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Cook AM, Patuzzi RB. One mechanism of sudden sensorineural hearing loss after sildenafil and sexual activity. Int J Audiol 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38949065 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2024.2368577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A case of sudden sensorineural hearing loss following use of sildenafil was examined in detail over a period of three days from first report to recovery. DESIGN Case study. The subject presented with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and diplacusis a day after onset. Testing involved detailed interview, standard audiometry, detailed inter-octave audiometry, and measurement of detailed psychophysical frequency tuning curves during a two day recovery period. STUDY SAMPLE One male aged in his thirties with otherwise normal hearing. RESULTS Although standard audiometry was within normal limits, detailed inter-octave audiometry and psychophysical frequency tuning curves were consistent with a punctate unilateral intra-cochlear lesion that resolved over a period of three days. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of such a frequency-specific audiometric shift and diplacusis after sildenafil, and is not consistent with previous reports of direct ototoxic pharmacological effects. We propose that the lesion was most likely caused by a cochlear bleed, and may have been due to physical exertion rather than a direct pharmaceutical effect. The study highlights the important role of additional diagnostic testing that can be easily achieved in a clinical setting with minimal equipment.
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Morsi DS, Barnawi IO, Ibrahim HM, El-Morsy AM, El Hassab MA, Abd El Latif HM. Immunomodulatory, apoptotic and anti-proliferative potentials of sildenafil in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma murine model: In vivo and in silico insights. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110135. [PMID: 37080065 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Sildenafil is a potent phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor that effectively inhibits cGMP and increases the strength of nitric oxide. PDE5 was overexpressed in several carcinomas, including breast cancer, which inhibited tumor growth and cell division. The current research aims to investigate the in vivo sildenafil's immunomodulatory and antineoplastic potentials against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma. This study looked at the effects of sildenafil mono-treatment and co-treatment with cisplatin; tumor cell count, viability and the inhibition rate were determined. Apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, alterations in tumor cells and splenocytes proliferation, changes in splenocytes immunophenotyping using flowcytometry, plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), interferone (IFN)-γ, granzyme B, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine and hematological alterations were detected. Additionally, docking study was conducted to get further insights on how Sildenafil exerts its activity. Sildenafil mono-treatment and co-treatment with cisplatin markedly reduced tumor cell count, viability, growth rate and proliferative capability accompanied by apoptosis enhancement and G0/G1 and sub G1 cells cycle arrest. Fortunately, sildenafil evoked efficient cellular immune response by increasing plasma levels of granzyme B and IFN-γ, proportion of splenic T cytotoxic (CD3+CD8+) and T helper (CD3+CD4+), accompanied by decrease in the proportion of splenic regulatory T cells. . Moreover, in silico data suggest LcK and MAPKs as the potential targets of sildenafil. Furthermore, sildenafil rebalanced the oxidant-antioxidant status by decreasing MDA and increasing GSH plasma levels. Sildenafil successfully retrieved various hematological values besides renal and hepatic functions in EAC-bearing animals. In conclusion, our results suggest that sildenafil could be potential safe anti-tumor agent with immuno-modulatory properties against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia S Morsi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom 32511, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim O Barnawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany M Ibrahim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M El-Morsy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A El Hassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Heba M Abd El Latif
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom 32511, Egypt
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Norell PN, Ivarsson B, Selin M, Kjellström B. Prevalence of potential drug‐drug interactions with disease specific treatments in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension – a registry study. Pulm Circ 2022; 12:e12114. [PMID: 36203946 PMCID: PMC9306325 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypharmacy increases the risk of drug–drug interactions that may disturb treatment effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of codispensing of potentially interacting or contraindicated drugs related to PH‐specific treatment in the Swedish pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) population. All prescribed drugs, on an individual level, dispensed 2016–2017 at pharmacies to patients with PAH or CTEPH were obtained from The National Board of Health and Welfare's pharmaceutical registry. Potential drug–drug interactions were investigated using the Drug Interaction tool in the IBM Micromedex® database. There were 4785 different dispensed drugs from 572 patients (mean age 61 ± 16 years, 61% female, mean number of drugs per patient 8.4 ± 4.2) resulting in 1842 different drug combinations involving a PH‐specific treatment. Of these drug combinations, 67 (3.5%) had a potential drug–drug interaction considered clinically relevant and it affected 232 patients (41%). The PH‐specific drugs with the highest number of potential drug–drug interactions was bosentan (n = 23, affected patients = 171) while the most commonly codispensed, potentially interacting drug combination was sildenafil/furosemide (119 patients affected). Other common codispensed and potentially interacting drugs were anticoagulants (n = 11, affected patients = 100) and antibiotic treatment (n = 12, affected patients = 26). In conclusion, codispensing of PH‐specific therapy and potentially interacting drugs was common, but codispensing of potentially contraindicated drugs was rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puck N. Norell
- Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Bodil Ivarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Lund, Cardiothoracic Surgery, and Medicine Services University Trust, Region Skåne Lund Sweden
| | - Maria Selin
- Heart Centre Cardiology, Umeå University Hospital Umeå Sweden
| | - Barbro Kjellström
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Clinical Physiology and Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the current literature regarding associations between phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and ototoxicity and provides a detailed summary and discussion of the findings. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for studies published from database inception through March 21, 2018. STUDY SELECTION Basic science articles, epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case reports, reviews, meta-analyses, press releases, and newsletters were included. The PRISMA search strategy was used to select papers. Search terms are included in the appendix (http://links.lww.com/MAO/A733). RESULTS Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Among case reports, there were a total of nine patients, all male, with an average age of 57.4 years (37-79 years, SD = 13.87 years). Of the cases of hearing loss, 25% (2/8 cases) were bilateral and 75% (6/8) were unilateral; 22% (2/9) were associated with tinnitus; and 33% (3/9) had accompanying vestibular symptoms (including vertigo and dizziness). Among multipatient studies, all prospective studies failed to find a significant association between ototoxicity and PDE-5 inhibitor use. Results of the retrospective studies were also heterogeneous. Many key molecules in the PDE-5 inhibition pathway have been demonstrated to exist in the cochlea. However, mirroring the clinical studies, the basic science mechanisms have suggested both ototoxic and otoprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS Currently, the literature is inconclusive regarding the interaction between PDE-5 inhibitor use and ototoxicity. Future study such as a double-blinded placebo controlled randomized trial with audiometric assessment would provide more sound evidence. Similarly, a unified molecular model is necessary.
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Barbieri MA, Cicala G, Cutroneo PM, Mocciaro E, Sottosanti L, Freni F, Galletti F, Arcoraci V, Spina E. Ototoxic Adverse Drug Reactions: A Disproportionality Analysis Using the Italian Spontaneous Reporting Database. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1161. [PMID: 31649536 PMCID: PMC6791930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The panorama of drug-induced ototoxicity has widened in the last decades; moreover, post-marketing data are necessary to gain a better insight on ototoxic adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The aim of this study was to perform an analysis of ADR reports describing drug-induced ototoxicity from the Italian spontaneous reporting system (SRS). Methods: As a measure of disproportionality, we calculated the reporting odds ratios (RORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with a case/non-case methodology. Cases were all suspected ADR reports regarding drug-induced ototoxicity collected into the Italian SRS from 2001 to 2017. Non-cases included all other ADRs reported in the same period. Results: Of 325,980 reports, 652 included at least one ototoxic ADR, compared with 325,328 non-cases. Statistically significant adjusted RORs were found for drugs for cardiovascular disorders, urologicals, teriparatide, amikacin, prulifloxacin, rifampicin and isoniazid, cisplatin, hormone antagonists, tacrolimus, pomalidomide, tramadol, and antidepressants. Significant adjusted RORs in relation to tinnitus were also observed for doxazosin (ROR 5.55, 95% CI 2.06–14.93), bisoprolol (4.28, 1.59–11.53), nebivolol (8.06, 3.32–19.56), ramipril (3.96, 2.17–7.23), irbesartan (19.60, 9.19–41.80), betamethasone (4.01, 1.28–12.52), moxifloxacin (4.56, 1.71–12.34), ethambutol (12.25, 3.89–38.57), efavirenz (16.82, 5.34–52.96), sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (5.95, 1.90–18.61), etoposide (7.09, 2.63–19.12), abatacept (6.51, 2.42–17.53), indometacin (6.30, 2.02–19.72), etoricoxib (5.00, 2.23–11.23), tapentadol (4.37, 1.09–17.62), and timolol combinations (23.29, 9.53–56.95). Moreover, significant adjusted RORs for hypoacusis regarded clarithromycin (3.95, 1.86–8.40), azithromycin (10.23, 5.03–20.79), vancomycin (6.72, 2.14–21.11), methotrexate (3.13, 1.00–9.81), pemetrexed (4.38, 1.40–13.76), vincristine (5.93, 1.88–18.70), vinorelbine (21.60, 8.83–52.82), paclitaxel (2.34, 1.03–5.30), rituximab (3.20, 1.19–8.63), interferon alfa-2b (17.44, 8.56–35.53), thalidomide (16.92, 6.92–41.38), and deferasirox (41.06, 20.07–84.01). Conclusions: This study is largely consistent with results from literature. Nevertheless, propafenone, antituberculars, hormone antagonists, teriparatide, tramadol, and pomalidomide are unknown for being ototoxic. Hypoacusis after the use of vinorelbine, methotrexate, and pemetrexed is unexpected, such as tinnitus related with etoposide, nebivolol, betamethasone, abatacept, sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, and tapentadol, but these considerations require further investigation to better define the risk due to the paucity of data. Moreover, physicians should be aware of the clinical significance of ototoxicity and be conscious about the importance of their contribution to spontaneous reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Cicala
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Maria Cutroneo
- Sicilian Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mocciaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Freni
- Department of Adult and Developmental Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Galletti
- Department of Adult and Developmental Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arcoraci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Edoardo Spina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Ostroumova OD, Chikh EV, Rebrova EV, Ryazanova AY, Pereverzev AP. [Drug-induced hearing loss as a manifestation of drug-induced ototoxicity]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2019; 84:72-80. [PMID: 31579063 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20198404172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability of drugs to have an ototoxic effect has been studied for a long time, however, the true prevalence of this undesirable phenomenon is unknown, which is due to the use of various audiological protocols, a wide range of reactions to drugs in different ethnic groups, and most importantly, the lack of caution with regard to otological symptoms due to their reversibility or lack of immediate threat to life. Drug-induced ototoxicity is a functional disorder of the inner ear (cochlea and/or vestibular apparatus) or eighth pair of cranial nerves. Pharmacotherapy, associated with the development of ototoxic drug reactions, may remain undervalued for a long time, often until irreversible hearing impairment is formed. The most frequently prescribed drugs that cause ototoxic phenomena include anticancer drugs, antibacterial drugs of the aminoglycoside group, loop diuretics, calcium channel blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antimalarial drugs, salicylates, etc. Monitoring the degree of hearing impairment before and during therapy is important in preventing the development of drug-induced ototoxicity and makes it possible to consider alternative treatment regimens in a timely manner. It is in this connection that the role of participation in the appointment of rational pharmacotherapy to patients with a potential risk of developing otological phenomena of a clinical pharmacologist and audiologist undoubtedly increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Ostroumova
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia, 119991; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education 'N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University' of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E V Chikh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - E V Rebrova
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - A Yu Ryazanova
- Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Moscow, Russia, 129226 ,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Intensive Therapy with the course of clinical pharmacology of CVF, clinical allergology of the Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, 400131
| | - A P Pereverzev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education 'N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University' of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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Wester JL, Ishiyama G, Karnezis S, Ishiyama A. Sudden hearing loss after cialis (tadalafil) use: A unique case of cochlear hydrops. Laryngoscope 2018; 128:2615-2618. [PMID: 30208203 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We discuss a unique case of sudden sensorineural hearing loss after Cialis (tadalafil) use, a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, and the implication of ipsilateral cochlear hydrops seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We report a case of a 53-year-old male with unilateral low-frequency sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) after ingestion of tadalafil. The SSNHL occurred 1 day after ingestion and was associated with aural fullness and tinnitus. There were no symptoms of vertigo. He received oral prednisone immediately after the onset of hearing loss without improvement. Delayed intravenous contrast-enhanced three-dimensional Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI revealed ipsilateral dilation of the cochlear duct without any hydronic change in the vestibular system. Acetazolamide therapy was initiated, and his symptoms improved. A posttreatment audiogram revealed an increase in threshold of 15 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of cochlear hydrops visualized on imaging after a PDE5 inhibitor induced SSNHL. Tadalafil and other PDE5 inhibitors have a known association with SSNHL. Despite several proposed mechanisms, there is inconclusive evidence of a causal relationship. Our presented case suggests that cochlear hydrops may be one possible mechanism of PDE5 inhibitor-associated SSNHL. MRI should be considered in the evaluation of such patients who do not respond to oral steroids as initial treatment. Laryngoscope, 2615-2618, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Wester
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Gail Ishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Stellios Karnezis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
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Liu W, Antonelli PJ, Dahm P, Gerhard T, Delaney JAC, Segal R, Crystal S, Winterstein AG. Risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in adults using phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors: Population-based cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018; 27:587-595. [PMID: 29512263 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the study was to determine the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database including adult men who initiated a PDE5 inhibitor (n = 377,722) and 1,957,233 nonusers between 1998 and 2007. Periods of drug exposure were assessed on a weekly basis based on pharmacy billing records, assuming use of 1 dose per week (current use). Incident sudden SNHL was defined based on inpatient or outpatient visits with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 389.1x, 389.2x, or 388.2 plus ≥2 procedure codes for audiometric hearing testing within ±30 days of sudden SNHL diagnosis. We used age- and propensity score-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the risk of sudden SNHL during periods of current or recent use compared with that of nonuse. We conducted sensitivity analyses by varying the assumed drug utilization frequency and sudden SNHL case definition. RESULTS We evaluated 1233 sudden SNHL cases, resulting in an incidence of 4.35, 5.58, and 2.38 per 10,000 person-years for current, recent, and nonuse of PDE5 inhibitors, respectively. Compared with nonuse, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.25 (1.01-1.55) for current use with a risk difference of 1.97 (1.12-2.82) per 10,000 person-years. For recent use, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.60 (1.33-1.94) and risk difference was 3.19 (2.24-4.14). Estimates were consistent across the sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Use of PDE5 inhibitors is associated with a small but significantly increased risk of sudden SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Patrick J Antonelli
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Philipp Dahm
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tobias Gerhard
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph A C Delaney
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard Segal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Crystal
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Almut G Winterstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Mittal R, Bencie N, Shaikh N, Mittal J, Liu XZ, Eshraghi AA. Role of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases in Inner Ear and Hearing. Front Physiol 2017; 8:908. [PMID: 29163231 PMCID: PMC5677782 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nicole Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Noah Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Adrien A Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Tee BH, Hoe SZ, Cheah SH, Lam SK. Effects of Root Extracts of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on Corpus Cavernosum of Rat. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:258-265. [PMID: 28226311 PMCID: PMC5588405 DOI: 10.1159/000464363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms of action of Eurycoma longifolia in rat corpus cavernosum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tincture of the roots was concentrated to dryness by evaporating the ethanol in vacuo. This ethanolic extract was partitioned into 5 fractions sequentially with hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The corpus cavernosum relaxant activity of each fraction was investigated. The DCM fraction which showed the highest potency in relaxing phenylephrine-precontracted corpora cavernosa was purified by column chromatography. The effects of the most potent DCM subfraction in relaxing phenylephrine-precontracted corpora cavernosa, DCM-I, on angiotensin I- or angiotensin II-induced contractions in corpora cavernosa were investigated. The effects of DCM-I pretreatment on the responses of phenylephrine-precontracted corpora cavernosa to angiotensin II or bradykinin were also studied. An in vitro assay was conducted to evaluate the effect of DCM-I on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. RESULTS Fraction DCM-I decreased the maximal contractions (100%) evoked by angiotensin I and angiotensin II to 30 ± 14% and 26 ± 16% (p < 0.001), respectively. In phenylephrine-precontracted corpora cavernosa, DCM-I pretreatment caused angiotensin II to induce 82 ± 27% relaxation of maximal contraction (p < 0.01) and enhanced (p < 0.001) bradykinin-induced relaxations from 47 ± 8% to 100 ± 5%. In vitro, DCM-I was able to reduce (p < 0.001) the maximal angiotensin-converting enzyme activity to 78 ± 0.24%. CONCLUSION Fraction DCM-I was able to antagonize angiotensin II-induced contraction to cause corpus cavernosum relaxation via inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and enhance bradykinin-induced relaxation through inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sau Kuen Lam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gauvin DV, Yoder JD, Tapp RL, Baird TJ. Small Compartment Toxicity: CN VIII and Quality of Life: Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Balance Disorders. Int J Toxicol 2017; 36:8-20. [PMID: 27194512 DOI: 10.1177/1091581816648905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Life experiences, industrial/environmental exposures, and administration of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs may have unintended but detrimental effects on peripheral and central auditory pathways. Most relevant to the readership of this journal is the role that drug treatments approved by the FDA as safe and effective appear to interact with 3 independent modes of toxicity within the small compartment of the ear. What may seem to be trivial drug-induced toxicity has the potential to change important measures of quality of life and functional capacity of mid- to late-life patients. Drugs meant to treat can become the source of interference in the activities of daily living, and as a result, treatment compliance may be jeopardized. Ototoxicity has been defined as the tendency of certain therapeutic agents and other chemical substances to cause functional impairments and cellular degeneration of the tissues of the inner ear resulting in hearing loss. However, one of the largest contributors to hospitalizations is fall-related injuries in the elderly patients associated with disorders of vestibular function linked to progressive and drug-induced toxicities. Tinnitus affects 35 to 50 million adults representing approximately 25% of the US population, with 12 million seeking medical care and 2 to 3 million reporting symptoms that were severely debilitating. This review is intended to highlight these targets of neurotoxicity that threaten the usefulness of drug treatments deemed safe and effective prior to access by the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Gauvin
- Neurobehavioral Sciences, MPI Research Inc, Mattawan, MI, USA
| | - Joshua D Yoder
- Neurobehavioral Sciences, MPI Research Inc, Mattawan, MI, USA
| | - Rachel L Tapp
- Neurobehavioral Sciences, MPI Research Inc, Mattawan, MI, USA
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Gauvin DV, Abernathy MM, Tapp RL, Yoder JD, Dalton JA, Baird TJ. The failure to detect drug-induced sensory loss in standard preclinical studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 74:53-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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