1
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Hu H, Liu C, Wang P, Zhang L, Chu J, Lu Z, Guo Z, Jing W, Liu H. Development and validation of a clinical prediction model for ischemic stroke recurrence after successful stent implantation in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 123:137-147. [PMID: 38574685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) who underwent successful stent placement and to establish a nomogram prediction model. METHODS We utilized data from a prospective collection of 430 consecutive patients at Jining NO.1 People's Hospital from November 2021 to November 2022, conducting further analysis on the subset of 400 patients who met the inclusion criteria. They were further divided into training (n=321) and validation (n=79) groups. In the training group, we used univariate and multivariate COX regression to find independent risk factors for recurrent stroke and then created a nomogram. The assessment of the nomogram's discrimination and calibration was performed through the examination of various measures including the Consistency index (C-index), the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC), and the calibration plots. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical utility of the nomogram by quantifying the net benefit to the patient under different threshold probabilities. RESULTS The nomogram for predicting recurrent ischemic stroke in symptomatic ICAS patients after stent placement utilizes six variables: coronary heart disease (CHD), smoking, multiple ICAS, systolic blood pressure (SBP), in-stent restenosis (ISR), and fasting plasma glucose. The C-index (0.884 for the training cohort and 0.87 for the validation cohort) and the time-dependent AUC (>0.7) indicated satisfactory discriminative ability of the nomogram. Furthermore, DCA indicated a clinical net benefit from the nomogram. CONCLUSIONS The predictive model constructed includes six predictive factors: CHD, smoking, multiple ICAS, SBP, ISR and fasting blood glucose. The model demonstrates good predictive ability and can be utilized to predict ischemic stroke recurrence in patients with symptomatic ICAS after successful stent placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yafei Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- Emergency Department, Jining No.3 People's Hospital (Yanzhou District People's Hospital of Jining City), Shandong, China
| | - Chaolai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Department of Neurology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Department of Neurology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Zhipeng Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Jing
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Huakun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong, China.
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2
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Yu M, Yang D, Zhang R, Jiang Y, Qiao H, Zhao X, Liu G, Wang Y. Carotid atherosclerotic plaque predicts progression of intracranial artery atherosclerosis: A MR imaging-based community cohort study. Eur J Radiol 2024; 172:111300. [PMID: 38281437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intracranial artery atherosclerosis (ICAS) progression is associated with stroke. However, the association of carotid plaque with ICAS progression among stroke-free participants is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between carotid plaque and ICAS progression in stroke-free participants. METHOD Stroke-free participants were recruited from a community-based cohort study. All participants underwent questionnaire interviews, blood tests, and high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at baseline and follow-up for around three years. The atherosclerotic plaque was defined as eccentric wall thickening on MR imaging. The presence, location, total number, and burden (maximum wall thickness, length, and stenosis) of carotid and intracranial plaque were evaluated. ICAS progression was defined as the number increased or plaque burden (maximum wall thickness, length, or stenosis increase) increased by ≥ 20 %. The association between carotid plaque and ICAS progression was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 312 participants (mean age at baseline: 59.85 ± 13.04 years; 136 males) who completed baseline and follow-up studies with a mean time interval of 3.15 ± 0.59 years, 85 (27.24 %) had progression of ICAS during follow-up. At least one carotid plaque was detected at baseline in 167 (53.53 %) participants. In the multivariable logistic analysis, carotid plaque was a significant predictor for the progression of ICAS (odds ratio, 2.04; 95 % confidence interval, 1.06-3.92; P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Carotid plaque is associated with intracranial artery atherosclerosis progression in stroke-free population. Our findings suggest that carotid plaque may be an effective predictor for intracranial artery atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Runhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Beijing Office for Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Beijng Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Huiyu Qiao
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xihai Zhao
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Gaifen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Beijing Office for Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Beijng Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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3
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Pizov NA, Baranova NS. [Ischemic stroke in men 18-50 years of age]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:5-11. [PMID: 38512088 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20241240325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the main modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke (IS) and features of the course in atherothrombotic, cardioembolic, and lacunar subtypes of IS in men aged 18-50 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 125 men (the mean age was 42.6±5.3 years) who were admitted to the Vascular department before the COVID-19 pandemic and survived for the first 30 days after IS. Information on patients' baseline characteristics, traditional vascular risk factors, and lifestyle risk factors was systematically collected. Neuroimaging, ultrasound and laboratory tests were performed. RESULTS Atherothrombotic subtype was identified in 60 patients, lacunar subtype in 46 patients and cardioembolic subtype in 19 patients. In the group as a whole, major risk factors included arterial hypertension (83.2%), dyslipidemia (50.4%), smoking (67.2%), alcohol consumption (29.6%), obesity (16.8%), heart rhythm disorders (12%), and diabetes mellitus (8%). CONCLUSION The study revealed the main risk factors, the frequency of which differed depending on the stroke subtype and the age of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Pizov
- Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - N S Baranova
- Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl, Russia
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4
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Yang J, Sun P, Xu X, Liu X, Lan L, Yi M, Xiao C, Ni R, Fan Y. TAK1 Improves Cognitive Function via Suppressing RIPK1-Driven Neuronal Apoptosis and Necroptosis in Rats with Chronic Hypertension. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1799-1817. [PMID: 37196118 PMCID: PMC10529759 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypertension is a major risk factor for cognitive impairment, which can promote neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in the central nervous system. Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a key molecular component in determining cell fate and can be activated by inflammatory cytokines. This study aimed to investigate the role of TAK1 in mediating neuronal survival in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus under chronic hypertensive conditions. To that end, we used stroke-prone renovascular hypertension rats (RHRSP) as chronic hypertension models. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) designed to overexpress or knock down TAK1 expression were injected into the lateral ventricles of rats and the subsequent effects on cognitive function and neuronal survival under chronic hypertensive conditions were assessed. We found that, TAK1 knockdown in RHRSP markedly increased neuronal apoptosis and necroptosis and induced cognitive impairment, which could be reversed by Nec-1s, an inhibitor of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). In contrast, overexpression of TAK1 in RHRSP significantly suppressed neuronal apoptosis and necroptosis and improved cognitive function. Further knockdown of TAK1 in sham-operated rats received similar phenotype with RHRSP. The results have been verified in vitro. In this study, we provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that TAK1 improves cognitive function by suppressing RIPK1-driven neuronal apoptosis and necroptosis in rats with chronic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuhua Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Psychogios M, Brehm A, López-Cancio E, Marco De Marchis G, Meseguer E, Katsanos AH, Kremer C, Sporns P, Zedde M, Kobayashi A, Caroff J, Bos D, Lémeret S, Lal A, Arenillas JF. European Stroke Organisation guidelines on treatment of patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease. Eur Stroke J 2022; 7:III-IV. [PMID: 36082254 PMCID: PMC9446330 DOI: 10.1177/23969873221099715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present European Stroke Organisation guideline is to provide clinically useful evidence-based recommendations on the management of patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). The guidelines were prepared following the Standard Operational Procedure of the European Stroke Organisation guidelines and according to GRADE methodology. ICAD represents a major cause of ischemic stroke worldwide, and patients affected by this condition are exposed to a high risk for future strokes and other major cardiovascular events, despite best medical therapy available. We identified 11 relevant clinical problems affecting ICAD patients and formulated the corresponding Population Intervention Comparator Outcomes (PICO) questions. The first two questions refer to the asymptomatic stage of the disease, which is being increasingly detected thanks to the routine use of noninvasive vascular imaging. We were not able to provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the optimal detection strategy and management of asymptomatic ICAD, and further research in the field is encouraged as subclinical ICAD may represent a big opportunity to improve primary stroke prevention. The second block of PICOs (3-5) is dedicated to the management of acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic stroke caused by ICAD, a clinical presentation of this disease that is becoming increasingly relevant and problematic, since it is associated with more refractory endovascular reperfusion procedures. An operational definition of probable ICAD-related LVO is proposed in the guideline. Despite the challenging context, no dedicated randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were identified, and therefore the guideline can only provide with suggestions derived from observational studies and our expert consensus, such as the escalated use of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors and angioplasty/stenting in cases of refractory thrombectomies due to underlying ICAD. The last block of PICOs is devoted to the secondary prevention of patients with symptomatic ICAD. Moderate-level evidence was found to recommend against the use of oral anticoagulation as preferred antithrombotic drug, in favor of antiplatelets. Low-level evidence based our recommendation in favor of double antiplatelet as the antithrombotic treatment of choice in symptomatic ICAD patients, which we suggest to maintain during 90 days as per our expert consensus. Endovascular therapy with intracranial angioplasty and or stenting is not recommended as a treatment of first choice in high-grade symptomatic ICAD (moderate-level evidence). Regarding neurosurgical interventions, the available evidence does not support their use as front line therapies in patients with high-grade ICAD. There is not enough evidence as to provide any specific recommendation regarding the use of remote ischemic conditioning in ICAD patients, and further RCTs are needed to shed light on the utility of this promising therapy. Finally, we dedicate the last PICO to the importance of aggressive vascular risk factor management in ICAD, although the evidence derived from RCTs specifically addressing this question is still scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Psychogios
- Department of Neuroradiology,
University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Brehm
- Department of Neuroradiology,
University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena López-Cancio
- Department of Neurology, Hospital
Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- Department of Neurology and Stroke
Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Meseguer
- Department of Neurology and Stroke
Center, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Division of Neurology, McMaster
University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Skåne
University Hospital, Malmö, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University, Lund,
Sweden
| | - Peter Sporns
- Department of Neuroradiology,
University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroradiology,
University Clinic Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Department of
Neuromotor Physiology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio
Emilia, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda
Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Adam Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology and
Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine –
Collegium Medicum Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Neurology and Stroke
Unit, Mazovian Voivodeship Hospital in Siedlce, Poland
| | - Jildaz Caroff
- Department of Interventional
Neuroradiology – NEURI Brain Vascular Center, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique
Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Avtar Lal
- European Stroke Organisation, Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Juan F Arenillas
- Stroke Program, Department of
Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain
- Clinical Neurosciences Research
Group, Department of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Spain
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6
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Abstract
Despite advances in acute management and prevention of cerebrovascular disease, stroke and vascular cognitive impairment together remain the world's leading cause of death and neurological disability. Hypertension and its consequences are associated with over 50% of ischemic and 70% of hemorrhagic strokes but despite good control of blood pressure (BP), there remains a 10% risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events, and there is no proven strategy to prevent vascular cognitive impairment. Hypertension evolves over the lifespan, from predominant sympathetically driven hypertension with elevated mean BP in early and mid-life to a late-life phenotype of increasing systolic and falling diastolic pressures, associated with increased arterial stiffness and aortic pulsatility. This pattern may partially explain both the increasing incidence of stroke in younger adults as well as late-onset, chronic cerebrovascular injury associated with concurrent systolic hypertension and historic mid-life diastolic hypertension. With increasing arterial stiffness and autonomic dysfunction, BP variability increases, independently predicting the risk of ischemic and intracerebral hemorrhage, and is potentially modifiable beyond control of mean BP. However, the interaction between hypertension and control of cerebral blood flow remains poorly understood. Cerebral small vessel disease is associated with increased pulsatility in large cerebral vessels and reduced reactivity to carbon dioxide, both of which are being targeted in early phase clinical trials. Cerebral arterial pulsatility is mainly dependent upon increased transmission of aortic pulsatility via stiff vessels to the brain, while cerebrovascular reactivity reflects endothelial dysfunction. In contrast, although cerebral autoregulation is critical to adapt cerebral tone to BP fluctuations to maintain cerebral blood flow, its role as a modifiable risk factor for cerebrovascular disease is uncertain. New insights into hypertension-associated cerebrovascular pathophysiology may provide key targets to prevent chronic cerebrovascular disease, acute events, and vascular cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J S Webb
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (A.J.S.W.)
| | - David J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom (D.J.W.)
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7
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Salman E, Kadota A, Hisamatsu T, Segawa H, Torii S, Fujiyoshi A, Kondo K, Watanabe Y, Arima H, Shiino A, Nozaki K, Ueshima H, Miura K, The Sessa Research Group F. Relationship of Four Blood Pressure Indexes to Subclinical Cerebrovascular Diseases Assessed by Brain MRI in General Japanese Men. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 29:174-187. [PMID: 33487617 PMCID: PMC8803566 DOI: 10.5551/jat.58537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
The relationship of blood pressure (BP) indexes (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], pulse pressure [PP], mean arterial pressure [MAP]) to subclinical cerebrovascular diseases (SCVDs) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship of four BP indexes measured at two visits on SCVDs assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in general Japanese men.
Methods:
In general Japanese men aged 40–79 years (
N
=616), office BP indexes were measured at two visits (Visits 1 [2006–2008] and 2 [2010–2014]). MRI images obtained on the third visit (2012–2015) were examined for prevalent SCVDs: lacunar infarction, periventricular hyperintensity (PVH), deep subcortical white matter hyperintensity (DSWMH), microbleeds, and intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS). Using a multivariable logistic regression analysis, we computed and estimated the odds ratio of each prevalent SCVD for one standard deviation higher BP indexes. The same analyses were performed using home BP.
Results:
All four office BP indexes at both visits associated with lacunar infarction. Visit 1 and 2 DBP and Visit 1 MAP associated with PVH and DSWMH, and Visit 1 SBP associated with DSWMH. All Visit 2 BP indexes appear to show stronger association with microbleeds than Visit 1 indexes, and Visit 1 and 2 SBP, PP, and MAP showed similar associations with ICAS. Additional analyses using home BP indexes revealed similar relationships; however, the significance of some relationships decreased.
Conclusion:
In general Japanese men, BP indexes were associated with most of SCVDs, and BP indexes measured at different periods associated with different SCVDs assessed by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal Salman
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Takashi Hisamatsu
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Hiroyoshi Segawa
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Sayuki Torii
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Keiko Kondo
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Akihiko Shiino
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Kazuhiko Nozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
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8
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Chen YH, Sawan M. Trends and Challenges of Wearable Multimodal Technologies for Stroke Risk Prediction. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:E460. [PMID: 33440697 PMCID: PMC7827415 DOI: 10.3390/s21020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We review in this paper the wearable-based technologies intended for real-time monitoring of stroke-related physiological parameters. These measurements are undertaken to prevent death and disability due to stroke. We compare the various characteristics, such as weight, accessibility, frequency of use, data continuity, and response time of these wearables. It was found that the most user-friendly wearables can have limitations in reporting high-precision prediction outcomes. Therefore, we report also the trend of integrating these wearables into the internet of things (IoT) and combining electronic health records (EHRs) and machine learning (ML) algorithms to establish a stroke risk prediction system. Due to different characteristics, such as accessibility, time, and spatial resolution of various wearable-based technologies, strategies of applying different types of wearables to maximize the efficacy of stroke risk prediction are also reported. In addition, based on the various applications of multimodal electroencephalography-functional near-infrared spectroscopy (EEG-fNIRS) on stroke patients, the perspective of using this technique to improve the prediction performance is elaborated. Expected prediction has to be dynamically delivered with high-precision outcomes. There is a need for stroke risk stratification and management to reduce the resulting social and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsuan Chen
- CenBRAIN Lab., School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Study, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- CenBRAIN Lab., School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Study, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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9
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Kim SM, Woo HG, Kim YJ, Kim BJ. Blood pressure management in stroke patients. JOURNAL OF NEUROCRITICAL CARE 2020. [DOI: 10.18700/jnc.200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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10
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Scutelnic A, Mordasini P, Bervini D, El-Koussy M, Heldner MR. Management of Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-020-00626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Krasteva MP, Lau KK, Mordasini P, Tsang ACO, Heldner MR. Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenoses: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Current Therapy Options. Adv Ther 2020; 37:1829-1865. [PMID: 32270364 PMCID: PMC7467483 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses (ICAS) are one of the most common causes of first and recurrent cerebrovascular ischaemic events worldwide, with highest prevalence in Asian, Hispanic and African populations. Clinical trials have improved the understanding of epidemiology, risk factors and imaging characteristics of patients with ICAS. Current therapeutic approaches concerning these patients include management of risk factors, best medical therapy, potentially endovascular and rarely surgical therapy. In our review, we elucidate the current epidemiology and evidence in evaluation of risk factors and therapeutic options for providing favourable outcome for patients with ICAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Petrova Krasteva
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kui Kai Lau
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pasquale Mordasini
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anderson Chun On Tsang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Mirjam Rachel Heldner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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12
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Lee MH, Kim JG, Jeon SB, Kang DW, Kwon SU, Kim JS. Pharmacologically Induced Hypertension Therapy for Acute Stroke Patients. J Stroke 2019; 21:228-230. [PMID: 31161767 PMCID: PMC6549068 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2019.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hwan Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong-Goo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Bum Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wha Kang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun U Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong S Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Kim JS, Bang OY. Medical Treatment of Intracranial Atherosclerosis: An Update. J Stroke 2017; 19:261-270. [PMID: 29037012 PMCID: PMC5647642 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2017.01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS), antithrombotic agents are the mainstay of therapy. Anticoagulation (warfarin) is not widely used since it is not more effective than aspirin and carries a high risk of bleeding. New oral anticoagulants are showing promise, but their use has not been investigated in appropriate clinical trials. Since the recurrent stroke risk is high with aspirin monotherapy, dual antiplatelets are considered in the early stage of symptomatic ICAS. Based on the Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) and Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS) results, aspirin plus clopidogrel has been recommended. However, this combination was not superior to aspirin monotherapy in patients with ICAS in the CHANCE substudy. Progression of ICAS is common, and it is associated with recurrent strokes. In the Trial of Cilostazol in Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis (TOSS) study, aspirin plus cilostazol was more effective than aspirin monotherapy in preventing progression. The TOSS II trial showed that the overall change in stenosis was better with aspirin plus cilostazol than with aspirin plus clopidogrel. Aside from antithrombotic therapy, risk factor management is critical for secondary prevention, and high blood pressure is clearly linked to recurrent stroke. However, blood pressure may have to be cautiously managed in the early stage of stroke. Considering that ICAS is the major cause of stroke worldwide, further investigations are needed to establish optimal management strategies for patients with ICAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong S Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh Young Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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