composition due to muscle abnormalities were more significant at high slaughter
age than at low slaughter age. In conclusion, the occurrence of muscle
abnormalities was strongly influenced by slaughter age. Moreover, breast fillets
affected by muscle abnormalities had different quality characteristics
(proximate composition, color traits, and dimensions) in comparison to normal
fillets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Mudalal
- Department of Nutrition and Food
Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah
National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Ahmed Zaazaa
- Department of Animal Production and Animal
Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National
University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
- Corresponding author: Samer
Mudalal, Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and
Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine,
Tel: +970 92345113 | Ex: 12, Fax: +970 92345982, E-mail:
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Abu-Khalaf N, Masoud W. Electronic Nose for Differentiation and Quantification of Yeast Species in White Fresh Soft Cheese. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:8472661. [PMID: 35082918 PMCID: PMC8786551 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8472661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of food spoilage with simple and fast methods is an important issue in food security and safety. The present study is mainly aimed at identifying and quantifying four yeast species in white fresh soft cheese using an electronic nose (EN). The yeast species Pichia anomala, Pichia kluyveri, Hanseniaspora uvarum, and Debaryomyces hansenii were used. Six concentrations of each yeast species (100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 cells/g cheese) were inoculated in 100 g of fresh soft cheese and incubated for 48 h at 25°C. The EN was used to identify and quantify different yeast species in cheese samples. It was found that EN was able to discriminate between four yeast species using principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, EN was able to quantify in good precision three (Pichia anomala, Pichia kluyveri, and Debaryomyces hansenii) of the four tested yeasts presented in cheese samples using partial least squares (PLS) models. It seems that EN is a reliable tool that can be used as a fast technique to identify and quantify cheese spoilage in the cheese industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf Abu-Khalaf
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie (PTUK), P.O. Box 7, Jaffa Street, Tulkarm, State of Palestine
| | - Wafa Masoud
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie (PTUK), P.O. Box 7, Jaffa Street, Tulkarm, State of Palestine
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Non-Destructive Quality Measurement for Three Varieties of Tomato Using VIS/NIR Spectroscopy. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131910747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The non-destructive visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectroscopy is a promising technique in determining the quality of agricultural commodities. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the ability of VIS/NIR spectroscopy (550–1100 nm) to distinguish between three different varieties of tomato (i.e., Ekram, Harver and Izmer), as well as to predict the quality parameters of tomato, such as soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), taste (SSC/TA) and firmness. Ninety intact samples from three tomato varieties were used. These samples were examined using VIS/NIR spectroscopy and quality parameters were also measured using traditional methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) were carried out. The results of PCA showed the ability of VIS/NIR spectroscopy to distinguish between the three varieties, where two PCs explained about 99% of the total variance in both calibration and validation sets. Moreover, PLS showed the possibility of modelling quality parameters. The correlation coefficient (R2) and the ratio of performance deviation (RPD) for all quality parameters (except for firmness) were found to be higher than 0.85 and 2.5, respectively. Thus, these results indicate that the VIS/NIR spectroscopy can be used to discriminate between different varieties of tomato and predict their quality parameters.
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Mudalal S, Zaazaa A, Omar JA. Effects of Medicinal Plants Extract with Antibiotic Free Diets on Broilers Growth Performance and Incidence of Muscles Abnormalities. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Mudalal
- An Najah National University, Palestine
| | - A Zaazaa
- An Najah National University, Palestine
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Detection of Lethal Bronzing Disease in Cabbage Palms ( Sabal palmetto) Using a Low-Cost Electronic Nose. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10110188. [PMID: 33238529 PMCID: PMC7700687 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lethal Bronzing Disease (LB) is a disease of palms caused by the 16SrIV-D phytoplasma. A low-cost electronic nose (eNose) prototype was trialed for its detection. It includes an array of eight Taguchi-type (MQ) sensors (MQ135, MQ2, MQ3, MQ4, MQ5, MQ9, MQ7, and MQ8) controlled by an Arduino NANO® microcontroller, using heater voltages that vary sinusoidally over a 2.5 min cycle. Samples of uninfected, early symptomatic, moderate symptomatic, and late symptomatic infected palm leaves of the cabbage palm were processed and analyzed. MQ sensor responses were subjected to a 256 element discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and harmonic component amplitudes were reviewed by principal component analysis (PCA). The experiment was repeated three times, each showing clear evidence of differences in sensor responses between the samples of uninfected leaves and those in the early stages of infection. Within each experiment, four groups of responses were identified, demonstrating the ability of the unit to repeatedly distinguish healthy leaves from diseased ones; however, detection of the severity of infection has not been demonstrated. By selecting appropriate coefficients (here demonstrated with plots of MQ5 Cos1 vs. MQ8 Sin3), it should be possible to build a ruleset classifier to identify healthy and unhealthy samples.
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de Carvalho LM, Madruga MS, Estévez M, Badaró AT, Barbin DF. Occurrence of wooden breast and white striping in Brazilian slaughtering plants and use of near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis to identify affected chicken breasts. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3102-3112. [PMID: 32996140 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
White Striping (WS) and Wooden Breast (WB) are emerging poultry myopathies that occur worldwide, affecting the quality of meat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of N, WS, WB, and WS/WB (myopathies combined) in chicken breast from Brazilian commercial plant, comparing (1) inspection based on visual aspect and palpation of Pectoralis major muscle, and (2) identification of these myopathies by near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Chickens slaughtered at Brazilian commercial plant at four age ranges (4 to 5, 6 to 7, 8 to 9, and 65 weeks) were inspected. Spectral information was acquired using a portable NIR spectrometer, and classification models were performed using and Successive Projection Algorithm-Linear Discriminant Analysis (SPA-LDA) and Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) to distinguish normal and affected muscles. Results showed that occurrence of myopathies was aggravated by age of slaughter, as chicken slaughtered at 4 to 5 and 65 weeks exhibited 13.6 and 95% of myopathies, respectively. Birds slaughtered at 65 weeks showed no occurrence of WB, isolated or combined with WS. It was not possible to differentiate the WB and WS/WB classes; therefore, those samples were grouped (WB+WS/WB). SPA-LDA model showed greater accuracy (92 to 93%) in identifying Normal (N), WS, and WB+WS/WB groups, compared to SIMCA (89 to 91%). It can be concluded that the level of occurrence of myopathies in meat is directly related to the age of slaughter. This study demonstrated that NIRS combined with SPA-LDA model could be used as a tool to detect myopathies in chicken breast. This technique has potential for application in industrial processing lines as an alternative to the traditional methods of identification. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study shows that NIRS combined with chemometric techniques can be used to identify chicken breast myopathies in a wide range of ages at slaughter. In addition to being able to discriminate chicken muscles into subclasses, namely, Normal, WS, and WB/WB+WS, this technique has potential for application in industrial processing lines as it is a portable and nondestructive method. This procedure is emphasized as an alternative to the conventional method of identification based on palpation and visual assessment of muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Suely Madruga
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Mario Estévez
- Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), TECAL Research Group, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Baldi G, Soglia F, Petracci M. Current Status of Poultry Meat Abnormalities. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.9503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the poultry industry has faced an increasing occurrence of growth-related muscular abnormalities that mainly affect fast-growing genotypes selected for their production performances (high growth rate and breast yield). These abnormalities, termed white striping (WS), wooden breast (WB) and spaghetti meat (SM), primarily affect the superficial portion of pectoralis major muscles. Despite their distinctive phenotypes, WS, WB, and SM conditions entail common histological features, i.e., they might share common causative mechanisms underpinning their occurrence. Meat affected by growth-related abnormalities is harmless for human nutrition since no specific biological or chemical hazards have been found to be related to its consumption. However, WS, WB, and SM abnormalities negatively affect both quality traits and technological properties of raw and processed meat, causing relevant economic damages in the poultry industry. This paper aims to provide an update about the current status of poultry meat abnormalities, giving useful insights about their impact on meat quality, the possible causative mechanisms, methods for mitigation, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Baldi
- University of Bologna Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences
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Mudalal S, Zaid A, Abu-Khalaf N, Petracci M. Predicting the quality traits of white striped turkey breast by visible/near infra-red spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1779138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Mudalal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Amal Zaid
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie (PTUK), Tulkarm, Palestine
| | - Nawaf Abu-Khalaf
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie (PTUK), Tulkarm, Palestine
| | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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Zampiga M, Soglia F, Baldi G, Petracci M, Strasburg GM, Sirri F. Muscle Abnormalities and Meat Quality Consequences in Modern Turkey Hybrids. Front Physiol 2020; 11:554. [PMID: 32595515 PMCID: PMC7304436 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Turkey meat is the second most consumed poultry meat worldwide and represents an economic source of high-quality protein for human consumption. To fulfill the increasing demand for turkey meat, breeding companies have been selecting genetic lines with increased growth potential and breast muscle proportion. Moreover, the progressive shift toward further processed products has emphasized the need for higher standards in poultry meat to improve its technological characteristics and functional properties (i.e., water-holding capacity). However, as observed for broiler chickens, a growing body of scientific evidence suggests that the intense selection for the aforementioned traits could be associated with a greater occurrence of growth-related myopathies and abnormalities and, consequently, to increased downgrading rates and overall reduction of meat quality characteristics. In the past, muscle abnormalities such as deep pectoral myopathy, pale-soft-and-exudative-like meat, and focal myopathy have been reported in turkey lines selected for increased growth rate. In addition, the presence of white striations in the superficial layer of pectoralis major muscle, as well as the tendency of muscle fiber bundles to separate resulting in an altered breast muscle structure, has been detected in commercial turkey abattoirs. Furthermore, past investigations revealed the presence of another quality issue depicted by an overall toughening of the breast muscle. These meat abnormalities seem to macroscopically overlap the white striping, spaghetti meat, and wooden breast conditions observed in pectoral muscle of fast-growing, high-breast-yield chicken hybrids, respectively. Considering the high economic impact of these growth-related abnormalities in broilers, there is an increasing interest of the turkey industry in estimating the occurrence and the impact of these meat quality issues also in the modern turkey lines. Studies have been recently conducted to assess the effect of the genotype on the occurrence of these emerging growth-related defects and to evaluate how meat quality properties are affected by white-striping condition in turkeys, respectively. Therefore, this review aims to provide a critical overview of the current understanding regarding the growth-related abnormalities and their impact on meat quality in modern turkey hybrids with the hope that this information may improve the knowledge concerning their overall effect on poultry meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Soglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Baldi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gale M. Strasburg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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