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Li H, Husain AN, Moffat D, Klebe S. Nonmesothelial Spindle Cell Tumors of Pleura and Pericardium. Surg Pathol Clin 2024; 17:257-270. [PMID: 38692809 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Spindle cell lesions of the pleura and pericardium are rare. Distinction from sarcomatoid mesothelioma, which has a range of morphologic patterns, can be difficult, but accurate diagnosis matters. This article provides practical guidance for the diagnosis of pleural spindle cell neoplasms, focusing on primary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Aliya N Husain
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David Moffat
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology and Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology and Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
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2
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Rerkpichaisuth V, Hung YP. Mesenchymal tumours of the pleura: review and update. Histopathology 2024; 84:163-182. [PMID: 37691389 DOI: 10.1111/his.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Primary mesenchymal tumours of the pleura are uncommon and can be diagnostically challenging due to their overlapping histopathologic and immunophenotypic features. Herein we discuss selected mesenchymal tumours of the pleura, including solitary fibrous tumour, calcifying fibrous tumour, desmoid fibromatosis, synovial sarcoma, schwannoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and desmoplastic small round cell tumour. We review their clinicopathologic characteristics, along with an update on the relevant immunohistochemical and molecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilasinee Rerkpichaisuth
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yin P Hung
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Rottmann D, Abdulfatah E, Pantanowitz L. Molecular testing of soft tissue tumors. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:12-25. [PMID: 35808975 PMCID: PMC10084007 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of soft tissue tumors is challenging, especially when the evaluable material procured is limited. As a result, diagnostic ancillary testing is frequently needed. Moreover, there is a trend in soft tissue pathology toward increasing use of molecular results for tumor classification and prognostication. Hence, diagnosing newer tumor entities such as CIC-rearranged sarcoma explicitly requires molecular testing. Molecular testing can be accomplished by in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, as well as next generation sequencing, and more recently such testing can even be accomplished leveraging an immunohistochemical proxy. CONCLUSION This review evaluates the role of different molecular tests in characterizing soft tissue tumors belonging to various cytomorphologic categories that have been sampled by small biopsy and cytologic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Rottmann
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eman Abdulfatah
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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Choi JH, Ro JY. Mesenchymal Tumors of the Mediastinum: An Update on Diagnostic Approach. Adv Anat Pathol 2021; 28:351-381. [PMID: 34050062 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal tumors of the mediastinum are a heterogenous group of rare tumors with divergent lineages. Mediastinal mesenchymal tumors are diagnostically challenging due to their diversity and morphologic overlap with nonmesenchymal lesions arising in the mediastinum. Accurate histologic diagnosis is critical for appropriate patient management and prognostication. Many mediastinal mesenchymal tumors affect distinct age groups or occur at specific mediastinal compartments. Neurogenic tumors, liposarcoma, solitary fibrous tumor, and synovial sarcoma are common mesenchymal tumors in the mediastinum. Herein, we provide an update on the diagnostic approach to mediastinal mesenchymal tumors and a review of the histologic features and differential diagnosis of common benign and malignant mesenchymal tumors of the mediastinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyuk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX
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5
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Koike H, Nishida Y, Kohno K, Shimoyama Y, Motoi T, Hamada S, Kawai A, Ogose A, Ozaki T, Kunisada T, Matsumoto Y, Matsunobu T, Ae K, Gokita T, Sakai T, Shimizu K, Ishiguro N. Is immunohistochemical staining for β-catenin the definitive pathological diagnostic tool for desmoid-type fibromatosis? A multi-institutional study. Hum Pathol 2018; 84:155-163. [PMID: 30292627 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical staining with anti-β-catenin antibody has been applied as a diagnostic tool for desmoid-type fibromatoses (DFs). In recent years, specific gene mutation (CTNNB1) analysis has also been reported to be useful for diagnosis of DF; however, the association between CTNNB1 mutation status and immunohistochemical staining pattern of β-catenin is rarely reported. The purposes of this study are to clarify the relationship of the staining pattern of β-catenin with the CTNNB1 mutation status and various clinical variables, and to investigate the significance of immunohistochemical staining of β-catenin in cases diagnosed as DF. Between 1997 and 2017, 104 cases diagnosed as DF from 6 institutions in Japan were enrolled in this study: Nagoya University, National Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata University, Okayama University, Kyushu University, and Cancer Institute Hospital. For all cases, immunohistochemical staining of β-catenin and gene mutation analysis of CTNNB1 were performed. Of 104 cases, 87 (84%) showed nuclear staining of β-catenin, and 95 (91%) showed positive staining in the cytoplasm. The proportion of cases showing strong nuclear staining of β-catenin was significantly higher in the cases with S45F than in those with T41A or wild type. The proportion of cases stained strongly in the cytoplasm rather than in the nucleus was significantly higher in the group of T41A than that of S45F or wild type. Among 17 cases in which nuclear immunostaining was absent, CTNNB1 mutation was observed in 5 cases (29.4%). There were unignorable cases of DF with negative β-catenin immunostaining despite a definitive clinical and pathological diagnosis of DF and/or positive CTNNB1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koike
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Kei Kohno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshie Shimoyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toru Motoi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hamada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Ogose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 949-7302, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kunisada
- Department of Medical Materials for Musculoskeletal Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoya Matsunobu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Fukuoka 800-0296, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Tabu Gokita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koki Shimizu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Han G, Zhang Z, Shen X, Wang K, Zhao Y, He J, Gao Y, Shan X, Xin G, Li C, Liu X. Doege-Potter syndrome: A review of the literature including a new case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7417. [PMID: 28682900 PMCID: PMC5502173 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE We reviewed 76 published cases of Doege-Potter syndrome, and non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) secondary to a solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) between 1989 and 2016, to study disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare paraneoplastic disease. Further, we report 1 new case of a patient presenting with Doege-Potter syndrome. PATIENTS CONCERNS The tumors originated from the pleural cavity, lung, pelvis, liver, retroperitoneum, kidney, mediastinal, the sella, uterus, bladder, intestine, mandibular, and the thigh. The most common location was the pleural cavity (left 12 cases and right 28 cases). Moreover, 28/71 (39.4%) were benign and 43/71 (60.6%) were malignant. SFTs with NICTH were more likely to be malignant and present at a higher rate than previously published (5%-10.4%). The malignancy rate of extrathoracic SFTs was higher than that of thoracic SFTs, 20 (66.7%) as compared with 23 (56.1%). Age of onset varied from 24 to 85 years (mean 59 years), with 47 males and 28 females, and gender unavailable for 1 case. When comparing clinical characteristics of patients with benign as compared malignant tumors, no significant differences in the age of onset, gender, or size of tumor were seen. Among 15/19 cases, the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II)/IGF-I ration was >10.0. Complete tumor resection remained the only definitive treatment. OUTCOMES AND LESSENS Glucocorticoids dose-dependently reduce the frequency and severity of hypoglycemic episodes. Low doses of prednisone were ineffective at relieving hypoglycemia. The effect of neoadjuvant treatment, consisting of chemoradiation, and consecutive selective embolization of vessels feeding the tumor were not identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | | | | | - Yu Gao
- Department of Endocrinology
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Koo GW, Chung SJ, Kwak JH, Oh CK, Park DW, Kwak HJ, Moon JY, Kim SH, Sohn JW, Yoon HJ, Shin DH, Park SS, Oh YH, Pyo JY, Kim TH. Intrathoracic Desmoid Tumor Presenting as Multiple Lung Nodules 13 Years after Previous Resection of Abdominal Wall Desmoid Tumor. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2015; 78:267-71. [PMID: 26175783 PMCID: PMC4499597 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.3.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoid tumors are rare soft tissue tumors considered to have locally infiltrative features without distant metastasis until now. Although they are most commonly intraabdominal, very few cases have extra-abdominal locations. The origin of intrathoracic desmoid tumors is predominantly the chest wall with occasional involvement of pleura. True intrathoracic primary desmoid tumors with no involvement of the chest wall or pleura are extremely rare. We recently experienced a case of true intrathoracic desmoid tumor presenting as multiple lung nodules at 13 years after resection of a previous intraabdominal desmoid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Woo Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hee Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Kyo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jung Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Won Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Joo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ha Oh
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Nuclear expression and gain-of-function β-catenin mutation in glomangiopericytoma (sinonasal-type hemangiopericytoma): insight into pathogenesis and a diagnostic marker. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:715-20. [PMID: 25431235 PMCID: PMC7712456 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glomangiopericytoma (sinonasal-type hemangiopericytoma) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm with myoid phenotype (smooth muscle actin-positive), which distinguishes this tumor from soft tissue hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor. Molecular genetic changes underlying the pathogenesis of glomangiopericytoma are not known. In this study, 13 well-characterized glomangiopericytomas were immunohistochemically evaluated for β-catenin expression. All analyzed tumors showed strong expression and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Following this observation, β-catenin glycogen serine kinase-3 beta phosphorylation region, encoded by exon 3, was PCR amplified in all cases and evaluated for mutations using Sanger sequencing. Heterozygous mutations were identified in 12 of 13 tumors. All mutations consisted of single-nucleotide substitutions: three in codon 32 (c.94G>C (n=2) and c.95A>T), four in codon 33 (two each c.98C>G and c.98C>T), two in codon 37 (c.109T>G), one in codon 41 (c.121A>G), and two in codon 45 (c.133T>C). At the protein level, these substitutions would lead to p.D32H, p.D32V, p.S33C, p.S33F, p.S37A, p.T41A, and p.S45L mutations, respectively. Previously, similar mutations have been reported in different types of cancers and shown to trigger activation of β-catenin signaling. All analyzed glomangiopericytomas showed prominent nuclear expression of cyclin D1, as previously shown for tumors with nuclear expression of β-catenin as a sign of oncogenic activation. These results demonstrate that mutational activation of β-catenin and associated cyclin D1 overexpression may be central events in the pathogenesis of glomangiopericytoma. In additon, nuclear accumulation of β-catenin is a diagnostic marker for glomangiopericytoma.
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Hamada S, Urakawa H, Kozawa E, Futamura N, Ikuta K, Shimoyama Y, Nakamura S, Ishiguro N, Nishida Y. Nuclear expression of β-catenin predicts the efficacy of meloxicam treatment for patients with sporadic desmoid tumors. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4561-6. [PMID: 24390670 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of β-catenin nuclear positivity as a prognostic factor in patients with desmoid tumors (DTs) treated with meloxicam, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor. Between 2003 and 2012, consecutive 31 patients with extraabdominal, sporadic DTs were prospectively treated with meloxicam as a systemic medical therapy. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed material to quantify the nuclear expression of β-catenin and Ki-67, and cytoplasmic expression of COX-2. All clinicopathological characteristics including the intensity of immunohistochemical staining were analyzed with respect to their prognostic value for meloxicam treatment. Of the 31 patients with meloxicam treatment, there was 1 with complete remission (CR), 7 with partial remission (PR), 12 with stable disease (SD), and 11 with progressive disease (PD). Higher nuclear expression of β-catenin was significantly associated with a poor response (PD/SD) (p = 0.017). The positivity of COX-2 and Ki-67 and none of the other clinical variables were associated with prognosis. The nuclear expression of β-catenin can predict the efficacy of meloxicam treatment for patients with sporadic DTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Hamada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School and School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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Cyclin D1 as a diagnostic immunomarker for endometrial stromal sarcoma with YWHAE-FAM22 rearrangement. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 36:1562-70. [PMID: 22982899 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31825fa931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) characterized by YWHAE-FAM22 genetic fusion is histologically higher grade and clinically more aggressive than ESS with JAZF1-SUZ12 or equivalent genetic rearrangements, hence it is clinically important to recognize this subset of ESS. To identify diagnostic immunomarkers for this biologically defined ESS subset, we compared gene expression profiles between YWHAE-FAM22 ESS and JAZF1-rearranged ESS. These studies showed consistent upregulation of cyclin D1 in YWHAE-FAM22 ESS compared with JAZF1-SUZ12 ESS. Immunohistochemically, the high-grade round cell component of all 12 YWHAE-FAM22 ESS demonstrated diffuse (≥70%) moderate to strong nuclear cyclin D1 staining, and this diffuse positivity was not seen in 34 ESSs with JAZF1 and equivalent genetic rearrangements or in 21 low-grade ESS with no demonstrable genetic rearrangements. In a series of 243 non-ESS pure uterine mesenchymal and mixed epithelial-mesenchymal tumors, only 2 of 8 undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas with nuclear uniformity and 1 of 80 uterine leiomyosarcomas demonstrate diffuse cyclin D1 immunoreactivity. Both cyclin D1-positive undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas showed diffuse strong CD10 staining, which is consistently absent in the high-grade round cell component of YWHAE-FAM22 ESS. The low-grade spindle cell component of YWHAE-FAM22 ESS showed a spatially heterogenous cyclin D1 staining pattern that was weaker and less diffuse overall. Our findings indicate that cyclin D1 is a sensitive and specific diagnostic immunomarker for YWHAE-FAM22 ESS. When evaluating high-grade uterine sarcomas, cyclin D1 can be included in the immunohistochemical panel as an indicator of YWHAE-FAM22 ESS.
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11
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12
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Mátrai Z, Tóth L, Szentirmay Z, Papp J, Langmár Z, Kásler M. Multidisciplinary treatment of intra-thoracic desmoid tumors: case series and narrative review. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:CS17-25. [PMID: 22367132 PMCID: PMC3560762 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary intra-thoracic desmoids are exceedingly rare borderline tumors, with 34 reported cases in the English-language literature. The characteristic localized infiltrative growth and the high rate of recurrence can result in life-threatening conditions. Radical surgical resection is considered to be the primary treatment. Achieving negative surgical margins is a challenge. Cases with positive surgical margins are associated with a high rate of local recurrence; therefore, other multimodal approaches play a large role in their therapy. Case Reports The authors reviewed the relevant literature and presented examples of long-term follow-up of 3 intra-thoracic desmoid tumour patients, multidisciplinarily treated between 2000 and 2008. All reports of intra-thoracic desmoid tumors that the authors could find on PubMed or in the reference sections of these PubMed located articles were included using the search terms: intra-thoracic, desmoid, aggressive fibromatoses. Conclusions Because of the rarity of the disease and the heterogeneity of the cases, it is difficult to assess the importance of the information for everyday clinical practice. It does however provide a useful guide for reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Mátrai
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
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13
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Lin XY, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Fan CF, Dai SD, Wang EH. In pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma expression of β-catenin, Axin, and C-myc differs between the two cell types. Virchows Arch 2012; 461:59-65. [PMID: 22614067 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma is a tumor derived from primitive respiratory epithelium, but its character and the differentiation status of the two cell types (polygonal and cuboidal) composing the lesion are still controversial. We hypothesize that the polygonal cells are immature compared with cuboidal cells and have higher proliferative activity. To further study this question, we examined the expression of β-catenin, Axin, and C-myc by immunostaining in 45 primary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH) specimens. The two cell types were captured by laser capture microdissection from 28 PSH specimens, and total RNA was extracted. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Axin and C-myc was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). By immunostaining, β-catenin was predominantly strongly expressed on the cell membrane of cuboidal cells, while in polygonal cells, β-catenin was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm and significantly decreased on cell membranes. Axin was expressed in cuboidal cells in 93 % of our 45 cases, but only expressed in 18 % of these in polygonal cells. C-myc expression in polygonal cells was significantly stronger than in cuboidal cells (P < 0.05). RT-PCR showed that the expression level of Axin mRNA in cuboidal cells was significantly higher than in polygonal cells (P < 0.05), and expression level of C-myc mRNA in polygonal cells was significantly higher than in cuboidal cells (P < 0.05).The two PHS cell types have distinct expression of β-catenin, Axin, and C-myc, suggesting that their differentiation status may be different. The higher expression of C-myc in polygonal cells suggests that these cells might have higher proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yong Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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14
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Ahmad I, Singh LB, Foth M, Morris CA, Taketo MM, Wu XR, Leung HY, Sansom OJ, Iwata T. K-Ras and β-catenin mutations cooperate with Fgfr3 mutations in mice to promote tumorigenesis in the skin and lung, but not in the bladder. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:548-55. [PMID: 21504907 PMCID: PMC3124065 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.006874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene is frequently mutated in superficial urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). To test the functional significance of FGFR3 activating mutations as a 'driver' of UCC, we targeted the expression of mutated Fgfr3 to the murine urothelium using Cre-loxP recombination driven by the uroplakin II promoter. The introduction of the Fgfr3 mutations resulted in no obvious effect on tumorigenesis up to 18 months of age. Furthermore, even when the Fgfr3 mutations were introduced together with K-Ras or β-catenin (Ctnnb1) activating mutations, no urothelial dysplasia or UCC was observed. Interestingly, however, owing to a sporadic ectopic Cre recombinase expression in the skin and lung of these mice, Fgfr3 mutation caused papilloma and promoted lung tumorigenesis in cooperation with K-Ras and β-catenin activation, respectively. These results indicate that activation of FGFR3 can cooperate with other mutations to drive tumorigenesis in a context-dependent manner, and support the hypothesis that activation of FGFR3 signaling contributes to human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ahmad
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Mona Foth
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Carol-Ann Morris
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Department of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hing Y. Leung
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Tomoko Iwata
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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15
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Won HS, Lee MA, Chung ES, Kim DG, You YK, Hong TH, Lee IS. Comparison of thymidine phosphorylase expression and prognostic factors in gallbladder and bile duct cancer. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:564. [PMID: 20955617 PMCID: PMC2974735 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers have limitations in information about different location-related pathogenesis and clinico-pathological characteristics. The goal of this study was to investigate anatomical site-related similarities and differences in biliary tract cancers and to assess the expression and clinical significance of functional proteins such as p53, cyclin D1, survivin, thymidine phosphorylase, and ERCC1. METHODS One hundred and sixty-one patients with biliary tract adenocarcinomas, who underwent curative or palliative surgery in a single institution between October 1994 and December 2003 were evaluated, retrospectively. The level of protein expression of p53, cyclin D1, survivin, thymidine phosphorylase, and ERCC1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS With respect to clinico-pathological characteristics, gallbladder cancer was more frequent in women, and bile duct cancer was more common in men. Perineural invasion was more common in bile duct cancer. Recurrence as a distant metastasis was more common in gallbladder cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that thymidine phosphorylase expression was significantly higher in gallbladder cancer than in bile duct cancer. Positive thymidine phosphorylase and p53 staining were associated with an advanced stage. Differentiation, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage independently predicted poor prognosis in biliary tract cancer. These correlations were seen more clearly in gallbladder cancer. The immunohistochemical staining patterns of p53, cyclin D1, survivin, thymidine phosphorylase, and ERCC1 showed no prognostic significance in biliary tract cancers. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that gallbladder and bile duct cancers are considered to be separate diseases with different clinico-pathological characteristics and prognostic factors. In addition, we hypothesize that high expression of thymidine phosphorylase by gallbladder cancer results in a higher response rate to capecitabine by gallbladder cancer than bile duct cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sung Won
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Solitary fibrous tumor of soft tissue: a case report and immunohistochemical study. Med Mol Morphol 2010; 43:60-4. [PMID: 20340008 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-009-0451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A case of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) arising in the soft tissue of the left inguinal region is reported. A 57-year-old Japanese woman presented with a nonadherent, well-defined, oval mass that was 2 x 3 cm in diameter and located in the inguinal soft tissue. Microscopic evaluation showed proliferation of spindle-shaped, fibroblast-like cells by the coexistence of hypo- and hypercellular areas with mast cell infiltration separated by hemangiopericytoma-like blood vessels. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expression of CD34 and CD99 in the fibroblast-like cells, supporting the diagnosis of SFT. Although the patient was free of symptoms such as hypoglycemia, immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II was localized in the socalled Golgi area of the spindle-shaped cells. In conclusion, immunoreactive IGF-II was detected in SFT that was not associated with hypoglycemia.
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17
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Geramizadeh B, Banani A, Moradi A, Hosseini SMV, Foroutan H. Intrapulmonary solitary fibrous tumor with bronchial involvement: a rare case report in a child. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45:249-51. [PMID: 20105613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intrapulmonary solitary fibrous tumor is a very rare neoplasm. Our review of the English literature suggests that it has not previously been reported in children younger than 10 years. Herein, the occurrence of such a rare lesion invading the tracheobronchial tree is reported in a 7-year-old boy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Geramizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 71345-1864, Shiraz, Iran.
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Kim NR, Chung DH, Lee JI, Jeong SH, Ha SY. Intrathoracic Desmoid Tumor Mimicking Pleural Mass: A Case Report. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2009.67.5.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Na Rae Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Hae Chung
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Lee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Ha
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Guinee DG, Allen TC. Primary pleural neoplasia: entities other than diffuse malignant mesothelioma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008; 132:1149-70. [PMID: 18605768 DOI: 10.5858/2008-132-1149-ppneot] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Overwhelmingly, the most common neoplasm involving the pleura is metastatic carcinoma. In contrast, diffuse malignant mesothelioma occurs relatively rarely; however, it is nonetheless the most common neoplasm primary to the pleura. Metastatic carcinoma and diffuse malignant mesothelioma each have their own prognostic and therapeutic characteristics. Other primary pleural neoplasms occur uncommonly or rarely, with their own prognostic and therapeutic characteristics. OBJECTIVE To review primary pleural neoplasms other than diffuse malignant mesothelioma, to better ensure correct diagnosis and optimal assessment of prognosis and treatment. DATA SOURCES Literature review and primary material from the authors' institutions. CONCLUSIONS A nonexhaustive group of uncommon to rare benign and malignant primary pleural neoplasms--other than diffuse malignant mesothelioma--are presented, of which one must be aware in order to maintain an appropriate index of suspicion to include them in the differential diagnosis of a pleural tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Guinee
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Heim-Hall J, Yohe SL. Application of immunohistochemistry to soft tissue neoplasms. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008; 132:476-89. [PMID: 18318588 DOI: 10.5858/2008-132-476-aoitst] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Soft tissue tumors are composed of numerous and complex diagnostic entities. Because of this complexity and the recognition of an intermediate malignancy category including some tumors with a deceptively bland histologic appearance, soft tissue tumors may represent a major diagnostic challenge to the general practicing pathologist. OBJECTIVE To correctly diagnose soft tissue tumors with the ancillary use of immunohistochemistry. DATA SOURCES Review of the current literature with emphasis on those tumors for which immunohistochemistry has proven to be particularly useful. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors. One of its major utilities is to correctly identify a tumor as being of mesenchymal or nonmesenchymal origin. Once mesenchymal origin has been established, histologic subtyping according to specific cell lineage may be achieved with the use of lineage-specific markers. Tumors of uncertain cell lineage and tumors with primitive small round cell morphology are often characterized by a unique immunohistochemical phenotype. In this group of tumors, immunohistochemistry is most widely applied and is of greatest value. Despite the rapid development of molecular genetic techniques, immunohistochemistry still remains the most important diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors aside from recognition of morphologic features and clinical correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Heim-Hall
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, Mail Code #7750, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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