1
|
Caradu C, Ammollo RP, Dari L, Wanhainen A, Van Herzeele I, Bellmunt-Montoya S, Ducasse E, Bérard X. Management of Inflammatory Aortic Aneurysms - A Scoping Review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2023; 65:493-502. [PMID: 36623764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms (InflAAAs) account for 5 - 10% of aortic aneurysms and are characterised by retroperitoneal fibrosis. Diagnosis is often delayed, and doubts remain about the optimal management strategy. This scoping review describes the current state of knowledge on InflAAAs. METHODS Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies that evaluated the diagnosis and treatment of InflAAAs. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was followed. RESULTS Fifty-seven papers were selected (low level of evidence), which included 1 554 patients, who were mostly male and heavy smokers. A triad of chronic abdominal or back pain, weight loss, and elevated inflammatory markers was highly suggestive of the diagnosis but rarely present, and fever was noted only randomly. A mantle sign was seen on computed tomography angiography (CTA) in 73 - 100% of patients. Open surgical repair (OSR) and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) was reported in 1 376 and 178 patients, respectively. OSR was associated with significant iatrogenic bowel (n = 22), urinary tract system (n = 7), venous (n = 30), pancreatic (n = 6), and splenic (n = 5) injuries, while EVAR was associated with lower 30 day mortality (0 - 5% vs. 0 - 32%). One and two year mortality rates were similar between the two treatment modalities (0 - 20% and 0 - 36%, respectively). EVAR was more often associated with post-operative progression of inflammation (17% vs. 0.4%), and a higher frequency of persistent hydronephrosis (> 50%) and limb occlusion (20%). Used in < 10% of patients, corticosteroids led to complete pain relief and a reduction in peri-aortic inflammation within 6 - 18 months. CONCLUSION InflAAAs are characterised by non-specific symptoms, with the mantle sign on CTA being pathognomonic. Corticosteroids may be considered a basic treatment that all patients should receive initially. Low quality data indicate that EVAR (vs. OSR) is associated with fewer intra-operative complications and lower peri-operative mortality but more late fibrosis related adverse events. International multicentre registries are required to gather more insights into this challenging pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Caradu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raffaele P Ammollo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France; Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Loubna Dari
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anders Wanhainen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Surgical and Peri-operative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Van Herzeele
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sergi Bellmunt-Montoya
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Ducasse
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Bérard
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gabali A. Serous fluids and hematolymphoid disorders. Cytojournal 2022; 19:17. [PMID: 35510123 PMCID: PMC9063582 DOI: 10.25259/cmas_02_12_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing hematolymphoid neoplasm by evaluating fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology sample is controversial and requires experience and clinical skills. This concept becomes more challenging when evaluating hematolymphoid neoplasm in body fluid. Differentiating between low-grade lymphoma and reactive lymphocytes is often difficult by morphology alone as reactive lymphoid cells may acquire activation morphology from being exposed to different cytokines within the body fluid. However, in most cases there are specific features that may aid in differentiating small reactive from non-reactive lymphocytes including the round shape of the nucleus, the absence of visible nucleoli and the presence of fine clumped chromatin. In large cell lymphoma and leukemia cells involvement of body fluid this concept becomes less challenging. Large cell lymphoma and leukemia cells tend to have large size nuclei, less mature chromatin, and visible nucleoli with and without cytoplasmic vacuoles. However, to reach accurate diagnosis and subclassification, the utilizing of flow cytometry, to confirm monoclonality, and other ancillary studies such immunocytochemistry, cytogenetics and molecular studies is needed. This review article will be incorporated finally as one of the chapters in CMAS (CytoJournal Monograph/Atlas Series) #2. It is modified slightly from the chapter by the initial authors in the first edition of Diagnostic Cytopathology of Serous Fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gabali
- Director of Hematopathology and Hematopathology Fellowship, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gaziano D, Akbar A, Lakhani K, Okafor TL, Bhesania S. Concurrent Incidental Presentation of Primary Retroperitoneal Follicular Lymphoma With Acute Pancreatitis. Cureus 2020; 12:e11687. [PMID: 33274167 PMCID: PMC7707139 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Follicular lymphomas are a common type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). Presentation varies widely from being asymptomatic to painless peripheral lymphadenopathy to classic B symptoms. We present an unusual case of follicular lymphoma where the patient initially presented with signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study is to recognize the challenges faced while diagnosing retroperitoneal NHL and the need for timely management of this disease. Case report: A 66-year-old Hispanic female with a medical history of treatment compliant asthma and hypertension presented to the ER with complaints of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant with serum lipase >3000 U/L and elevated liver function tests (LFTs), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 139 U/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 65 U/L, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 122 U/L. Abdominal ultrasound identified gall bladder wall thickening and dilation of biliary ducts. CT scan showed soft tissue mass in the retroperitoneum, measuring 9.3x4.8cm which wrapped around the aorta and pushed it off the spine. After two days of conservative management, her pain resolved and lipase levels normalized, she was discharged and scheduled for outpatient endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with biopsy of the retroperitoneal mass. The next day, the patient presented to the ER with similar pain, and labs again showed elevated lipase, EUS, and fine needle biopsy of mass showed CD-10 positive B-cell lymphoma. The patient was discharged after the resolution of pain. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan four weeks after the initial CT scan showed an increase in tumor size without any metastatic lesions. While awaiting core biopsy, the patient presented to the ER for the third time with worsening abdominal pain, lipase >3000 IU/L, and ultrasound showing cholelithiasis with cholecystitis. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Core needle biopsy of paraspinal lymph nodes showed grade 1-2 follicular lymphoma. Finally, the patient underwent six cycles of chemotherapy with Bendamustine and Rituximab and after the fourth cycle, a repeat CT scan showed resolution of adenopathy with minimal residual soft tissue attenuation in retroperitoneum. Discussion: NHL rarely occurs in retroperitoneum and its diagnosis is challenging. Our patient presented with the primary and unique occurrence of follicular lymphoma in the retroperitoneum. She presented with symptoms of an acute abdomen with elevated lipase and LFTs. She underwent multiple hospitalization and cholecystectomy before the correct diagnosis was made and until she was treated for follicular lymphoma. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of being vigilant when a patient presents with unusual presentations of a disease in order to diagnose and treat the condition early to decrease the risk of complications and to mitigate the risk of poor outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aelia Akbar
- Public Health, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Komal Lakhani
- Internal Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, USA
| | | | - Siddharth Bhesania
- Internal Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vajda M, Raupach J, Krajina A, Hoffmann P, Hůlek M, Živný O, Malý R, Vršanská V, Belada D. Emergence of a lymphoma imitating an infectious infiltration surrounding the infrarenal aorta after EVAR. VASA 2019; 48:531-534. [PMID: 31271346 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary retroperitoneal localization of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare but should be considered, even if the circumstances surrounding its emergence point to other direction. We present a case of an appearance of periaortic infiltration after successful endovascular treatment which turned out to be of malignant origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Raupach
- Department of Radiology, Charles University, Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Krajina
- Department of Radiology, Charles University, Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hoffmann
- Department of Radiology, Charles University, Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hůlek
- Department of Radiology, Charles University, Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Živný
- Department of Radiology, Charles University, Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Malý
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine - Cardioangiology, Charles University, Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vršanská
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine - Cardioangiology, Charles University, Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Belada
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Haematology, Charles University, Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Füllhase C, Harke N, Niedworok C, Protzel C, Hakenberg OW. Retroperitoneal Tumors in Adults. Urol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42623-5_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Retroperitoneal Tumors in Adults. Urol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42603-7_42-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
7
|
Davis BH, Holden JT, Bene MC, Borowitz MJ, Braylan RC, Cornfield D, Gorczyca W, Lee R, Maiese R, Orfao A, Wells D, Wood BL, Stetler-Stevenson M. 2006 Bethesda International Consensus recommendations on the flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis of hematolymphoid neoplasia: medical indications. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2008; 72 Suppl 1:S5-13. [PMID: 17803188 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The clinical indications for diagnostic flow cytometry studies are an evolving consensus, as the knowledge of antigenic definition of hematolymphoid malignancies and the prognostic significance of antigen expression evolves. Additionally the standard of care is not routinely communicated to practicing clinicians and diagnostic services, especially as may relate to new technologies. Accordingly there is often uncertainty on the part of clinicians, payers of medical services, diagnostic physicians and scientists as to the appropriate use of diagnostic flow cytometry. In an attempt to communicate contemporary diagnostic utility of immunophenotypic flow cytometry in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with hematolymphoid malignancies, the Clinical Cytometry Society organized a two day meeting of international experts in this area to reach a consensus as to this diagnostic tool. This report summarizes the appropriate use of diagnostic flow cytometry as determined by unanimous approval of these experienced practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B H Davis
- Trillium Diagnostics, Brewer, Maine, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Klapper W, Hoster E, Rölver L, Schrader C, Janssen D, Tiemann M, Bernd HW, Determann O, Hansmann ML, Möller P, Feller A, Stein H, Wacker HH, Dreyling M, Unterhalt M, Hiddemann W, Ott G. Tumor sclerosis but not cell proliferation or malignancy grade is a prognostic marker in advanced-stage follicular lymphoma: the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:3330-6. [PMID: 17664481 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.10.5833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Follicular lymphoma is an indolent lymphoma with a long median overall survival. However, a considerable number of patients die within the first 2 years after the onset of the disease. Because the treatment options vary with respect to antitumor effect and potential toxic adverse effects, the identification of high-risk patients would be helpful in directing therapeutic decisions in individual patients. Several histopathologic biomarkers for risk stratification have been suggested, but most markers have not been validated in patients treated in prospective trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report a comprehensive approach to evaluate histopathologic biomarkers, including WHO grade, histology, and proliferation and quantitation of immune bystander cells, in 158 patients with nodal advanced-stage follicular lymphoma treated first line within a randomized trial. RESULTS Tumor sclerosis was a significant prognostic marker of poor overall survival that was independent of the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI). WHO grade, proliferation, and total T-cell or macrophage content were not associated with overall survival. CONCLUSION The presence of sclerosis within the lymphoma is a marker of poor overall survival that is independent of the FLIPI. The quantification of macrophage or absolute T-cell content, grading, and proliferation are of no help in predicting the outcome of FL. Future studies need to identify surrogate markers for the prognostic immune signatures identified by gene expression profiling. Most importantly, new prognostic markers need to be confirmed in patients treated within prospective trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, Kiel, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Daponte A, Ioannou M, Gioti C, Kallitsaris A, Dalekos GN, Messinis IE. Primary retroperitoneal non-Hodgkin lymphoma presenting with torturous generalized pruritus in an elderly. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2006; 275:287-9. [PMID: 16947055 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-006-0235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A case of a rare primary retroperitoneal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), which presented with torturous generalized pruritus in a 74-year-old female patient is reported METHODS Case report. RESULTS Explorative laparotomy was performed after imaging revealed a pelvic mass and an ovarian tumour was suspected. After the frozen section revealed a lymphoma, extensive surgery was omitted. The patient was successfully treated with courses of Bleo-CHOP regimen (complete response) and pruritus resolved entirely after completing the second course of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION This report indicates the need of thorough investigation of the peritoneal cavity for the presence of NHL in cases presenting as unexplained pruritus in the elderly. In this setting the presence of a retroperitoneal pelvic mass must raise the suspicion for the possibility of the rare retroperitoneal NHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Daponte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41222 Larissa, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Néron S, Dussault N, Racine C. Whole-blood leukoreduction filters are a source for cryopreserved cells for phenotypic and functional investigations on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Transfusion 2006; 46:537-44. [PMID: 16584429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukoreduction of blood is now widely performed by blood banks, and the possibility of recovering 10(8) to 10(9) white blood cells (WBCs) from leukoreduction filters, which are usually discarded, represents a promising source for normal human cells. Previous studies with these filters to prepare WBCs have performed their experimentation with fresh cells only. Whether these filter-derived cells could also be used to prepare frozen cell banks to facilitate work organization and open new avenues for their utilization as references in physiological studies and clinical investigations was investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Blood samples or whole-blood leukoreduction filters were obtained, after informed consent, from volunteers or blood donors, respectively. The proportions of CD3+, CD14+, CD16+, CD19+, and CD45+ cells within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were determined by flow cytometry from all samples. B cells were isolated and their functional responses were evaluated in vitro. RESULTS The yield of PBMNCs recovered from whole-blood leukoreduction filters was lower (50%) than the one with fresh blood samples but still provided 2 x 10(8) to 4 x 10(8) PBMNCs per unit. After one cycle of freezing-thawing, the proportions of B- and T-cell populations were similar to normal blood values. Purified B cells issued from whole-blood leukoreduction filters displayed normal phenotypes and functions. CONCLUSION Leukoreduction filters represent a valuable source of PBMNCs. These cells could be easily recovered to prepare frozen cell banks useful in basic phenotypic and functional analyses involving the main subsets of B cells and the global T-cell population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Néron
- Cellular Engineering, Research and Development, Héma-Québec, Sainte-Foy, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|