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Demir D, Hekimgil M, Karaca E, Ulusoy Y, Özdemir HH, Saydam G, Durmaz B, Akın H, Çetingül N, Tombuloğlu M, Özsan N. Clinicopathological characteristics, genetics and prognosis of patients with myeloid sarcoma: a single-center study. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:244-251. [PMID: 35927017 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2021-208000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare tumour comprising myeloid blasts occurring at an anatomical site other than the bone marrow. We sought to investigate both paediatric and adult patients with MS diagnosed at our institution and determine possible correlations among their clinicopathological, phenotypic, molecular and prognostic features. METHODS This study retrospectively evaluated the data of 45 patients diagnosed with MS at Ege University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Turkey, over a 17-year period. RESULTS The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1, and the median age was 39.12 years. The most commonly involved sites were the skin, lymph nodes, soft tissues and bone. Immunohistochemically, CD68-KP1 was the most commonly expressed marker, followed by CD33, myeloperoxidase, CD117, lysozyme, CD68-PGM1 and CD34. Of the patients, 26 (57.7%) presented with de novo MS, 7 (15.5%) had simultaneous acute myeloid leukaemia and 12 (26.8%) had a previous history of haematological disorders. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 46.4% and 39.8%, respectively; the median OS duration was 11 months. Increasing age had a negative prognostic relationship with survival (p = 0.04). Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in approximately 6/10 (60%) of paediatric patients and 6/9 (66.7%) of adult patients. t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation was identified in 20% of paediatric patients. CONCLUSIONS MS diagnosis is usually challenging; an expanded immunohistochemical panel should be used for an accurate diagnosis. Although MS generally has a poor prognosis, increasing age appears to be associated with a worse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Demir
- Pathology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mine Hekimgil
- Pathology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emin Karaca
- Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ulusoy
- Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Güray Saydam
- Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burak Durmaz
- Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Haluk Akın
- Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nazan Çetingül
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Tombuloğlu
- Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nazan Özsan
- Pathology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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CD34 and CD79a immunopositivity in megakaryocytes. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2020.200467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of myeloid neoplasms that are often difficult to diagnose due to their pathologic and clinical heterogeneity. The key features of MDS are peripheral blood cytopenias, ineffective hematopoiesis manifesting as morphologic dysplasia, and clonal genetic abnormalities. The most difficult diagnostic dilemmas often arise in low-grade MDS cases (lacking excess blasts), which can be difficult to distinguish from other causes of cytopenia. This distinction requires the integration of information from the peripheral blood (both CBC parameters and morphology), bone marrow morphology, genetic studies, and interrogation of the clinical record to exclude secondary causes. METHODS We discuss the approach to the diagnosis of low-grade MDS (cases lacking increased blasts), including a diagnostic algorithm and two illustrative cases. RESULTS The appropriate use of ancillary studies is important to support or dispute the likelihood of low-grade MDS in conjunction with the findings of morphologic dysplasia. Interpreting the results of cytogenetics and next-generation sequencing can be challenging and must incorporate the emerging knowledge of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. CONCLUSIONS The role of pathologists in integrating data from multiple sources in the diagnosis of low-grade MDS is evolving and becoming increasingly complex; in this challenging diagnostic setting, it is important to feel comfortable with uncertainty and maintain a conservative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa J Siddon
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Kim HN, Hur M, Kim H, Moon HW, Yun YM, Lee MH. A case of reactive erythrocytosis with CD34/CD61 dual positive megakaryocytes. Int J Lab Hematol 2019; 42:e17-e19. [PMID: 31241857 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Hur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanah Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Won Moon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo-Min Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mark Hong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Duarte FB, DE Jesus Dos Santos TE, Barbosa MC, Moura ATG, DE Vasconcelos JPL, Rocha-Filho FD, Coutinho DF, Zalcberg I, Vasconcelos PRL, Garcia YDO, Lemes RPG. Presence of CD34 + in Megakaryocytes in Association With p53 Expression Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Low-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients. In Vivo 2018; 33:277-280. [PMID: 30587636 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Although risk stratification using the Prognostic Scores Systems (IPSS, WPSS and IPSS-R) incorporate key information about prognosis of patients with Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), patients classified as low-risk may evolve rapidly and aggressively, despite a "favorable" prognostic stratification. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers for predicting prognosis, and for better stratification and management of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of CD34 and p53 in megakaryocytes was examined by immunohistochemistry in 71 MDS patients classified as low-risk. RESULTS CD34 staining in megakaryocytes was associated with p53 expression (p=0.0166). CD34 and p53 expression were associated to worse overall survival in patients (p=0.0281). CONCLUSION The presence of CD34 in megakaryocytes is associated with p53 expression and an adverse prognosis for MDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maritza Cavalcante Barbosa
- Research Laboratory in Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Anna Thawanny Gadelha Moura
- Research Laboratory in Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Hodes A, Calvo KR, Dulau A, Maric I, Sun J, Braylan R. The challenging task of enumerating blasts in the bone marrow. Semin Hematol 2018; 56:58-64. [PMID: 30573046 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enumeration of blasts in the bone marrow is critical for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic response evaluation in myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms and acute leukemias. However, few studies have examined the accuracy and precision of marrow blast counting using standard microscopic procedures. In our study, 4 experienced hematopathologists evaluated blast percentages in marrow using either differential counts on aspirate smears or visual estimates on CD34-stained trephine biopsies. Results of an independent observer's manual counts of individual labeled and unlabeled cells performed on high resolution digital images of CD34-stained trephine biopsies were designated as the "Digital Reference." Hematopathologists' blast counts showed excellent interobserver reproducibility, but the counts in smears and trephine biopsies correlated poorly with each other. Compared to the Digital Reference, both smear and trephine evaluations showed positive bias and high variability. The biopsy showed less variability but higher positive bias relative to the smears, indicating that counts were overestimated more in the hematopathologists' biopsy evaluation. Flow cytometric counts correlated well with the Digital Reference, and cases with high blast count generally showed worse cytogenetic findings. Our results demonstrate the need for better counting methods if significant decisions are made based on microscopic enumeration of blasts. Further efforts should be made to develop markers to better define blast cells and perhaps incorporate automated digital imaging technologies to enumerate them. Also, consideration should be given to quantifying blasts per marrow area in biopsies instead of per nucleated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Hodes
- Department of Radiology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alina Dulau
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Irina Maric
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Raul Braylan
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Jain S, Mahapatra M, Pati HP. CD34 immunohistochemistry in bone marrow biopsies for early response assessment in acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2015; 37:746-51. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jain
- Department of Hematology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - M. Mahapatra
- Department of Hematology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - H. P. Pati
- Department of Hematology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
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Novello M, Coli A, Della Pepa GM, Martini M, Doglietto F, De Stefano V, Bellesi S, Pescarmona E, Lauriola L. Myeloid sarcoma with megakaryoblastic differentiation mimicking a sellar tumor. Neuropathology 2013; 34:179-84. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonella Coli
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Martini
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Bellesi
- Department of Haemathology; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - Edoardo Pescarmona
- Department of Pathology; Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome Italy
| | - Libero Lauriola
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Catholic University; Rome Italy
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Insuasti-Beltran G, Steidler NL, Kang H, Reichard KK. CD34+ megakaryocytes (≥30%) are associated with megaloblastic anaemia and non-acute myeloid neoplasia. Histopathology 2012; 61:694-701. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tang G, Wang SA, Menon M, Dresser K, Woda BA, Hao S. High-level CD34 expression on megakaryocytes independently predicts an adverse outcome in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2011; 35:766-70. [PMID: 21367453 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Expression of CD34 on mature-appearing megakaryocytes can be seen in various intrinsic bone marrow (BM) disorders as well as reactive bone marrows. In this study we investigate the clinical significance of CD34+ megakaryocytes in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). Expression of CD34 on megakaryocytes was assessed on BM biopsies obtained from 202 patients with MDS. High-level (≥20%) CD34 expression on megakaryocytes was found in BM of 29 patients (14%). The expression of CD34 on megakaryocytes is correlated with severe cytopenia, higher numbers of myeloblasts, more frequent and higher risk cytogenetic abnormalities, and a shorter overall survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that the expression of CD34 on megakaryocytes could be a strong and an independent poor prognostic factor in MDS, with a hazard ratio of 2.53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Ngo N, Lampert IA, Naresh KN. Bone marrow trephine findings in acute myeloid leukaemia with multilineage dysplasia. Br J Haematol 2008; 140:279-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Elliot V, Marin D, Horncastle D, Elderfield K, Apperley JF, Lampert IA, Naresh K. Percentage of CD34+ cells in a minimum 500-cell count in bone marrow trephines of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia provides the best correlation with aspirate blast count. Br J Haematol 2005; 130:460-1. [PMID: 16042700 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Torlakovic E, Tenstad E, Funderud S, Rian E. CD10+ stromal cells form B-lymphocyte maturation niches in the human bone marrow. J Pathol 2005; 205:311-7. [PMID: 15682430 DOI: 10.1002/path.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In adult mammals, early B-lymphopoiesis takes place in the bone marrow in close association with stromal cells. Both the phenotype of the stromal cells and the molecules involved in this essential interaction are as yet inadequately described. In this study, all benign, differentiating B-cells (Pax-5+ lymphoid cells) are shown, by using two-colour immunohistochemistry on biopsies from human bone marrow, to be in close contact with scant dendritic CD10+ stromal cells until they leave via the sinusoids. This CD10+ stromal cell population does not fully overlap with the VCAM-1+ stromal cell population. Furthermore, using a set of B-cell differentiation markers (TdT, Pax-5, and CD20), B-cell development is shown to be spatially oriented, with maturation progressing towards bone marrow sinusoids. In conclusion, CD10+ stromal cells form distinct B-lymphocyte maturation niches in the human bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Torlakovic
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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