Endoscopic Sclerotherapy with Aluminum Potassium Sulfate and Tannic Acid: An Effective and Less Invasive Strategy for Internal Hemorrhoids

Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA) sclerotherapy for hemorrhoidal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

We conducted a systematic review to assess the safety and efficacy of Aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA) sclerotherapy for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease.

METHODS

Our study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) 2020. Primary endpoints included overall recurrence and type of recurrence while secondary endpoints included postoperative complications, reintervention, presence of rectal ulcer, rectal stricture, defecation abnormalities and perianal abscess. Α regression analysis, where the percentage of patients with grade II, III and IV hemorrhoidal disease was used as a covariate, was also performed.

RESULTS

Twelve studies with 4249 patients met all the inclusion criteria and were eventually included. The crude and pooled estimates of the overall recurrence and complications by the end of follow-up were 10% (95% CI, 6.52%-14.08%) and 5.20% (95% CI, 2.59%-8.52%), respectively. Regression analysis displayed no correlation between recurrence and the grade of hemorrhoid disease II, β= -0.0012 (95% CI, -0.0074 to 0.0049) (p = .64), grade III β= -0.0006 (95% CI, -0.0056 to 0.0045) (p = .79) and grade IV β = 0.0025 (95% CI, -0.0075 to 0.0124). However, a trend suggestive of increased recurrence was observed in patient populations with a higher proportion of grade IV disease.

CONCLUSION

ALTA sclerotherapy may be a safe and viable alternative for patients with hemorrhoidal disease. Long-term follow-up and high-quality randomized controlled trials will help define the place of ALTA sclerotherapy in the armamentarium of treatment of hemorrhoids.

Progress in Endoscopic Treatment of Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are one of the most common diseases of the anorectal region. Previously, treatment for hemorrhoids included conservative treatment, outpatient treatment, and surgical treatment. The development of flexible reversible endoscopes has provided precise controllability and imaging, enabling further improvement and development of various endoscopic techniques to treat hemorrhoids. This article discusses several of these endoscopic techniques: rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, and electrocoagulation. The development, efficacy, and advantages of these treatments are summarized and evaluated. It is expected that going forward, endoscopic technology will be further applied in clinical practice and may become the first-line method for the treatment of hemorrhoids.