Detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle presented for slaughter at Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, Nigeria

Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies and risk factors in dairy cattle in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a disease that affects cattle and other ruminants worldwide and causes considerable economic losses. A cross-sectional study was carried out between December 2017 and July 2018 with the aim to estimate the prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV) antibodies and to identify potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease in dairy cattle in peri-urban areas of Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 339 serum samples obtained from randomly selected dairy cattle aged 6 months and older were assayed using a BVDV antibody competitive-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) kit. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate antibody prevalence of BVDV at animal and herd-level and logistic regression was used to identify potential risk factors. The study findings showed that the animal-level antibody prevalence of BVDV in the study area was 26.84 % (95 % CI: 22.1 %-31.6 %) and the herd-level seroprevalence was 68.3 % (95 % CI: 56.2 %-80.4 %). Logistic regression model demonstrated that age >2 years (OR = 4.75, 95 % CI: 2.20-10.26), herd size >11 (OR = 7.28, 95 % CI: 2.50-21.22), and poor farm hygiene (OR = 3.69, 95 % CI: 1.94-7.02), are potential risk factors associated with BVDV infection (P < 0.05). However, sex, faecal consistency and housing system were not associated with BVDV serostatus. The animal- and herd-level seroprevalence reports in Northwest Ethiopia can serve as a baseline finding for future BVD epidemiological investigations and to inform future control programs in the study region.

Modeling the potential risk factors of bovine viral diarrhea prevalence in Egypt using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses

Aim

The present cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and potential risk factors associated with Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) disease in cattle and buffaloes in Egypt, to model the potential risk factors associated with the disease using logistic regression (LR) models, and to fit the best predictive model for the current data.

Materials and Methods

A total of 740 blood samples were collected within November 2012-March 2013 from animals aged between 6 months and 3 years. The potential risk factors studied were species, age, sex, and herd location. All serum samples were examined with indirect ELIZA test for antibody detection. Data were analyzed with different statistical approaches such as Chi-square test, odds ratios (OR), univariable, and multivariable LR models.

Results

Results revealed a non-significant association between being seropositive with BVDV and all risk factors, except for species of animal. Seroprevalence percentages were 40% and 23% for cattle and buffaloes, respectively. OR for all categories were close to one with the highest OR for cattle relative to buffaloes, which was 2.237. Likelihood ratio tests showed a significant drop of the -2LL from univariable LR to multivariable LR models.

Conclusion

There was an evidence of high seroprevalence of BVDV among cattle as compared with buffaloes with the possibility of infection in different age groups of animals. In addition, multivariable LR model was proved to provide more information for association and prediction purposes relative to univariable LR models and Chi-square tests if we have more than one predictor.