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Masuda T, Takamori H, Ogata KI, Ogawa K, Shimizu K, Karashima R, Nitta H, Matsumoto K, Okino T, Baba H. The Success Rate Is Lower but Completion Rate of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Is higher in Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage than Percutaneous Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2024; 34:413-418. [PMID: 38940254 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the success and complication rates of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) and percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) and the outcomes of subsequent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. METHODS Patients (N=178) who underwent cholecystectomy after ETGBD or PTGBD were retrospectively assessed. RESULTS ETGBD was successful in 47 (85.5%) of 55 procedures, whereas PTGBD was successful in 123 (100%) of 123 sessions ( P <0.001). Complications related to ETGBD and PTGBD occurred in 6 (12.8%) of 47 and 16 (13.0%) of 123 patients, respectively ( P =0.97). After propensity matching, 43 patients from each group were selected. Median time from drainage to cholecystectomy was 48 (14 to 560) days with ETGBD and 35 (1 to 90) days with PTGBD ( P =0.004). Laparoscopy was selected more often in the ETGBD group (97.7%) than in the PTGBD group (79.1%) ( P =0.007), and conversion from laparoscopy to open cholecystectomy was more common with PTGBD (41.2%) than with ETGBD (7.1%) ( P <0.001). Mean operation time was significantly shorter with ETGBD (135.8±66.7 min) than with PTGBD (195.8±62.2 min) ( P <0.001). The incidence of Clavien-Dindo grade ≥III postoperative complications was 9.3% with ETGBD and 11.6% with PTGBD ( P =0.99). CONCLUSIONS The success rate is lower but completion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is more in endoscopic gallbladder drainage than percutaneous gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Minami-ku
| | | | - Ken-Ichi Ogata
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Minami-ku
| | - Katsuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Minami-ku
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Minami-ku
| | | | - Hidetoshi Nitta
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Minami-ku
| | | | - Tetsuya Okino
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Minami-ku
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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Sagami R, Mizukami K, Sato T, Nishikiori H, Murakami K. Strategy Comparison of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage to Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage, Following Failed Emergent Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7034. [PMID: 38002649 PMCID: PMC10671954 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) is recommended for patients with acute cholecystitis at high risk for surgery/percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD). Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) has higher success and mortality rates than ETGBD. Optimal endoscopic drainage remains controversial. Patients with moderate/severe acute cholecystitis and high risk for surgery/PTGBD who underwent ETGBD were enrolled. In the new-ETGBD (N-ETGBD)/traditional-ETGBD (T-ETGBD) strategy, patients in whom the initial ETGBD failed underwent rescue-EUS-GBD in the same endoscopic session/rescue-PTGBD, respectively. Therapeutic outcomes were compared. Patients who could not undergo rescue-EUS-GBD/PTGBD owing to poor general conditions received conservative treatment. Technical success was defined as successful ETGBD or successful rescue-EUS-GBD/PTGBD. Forty-one/forty patients were enrolled in the N-ETGBD/T-ETGBD groups, respectively. The N-ETGBD group had a higher, though non-significant, technical success rate compared to the T-ETGBD group (97.6 vs. 90.0%, p = 0.157). The endoscopic technical success rate was significantly higher in the N-ETGBD than in the T-ETGBD group (97.6 vs. 82.5%, p = 0.023). The clinical success/adverse event rates were similar between both groups. The hospitalization duration was significantly shorter in the N-ETGBD than in the T-ETGBD group (6.6 ± 3.9 vs. 10.1 ± 6.4 days, p < 0.001). ETGBD with EUS-GBD as a rescue backup may be an ideal hybrid drainage for emergency endoscopic gallbladder drainage in high-risk surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oita San-ai Medical Center, 1213 Oaza Ichi, Oita 870-1151, Japan; (R.S.); (T.S.); (H.N.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasamacho, Yufu 879-5593, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiro Mizukami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasamacho, Yufu 879-5593, Japan;
| | - Takao Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oita San-ai Medical Center, 1213 Oaza Ichi, Oita 870-1151, Japan; (R.S.); (T.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Hidefumi Nishikiori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oita San-ai Medical Center, 1213 Oaza Ichi, Oita 870-1151, Japan; (R.S.); (T.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasamacho, Yufu 879-5593, Japan;
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De Angelis CG, Dall’Amico E, Staiano MT, Gesualdo M, Bruno M, Gaia S, Sacco M, Fimiano F, Mauriello A, Dibitetto S, Canalis C, Stasio RC, Caneglias A, Mediati F, Rocca R. The Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Endoscopic Ultrasound Connection: Unity Is Strength, or the Endoscopic Ultrasonography Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Concept. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3265. [PMID: 37892086 PMCID: PMC10606726 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are both crucial for the endoscopic management of biliopancreatic diseases: the combination of their diagnostic and therapeutic potential is useful in many clinical scenarios, such as indeterminate biliary stenosis, biliary stones, chronic pancreatitis and biliary and pancreatic malignancies. This natural and evident convergence between EUS and ERCP, which by 2006 we were calling the "Endoscopic ultrasonography retrograde colangiopancreatography (EURCP) concept", has become a hot topic in the last years, together with the implementation of the therapeutic possibilities of EUS (from EUS-guided necrosectomy to gastro-entero anastomoses) and with the return of ERCP to its original diagnostic purpose thanks to ancillary techniques (extraductal ultrasound (EDUS), intraductal ultrasound (IDUS), cholangiopancreatoscopy with biopsies and probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE)). In this literary review, we retraced the recent history of EUS and ERCP, reported examples of the clinical applicability of the EURCP concept and explored the option of performing the two procedures in only one endoscopic session, with its positive implications for the patient, the endoscopist and the health care system. In the last few years, we also evaluated the possibility of combining EUS and ERCP into a single endoscopic instrument in a single step, but certain obstacles surrounding this approach remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Giovanni De Angelis
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Eleonora Dall’Amico
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Maria Teresa Staiano
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Marcantonio Gesualdo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Mauro Bruno
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Silvia Gaia
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Marco Sacco
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Federica Fimiano
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Anna Mauriello
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Simone Dibitetto
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Chiara Canalis
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Rosa Claudia Stasio
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Alessandro Caneglias
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Federica Mediati
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.G.)
| | - Rodolfo Rocca
- Gastroenterology Department, Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy
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Garg S, Dutta U, Chaluvashetty SB, Kumar KH, Kalra N, Sahni D, Aggarwal A. The anatomy of the cystic duct and its association with cholelithiasis: MR Cholangiopancreatographic study. Clin Anat 2022; 35:847-854. [PMID: 35316537 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of this article are to detail the anatomy of the cystic duct in patients with and without gallstones as it relates to maneuvering of the duct during endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder cannulation, and to elucidate its role in the dynamics of bile flow during gallbladder contraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred MRCPs were retrieved from the prospectively maintained radiology data system to assess the configuration of the cystic duct and its confluence vis-a-vis the main biliary duct. RESULTS The configuration of the cystic duct was broadly classified into four types: Angular (44%), Linear (40%), Spiral (11%) and Complex (5%). The level of emergence of the cystic duct from the bile duct was proximal in 29%, middle in 49% and distal in 20%. Its direction from the bile duct was to the right and angled upward in 69%, right and angled downward in 15%, left and angled upward in 13%, and left and angled downward in 1%. Its orifice was on the lateral surface of the bile duct in 50%, posterior in 19%, anterior in 15% and medial in 14%. In two cases, the cystic duct opened directly into the duodenum. Tortuous cystic ducts and non-lateral unions with the bile duct were significantly more prevalent in gallstone cases than the non-gallstone group (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The present study details the spatial anatomy of the cystic duct vis a vis the main biliary duct. This has not been well investigated to date but has become increasingly relevant with the advent of recent gallbladder interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shallu Garg
- Department of Anatomy, St. John's Medical College affiliated to RGUHS, Bengaluru, India
| | - Usha Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreedhara B Chaluvashetty
- Department of Radio diagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Hemanth Kumar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Manipal hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Naveen Kalra
- Department of Radio diagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Daisy Sahni
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Kawahara S, Tomoda T, Kato H, Ueki T, Akimoto Y, Harada R, Toji T, Okada H. Accuracy of Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage with Liquid-Based Cytology for Gallbladder Disease. Digestion 2022; 103:116-125. [PMID: 34736261 DOI: 10.1159/000519250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gallbladder carcinoma is often difficult to distinguish from benign gallbladder diseases. While the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGD) has been reported, these results were obtained retrospectively. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the cytological diagnostic accuracy of ETGD in patients with gallbladder disease. METHODS This single-arm prospective clinical trial included a total of 35 patients scheduled to undergo ETGD between March 2017 and September 2019. A 5F pigtail nasobiliary drainage tube was inserted into the gallbladder, and bile was collected over 5 times; if ETGD failed, a drainage tube was placed into the bile duct. The endpoints were, first, the cytological diagnostic accuracy of ETGD and, second, technical success rates and adverse events. RESULTS Of the 35 patients, 19 were finally diagnosed with gallbladder cancer. The success rate of ETGD tube insertion was 85.7%, and the morphological pattern of the cystic duct with the angle down and located on the right side had a significantly lower success rate for ETGD than that of other cystic duct patterns (odds ratio, 13.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-143.7; p = 0.02). Cytological samples were collected 5 times on median. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in all patients were 78.9%, 100%, and 88.6%, respectively, while those in 30 patients with successful ETGD were 87.5%, 100%, and 93.3%, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 3 patients: mild pancreatitis in 1 patient and obstructive jaundice in 2 patients; all complications were resolved with conservative therapy. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS Cytology using an ETGD tube is useful in differentiating benign and malignant gallbladder diseases (Clinical Trial Registry No. UMIN000026929).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Kawahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan,
| | - Takeshi Tomoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hironari Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Ueki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuyama City Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Akimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Iwakuni Clinical Center, Iwakuni, Japan
| | - Ryo Harada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Toji
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Kim GH, Kwon KA, Park DH, Han J. Editors' Choice of Noteworthy Clinical Endoscopy Publications in the First Decade. Clin Endosc 2021; 54:633-640. [PMID: 34510862 PMCID: PMC8505185 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2021.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a special review to celebrate the 10th anniversary of Clinical Endoscopy. Each deputy editor has selected articles from one’s subspecialty that are significant in terms of the number of downloads, citations, and clinical importance. The articles included original articles, review articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Ha Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Kwang An Kwon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimin Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Götzberger M, Nüssler N, Braden B, Dietrich CF, Müller T. [Acute Cholecystitis in high-risk surgical patients: sonographic and endoscopic treatment options]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2021; 59:983-990. [PMID: 34507376 DOI: 10.1055/a-1540-8019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystectomy is the gold standard in the treatment of acute cholecystitis, but has a significantly increased risk in multimorbid patients or in the severe course of acute cholecystitis. In such cases, drainage of the damaged gallbladder in combination with antibiotic therapy may be superior to primary surgery. The drainage can either be performed as sonographically guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage or as EUS-guided transmural stent placement or endoscopic-transpapillary gallbladder drainage. These minimally invasive alternatives to cholecystectomy can be used both as long-term therapy for permanently inoperable patients and temporarily for patients in whom the cholecystectomy is intended after improvement of the general condition. In this overview, the various drainage methods are discussed with regard to technical requirements, immediate and long-term clinical results and complications. With advances in stent design, EUS-guided transmural stent placement from the stomach or duodenum into the gallbladder is becoming the preferred method of gallbladder drainage in centers with the appropriate expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Götzberger
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, München Klinik Neuperlach und Harlaching, München, Germany
| | - Natascha Nüssler
- Klinik für Allgemein - und Viszeralchirurgie, München Klinik Neuperlach, München, Germany
| | - Barbara Braden
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM) Kliniken Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Müller
- Medizinische Klinik II, St Josefs Hospital Wiesbaden GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany
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Sobani ZA, Ling C, Rustagi T. Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:1425-1435. [PMID: 32588249 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mainstay of management of acute cholecystitis has been surgical, with percutaneous gallbladder drainage in patients deemed high risk for surgical intervention. Endoscopic management of acute cholecytitis with transpapillary and transmural drainage of the gall bladder is emerging as a viable alternative in high-risk surgical patients. In this article, we discuss the background, current status, technical challenges and strategies to overcome them, adverse events, and outcomes of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage for management of acute cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain A Sobani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Christina Ling
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Tarun Rustagi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Gulati R, Rustagi T. Bouncing off the balloon: A new trick for selective cystic duct cannulation. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2020; 28:e8-e10. [PMID: 32372502 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Selective cannulation of the cystic duct for endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage can be challenging in cases with a caudally branching cystic duct. Gulati and Rustagi describe a novel and simple technique in which a guidewire is bounced off a stone extraction balloon and redirected into the cystic duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Gulati
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tarun Rustagi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Wu CCH, Khor CJL. Intraductal Ultrasonography Can Enhance the Success of Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis. Clin Endosc 2020; 53:114-116. [PMID: 32252503 PMCID: PMC7137569 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2020.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clement Chun Ho Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Christopher Jen Lock Khor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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