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Jackson SE, Shahab L, Brown J. Examining the influence of tobacco control mass media campaign expenditure on the association between motivation to stop smoking and quit attempts: A prospective study in England. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107744. [PMID: 37126918 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether expenditure on national tobacco control mass media campaigns moderates the association between motivation to stop smoking and future quit attempts. METHOD Data were from 2601 people who smoke participating in a population survey with 12-month follow-up between April 2015 and February 2021. We used logistic regression to test associations of (i) baseline level of motivation to stop smoking, (ii) mean monthly tobacco control mass media campaign expenditure in England between baseline and follow-up, and (iii) their interaction, on past-year quit attempts assessed at 12-month follow-up. Covariates included age, sex, occupational social grade, and region. RESULTS Between baseline and follow-up, 38.6% of participants made a quit attempt. Each one-point increase in baseline motivation to stop smoking was associated with 1.37 times greater odds (95%CI = 1.31-1.43) of making a quit attempt over 12-month follow-up. Each one standard deviation increase in tobacco control mass media expenditure between baseline and 12-month follow-up was associated with 13% greater odds of making a quit attempt (95%CI = 1.05-1.23). There was no significant interaction between mass media expenditure and motivation to stop on quit attempts (OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.97-1.05); the data provided strong evidence for the null (Bayes factors = 0.07 and 0.04 based on expected effect sizes of OR = 1.5 and OR = 0.67, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among people who smoke, self-reported level of motivation to stop strongly predicted whether they made a quit attempt in the subsequent year. Increased expenditure on tobacco control mass media campaigns was associated with increased quit attempts. The association between motivation and quit attempts did not differ according to tobacco control mass media expenditure over this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; SPECTRUM Consortium, UK.
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK; SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
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Dutra LM, Farrelly MC, Bradfield B, Mekos D, Jones C, Alexander T. Awareness of and receptivity to FDA's point-of-sale tobacco public education campaign. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288462. [PMID: 37440511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess awareness of and receptivity to FDA's point-of-sale (POS) tobacco public education campaign for adult cigarette smokers called Every Try Counts; it was the first multi-county POS campaign in the U.S. The design was a county-level treatment-control three-wave longitudinal design. The setting was 15 treatment and 15 control counties. Subjects were smokers ages 25 to 54 (N = 3,628). 4,145 individuals screened in as eligible; 3,628 (87.5% response rate) completed the Wave 1 questionnaire (Wave 2: n = 2,812; Wave 3: n = 2,571; retention 70.9%). Measures were self-reported brand and ad awareness (saw any ad a few times or more) and receptivity (5-item perceived effectiveness scale). The analysis included descriptive analyses of receptivity; bivariate analyses of awareness by treatment group; and covariate- and time-adjusted logistic regression models to determine changes in awareness attributable to the campaign. Receptivity was moderate and differed significantly by race/ethnicity. As was the case for all waves, at wave 3, ad awareness was significantly higher in treatment (53.3%) than control counties (36.1%, p < .05). In regression models, brand (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.26-1.86) and ad (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.39-2.16) awareness were significantly higher in treatment than control counties. Every Try Counts generated a moderate level of receptivity and attention from cigarette smokers. Limitations include self-reports of campaign awareness and generalizability to a small number of U.S. counties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Dutra
- Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy, RTI International, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew C Farrelly
- Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy, RTI International, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brian Bradfield
- Center for Health Analytics, Media, and Policy, RTI International, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Debra Mekos
- Center for Tobacco Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chaunetta Jones
- Center for Tobacco Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tesfa Alexander
- Public Health Systems Innovation and Transformation, MITRE Corporation, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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The Impact of the Tips from Former Smokers® Campaign on Reducing Cigarette Smoking Relapse. J Smok Cessat 2022; 2022:3435462. [PMID: 36568904 PMCID: PMC9708364 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3435462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based mass-reach health communication campaigns can increase tobacco cessation, use of cessation resources such as quitlines, and change tobacco-related social norms. These interventions have been associated with a lower likelihood of cigarette smoking relapse in studies conducted internationally; however, no studies have assessed this outcome for a national campaign in the United States. This study examined the relationship between Tips from Former Smokers® (Tips®) campaign exposure and the odds of cigarette smoking relapse among adults who formerly smoked. Using data from the 2014 to 2019 Tips longitudinal campaign surveys, we estimated first episode of relapse (versus remaining a former smoker) as a function of Tips gross rating points (GRPs, a measure of media exposure). Higher levels of Tips GRPs were associated with lower odds of relapse (aOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50-0.78). These results suggest that the Tips campaign may reduce smoking relapse, in addition to the established effect of increasing smoking cessation. Former smokers can be considered a secondary target audience for smoking cessation mass media campaigns, and mass media campaigns could be considered a component of smoking relapse prevention efforts.
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Wang Y, Duan Z, Emery SL, Weaver SR, Self-Brown SR, Ashley DL, Huang J. Intentions and Attempts to Quit Smoking Among Sexual Minoritized Adult Smokers After Exposure to the Tips From Former Smokers Campaign. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2211060. [PMID: 35532934 PMCID: PMC9086838 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.11060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Significant disparities exist in smoking behaviors by sexual minority status in the US. OBJECTIVE To examine potential differences in the associations between exposure to the Tips From Former Smokers (Tips) campaign and intentions and attempts to quit smoking by sexual minority status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used data from the wave 5 survey of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. Data from 8072 adults who were currently established cigarette smokers were collected from December 2018 to November 2019 and analyzed in August 2021. The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study is an ongoing cohort study representative of the noninstitutionalized US population. Sample weights were applied to account for the complex sampling strategies. EXPOSURES Dichotomized self-reported frequent Tips exposure (often and very often) and infrequent exposure (never, rarely, and sometimes). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes were intention to quit within 12 months, any serious quit attempts in the past 12 months, and number of serious quit attempts in the past 12 months. Multivariate logistic and ordinal logistic regressions were used to estimate the weighted associations between exposure and each outcome. Interactions between Tips exposure and sexual minority status were examined to explore potential differences. RESULTS A total of 8072 participants (mean [SD] age, 44.7 [14.8] years; 3888 [53.2%] male; 4962 [67.4%] non-Hispanic White; and 915 [9.5%] sexual minoritized individuals [ie, those who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or another minoritized sexual identity]) were included. Frequent Tips exposure was associated with higher odds of quit intentions and attempts overall (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.07-1.46 for intention to quit within 12 months; aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.47 for serious quit attempts in the past 12 months; and aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06-1.44 for number of serious quit attempts in the past 12 months). These associations were significantly stronger for heterosexual smokers than sexual minoritized smokers, as indicated by the significant interaction terms (aOR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.96 for intention to quit within 12 months; aOR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.24-0.70 for serious quit attempts in the past 12 months; and aOR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.24-0.67 for number of serious quit attempts in the past 12 months). Subgroup analysis showed that heterosexual smokers who reported frequent Tips exposure were more likely to intend to quit within 12 months (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10-1.53), have had any serious quit attempts in the past 12 months (aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13-1.58), and have had more serious quit attempts (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12-1.54) than heterosexual smokers who reported infrequent exposure. In contrast, there was no association for sexual minoritized smokers (aOR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.52-1.30 for intention to quit within 12 months; aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.39-1.07 for serious quit attempts in the past 12 months; and aOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.38-1.00 for number of serious quit attempts in the past 12 months). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that significant differences exist in the associations between Tips exposure and quit intentions or attempts by sexual minority status. More targeted campaign content for sexual minoritized smokers may be needed to increase quit intentions and attempts among this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Zongshuan Duan
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Sherry L. Emery
- National Opinion Research Center at University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Scott R. Weaver
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Shannon R. Self-Brown
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - David L. Ashley
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Jidong Huang
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
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McLeary JG, Walcott G, Abel W, Mitchell G, Lalwani K. Prevalence, perceived risk and associated factors of tobacco use amongst young, middle-aged and older adults: analysis of a national survey in Jamaica. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:185. [PMID: 36915416 PMCID: PMC10007706 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.185.36517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction tobacco smoking remains a significant threat to public health. This paper sought to examine the prevalence, perceived risk and the associated factors of current tobacco use amongst Jamaican adults. Methods this study is a secondary data analysis of the Jamaican National Household Survey 2016. The data for this study was extracted from a pre-coded questionnaire using a standardized extraction sheet. Adults were categorized into young adults (18-35), Middle-aged adults (36-55) and Older adults (56 and older) groups. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the prevalence, perceived risk and associated factors of tobacco use among Jamaican adults. Results young adults had the lowest lifetime prevalence of tobacco smoking at 23% yet the highest percentage of current users at 48.3% (p=0.000), with gender being the only significant associated factor. Males were 2.565 times more likely to be current tobacco users than females (p < 0.01). In middle-aged adults, and older adults the highest predictive factor was risk perception. Current tobacco use was 3.375 times higher in middle-aged adults (p=0.044) and 2.815 times higher in older adults with low risk perception (p=0.025). Conclusion four out of 10 Jamaican adult tobacco users are current users. Young adults had significantly fewer mitigating factors to tobacco usage despite being the most prevalent group for current use. Significantly, perception of risk impacted current usage in middle-aged and older adults but not in younger adults. Innovative and targeted approaches are needed in young adults such as incorporating the health and wellness promotion model with tobacco emphasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni-Gaye McLeary
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Geoffrey Walcott
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Wendel Abel
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Gabrielle Mitchell
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Kunal Lalwani
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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Klein EG, Macisco J, Lazard A, Busho A, Oslock A, Worly B. Framing pregnancy-related smoking cessation messages for women of reproductive age. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 12:100290. [PMID: 32637566 PMCID: PMC7330874 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Communicating harms of smoking and benefits of quitting to tobacco users to motivate cessation is critical to reduce the burden of tobacco-related disease. Most messaging strategies focus on health risks of smoking using loss-framing; yet, gain-framed messages to increase confidence in quitting have shown promise for smokers with lower self-efficacy. This study examined the impact of message framing on perceived effectiveness of targeted, pregnancy-related smoking cessation messages among pregnant and not-pregnant smoking women of reproductive age. METHODS An obstetrics-gynecological clinic-based sample of female, current smokers of reproductive age (18-44 years old) was recruited during January to May 2019 (n = 135). Participants self-reported ratings for 10 pregnancy-related cessation messages (half gain-framed) on a validated perceived effectiveness scale. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering by message themes. RESULTS Gain-framed messages were rated significantly higher (0.20; p < 0.01) compared to loss-framed messages for perceived effectiveness, after accounting for quit intentions, self-efficacy to quit, health literacy, cessation risk perceptions, nicotine dependence, and pregnancy status. CONCLUSIONS Gain-framed health messages about cessation were deemed to be more effective than loss-framed messages among adult female smokers. Targeted, positively framed messages to highlight the benefits of quitting to women of reproductive age show promise as a strategy to promote smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Klein
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joseph Macisco
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Allison Lazard
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Audrey Busho
- College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Austin Oslock
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brett Worly
- College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Murphy-Hoefer R, Davis KC, King BA, Beistle D, Rodes R, Graffunder C. Association Between the Tips From Former Smokers Campaign and Smoking Cessation Among Adults, United States, 2012-2018. Prev Chronic Dis 2020; 17:E97. [PMID: 32857030 PMCID: PMC7478162 DOI: 10.5888/pcd17.200052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched the national Tips From Former Smokers (Tips) campaign to encourage people who smoke to quit by showing real-life heath consequences of tobacco use and promoting evidence-based resources for quitting. To assess the campaign's impact on quit attempts and sustained-quit estimates (ie, quits lasting ≥6 mos), CDC analyzed data from a nationally representative longitudinal survey of US adults who smoke cigarettes, aged 18 years or older in 2012-2018. The Tips campaign was associated with an estimated 16.4 million quit attempts and 1,005,419 sustained quits. Continued implementation of cessation campaigns, including the Tips campaign, could accelerate progress toward reducing rates of smoking-related diseases and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Murphy-Hoefer
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Research, Evaluation and Technical Assistance Team, Health Communications Branch, Office on Smoking or Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341. E-mail:
| | - Kevin C Davis
- Center for Health Policy Science and Tobacco Research, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Brian A King
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Diane Beistle
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert Rodes
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Corinne Graffunder
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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