Tiger nut/coconut dietary intervention as antidotal nutritional remediation strategy against neurobehavioural deficits following organophosphate-induced gut-brain axis dysregulation in mice

Organophosphate poisoning remains a global health crisis without efficacious treatments to prevent neurotoxicity. We examined whether antidotal tiger nut and coconut dietary intervention could ameliorate neurobehavioral deficits from organophosphate dichlorvos-induced gut-brain axis dysregulation in a mouse model. Mice were divided into groups given control diet, dichlorvos-contaminated diets, or dichlorvos plus nut-enriched diets. They were exposed to a DDVP-contaminated diet for 4 weeks before exposure to the treatment diets for another 8 weeks. This was followed by behavioural assessments for cognitive, motor, anxiety-, and depressive-like behaviours. Faecal samples (pre- and post-treatment), as well as blood, brain, and gut tissues, were collected for biochemical assessments following euthanasia. Dichlorvos-exposed mice displayed impairments in cognition, motor function, and mood along with disrupted inflammatory and antioxidant responses, neurotrophic factor levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity in brain and intestinal tissues. Weight loss and altered short-chain fatty acid levels additionally indicated gut dysfunction. However, intervention with tiger nut and/or coconut- enriched diet after dichlorvos exposure attenuated these neurobehavioral, and biochemical alterations. Our findings demonstrate organophosphate-induced communication disruptions between the gut and brain pathways that manifest in neuropsychiatric disturbances. Overall, incorporating fibre-rich nuts may represent an antidotal dietary strategy to reduce neurotoxicity and prevent brain disorders associated with organophosphate poisoning.

Investigating the Effect of Fresh Frozen Plasma and Albumin on DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Poisoning Cases by Organophosphates

The efficacy of albumin and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and their effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress has been evaluated. In a randomized clinical control trial, 33 poisoned patients by Organophosphate (OP) were enrolled in the research and divided into three groups. The first group underwent conventional treatments by atropine and pralidoxime (control group); the second and third groups, in addition to traditional treatments, received albumin and FFP. Cholinesterase (ChE) enzyme activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum thiol groups (TTG), malonyl aldehyde (MDA) and DNA damage were measured in all treatment and control groups. Patients were matched in terms of demographic characteristics at the beginning of the study. ChE activity was increased in all three groups during treatment, which was more noticeable in the FFP group and was statistically significant in both albumin and FFP group compared to the control group (p<0.05). TAC increased, and TTG decreased in FFP and albumin groups compared to the control group; no significant difference was observed. MDA decreased in albumin and FFP and was significantly different in the FFP group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The amount of DNA damage in FFP and albumin groups decreased, and there was a significant difference compared to the control group (p<0.05). According to the results of this study, due to the decrease of oxidative damage parameters and the increase of antioxidant parameters in albumin and specially FFP groups, FFP may be considered as an adjunctive treatment for OP poisoning.