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Stanzione N, Ahmed T, Fung PC, Cai D, Lu DY, Sumida LC, Moatamed NA. The continual impact of the Paris System on urine cytology, a 3‐year experience. Cytopathology 2019; 31:35-40. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Stanzione
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Tagreed Ahmed
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Po Chu Fung
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Diancai Cai
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA
| | - David Y. Lu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Lauren C. Sumida
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Neda A. Moatamed
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA
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2
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No influence of smoking status on the performance of urine markers for the detection of bladder cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1367-1373. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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3
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Botti G, Malzone MG, La Mantia E, Montanari M, Vanacore D, Rossetti S, Quagliariello V, Cavaliere C, Di Franco R, Castaldo L, Ametrano G, Cappuccio F, Romano FJ, Piscitelli R, Pepe MF, D'Aniello C, Facchini G. ProEx C as Diagnostic Marker for Detection of Urothelial Carcinoma in Urinary Samples: A Review. Int J Med Sci 2017. [PMID: 28638271 PMCID: PMC5479124 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold standard for the detection of urothelial carcinoma is represented by urethro-cystoscopy and biopsy. Both procedures are invasive and expensive and therefore cytology is often used as first approach to investigate on a possible neoplasia, being a safe and cost-effective diagnostic modality of evaluation. Because cytology alone is not highly sensitive for detection of low grade urothelial carcinoma and recurrence of the disease, several adjunct markers and urine based tests for urothelial carcinoma have been developed, which can help in the final diagnosis. In particular, ProEx C is an immunohistochemical cocktail containing antibodies direct against topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) and minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) proteins. It proved to be a valid biomarker especially in detecting squamous intraepithelial lesions in cervical liquid-based samples and in discerning these lesions from their mimickers, as well as in ovarian, endometrial, vulvar, primary and metastatic melanomas, breast, pancreatic and renal cell carcinomas. This brief review covers the effective utility of ProEx C as adjunct tool in assessing the urothelial lesions in urine cytology, also providing prognostic and therapeutic information to help in clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Botti
- Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Malzone
- Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.,Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Elvira La Mantia
- Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.,Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Micaela Montanari
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Vanacore
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossetti
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cavaliere
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Franco
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ametrano
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappuccio
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Psicology Unit, National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Jacopo Romano
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Piscitelli
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pharmacy Unit, National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Filomena Pepe
- Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.,Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Aniello
- Progetto ONCONET 2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.R.N. dei COLLI "Ospedali Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO", Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
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Sweeney SK, Luo Y, O'Donnell MA, Assouline J. Nanotechnology and cancer: improving real-time monitoring and staging of bladder cancer with multimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Cancer Nanotechnol 2016; 7:3. [PMID: 27217840 PMCID: PMC4846680 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-016-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite being one of the most common cancers, bladder cancer is largely inefficiently and inaccurately staged and monitored. Current imaging methods detect cancer only when it has reached “visible” size and has significantly disrupted the structure of the organ. By that time, thousands of cells will have proliferated and perhaps metastasized. Repeated biopsies and scans are necessary to determine the effect of therapy on cancer growth. In this report, we describe a novel approach based on multimodal nanoparticle contrast agent technology and its application to a preclinical animal model of bladder cancer. The innovation relies on the engineering core of mesoporous silica with specific scanning contrast properties and surface modification that include fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast. The overall dimensions of the nano-device are preset at 80–180 nm, depending on composition with a pore size of 2 nm. Methods To facilitate and expedite discoveries, we combined a well-known model of bladder cancer and our novel technology. We exposed nanoparticles to MB49 murine bladder cancer cells in vitro and found that 70 % of the cells were labeled by nanoparticles as measured by flow cytometry. The in vivo mouse model for bladder cancer is particularly well suited for T1- and T2-weighted MRI. Results Under our experimental conditions, we demonstrate that the nanoparticles considerably improve tumor definition in terms of volumetric, intensity and structural characteristics. Important bladder tumor parameters can be ascertained, non-invasively, repetitively, and with great accuracy. Furthermore, since the particles are not biodegradable, repetitive injection is not required. This feature allows follow-up diagnostic evaluations during cancer treatment. Changes in MRI signals show that in situ uptake of free particles has predilection to tumor cells relative to normal bladder epithelium. The particle distribution within the tumors was corroborated by fluorescent microscopy of sections of excised bladders. In addition, MRI imaging revealed fibrous finger-like projections into the tumors where particles insinuated themselves deeply. This morphological characteristic was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Conclusions These findings may present new options for therapeutic intervention. Ultimately, the combination of real-time and repeated MRI evaluation of the tumors enhanced by nanoparticle contrast may have the potential for translation into human clinical studies for tumor staging, therapeutic monitoring, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean K Sweeney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, 1402 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA ; NanoMedTrix, LLC, 2500 Crosspark Road, Suite E119, Coralville, IA 52241-4710 USA
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 3204 Medical Education Research Facility, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Michael A O'Donnell
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Jose Assouline
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, 1402 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA ; NanoMedTrix, LLC, 2500 Crosspark Road, Suite E119, Coralville, IA 52241-4710 USA
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5
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Truta A, Popon TAH, Saraci G, Ghervan L, Pop IV. Novel non invasive diagnostic strategies in bladder cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 89:187-92. [PMID: 27152066 PMCID: PMC4849373 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide, derived from the urothelium of the urinary bladder and defined by long asymptomatic and atypical clinical picture. Its complex etiopathogenesis is dependent on numerous risk factors that can be divided into three distinct categories: genetic and molecular abnormalities, chemical or environmental exposure and previous genitourinary disorders and family history of different malignancies. Various genetic polymorphisms and microRNA might represent useful diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Genetic and molecular abnormalities - risk factors are represented by miRNA or genetic polymorphisms proved to be part of bladder carcinogenesis such as: genetic mutations of oncogenes TP53, Ras, Rb1 or p21 oncoproteins, cyclin D or genetic polymorhisms of XPD,ERCC1, CYP1B1, NQO1C609T, MDM2SNP309, CHEK2, ERCC6, NRF2, NQO1Pro187Ser polymorphism and microRNA (miR-143, −145, −222, −210, −10b, 576-3p). The aim of our article is to highlight the most recent acquisitions via molecular biomarkers (miRNAs and genetic polymorphisms) involved in bladder cancer in order to provide early diagnosis, precise therapy according to the molecular profile of bladder tumors, as well as to improve clinical outcome, survival rates and life quality of oncological patients. These molecular biomarkers play a key role in bladder carcinogenesis, clinical evolution, prognosis and therapeutic response and explain the molecular mechanisms involved in bladder carcinogenesis; they can also be selected as therapeutic targets in developing novel therapeutic strategies in bladder malignancies. Moreover, the purpose in defining these molecular non invasive biomarkers is also to develop non invasive screening programs in bladder malignancies with the result of decreasing bladder cancer incidence in risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Truta
- Medical Genetics Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Research Center of Functional Genomics Biomedicine &Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; I. Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - George Saraci
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviu Ghervan
- Urology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Clinical Institute of Urology and Kidney Transplant Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Victor Pop
- Medical Genetics Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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6
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Shimada K, Fujii T, Tatsumi Y, Anai S, Fujimoto K, Konishi N. Ubiquilin2 as a novel marker for detection of urothelial carcinoma cells in urine. Diagn Cytopathol 2015; 44:3-9. [PMID: 26303000 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquilin 2 (UBQLN2), an ubiquitin-related protein, is strongly expressed in urothelial carcinoma cells, in contrast to no or less expression in non-neoplastic cells; it protects cancer cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether UBQLN2 immunostaining, using liquid-based cytology sample could improve the accuracy of cytological urine diagnosis. METHODS Two-hundred and forty-five urinary samples, including 143 negative controls and 102 urothelial carcinomas, consisting of 42 low-grade and 60 high-grade urothelial carcinomas, were used for immunocytochemical analysis of UBQLN2. RESULTS Urothelial carcinoma cells were positive for UBQLN2-staining, while non-neoplastic cells, including renal tubular cells and degenerative atypical cells, were negative. Interestingly, percentage of nuclear stain immunopositive for UBQLN2 was significantly higher in carcinoma cells with high grade/invasive phenotype than in those with low grade/noninvasive phenotype. UBQLN2 immunostaining had an overall sensitivity of 87.6%, specificity of 98.6%, positive predictive value of 97.8% and negative predictive value of 92.8% for the detection of urothelial carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS UBQLN2 immunostaining is a practical test for urine cytology, even in samples with few cells, with slight atypia or severe degenerative changes. In addition, it allows prediction of tumor grade and stage by examining the cellular localization of UBQLN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujii
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tatsumi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Noboru Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
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Chang S, Smith E, Levin M, Rao JY, Moatamed NA. Comparative study of ProEx C immunocytochemistry and UroVysion fluorescent in-situ hybridization assays on urine cytology specimens. Cytojournal 2015; 12:2. [PMID: 25685171 PMCID: PMC4325383 DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.149845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Detection of urothelial carcinoma (UC) by urine cytology can be challenging. Recently, ProEx C has been studied as a marker to improve detection of UC. ProEx C is an assay targeting expression of topoisomerase IIa and minichromosome maintenance protein-2 and is currently utilized to assist in diagnoses of the gynecological specimens. In this study, we compared the utility of ProEx C and UroVysion in urine specimens. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven urine specimens with UroVysion assay analysis and surgical biopsy follow-up were selected. The smears were stained with ProEx C. ProEx C and UroVysion assay results were separated into two categories based on surgical biopsy follow-up (benign or neoplastic). Surgical biopsy diagnoses were used as the gold standard for comparative evaluation of the two assays. The surgical follow-up was 9 benign, 2 low grade, and 16 high grade UCs. Results: The sensitivity was 88.9% for ProEx C and 55.6% for UroVysion, while the specificity was 77.8% for ProEx C and 44.4% for UroVysion. Positive predictive value was 88.9% for ProEx C and 66.7% for UroVysion. Negative predictive value was 77.8% and 33.3% for ProEx C and UroVysion, respectively. Using the two-tailed paired t-test, P value of 0.033 was obtained when ProEx C stain was compared with the UroVysion assay. Conclusion: ProEx C immunocytochemistry has a more favorable performance than fluorescent in-situ hybridization with a significant difference between the two assays using paired two-tail t-test (P = 0.0033).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Chang
- Address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elaine Smith
- Address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mary Levin
- Address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jian-Yu Rao
- Address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Neda A Moatamed
- Address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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