Clinical Features and Predictors of Dysplasia in Proximal Sessile Serrated Lesions

Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of colorectal sessile serrated lesions with or without dysplasia/carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to compare the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) with dysplasia/carcinoma (SSLD/Cs) and SSLs without dysplasia in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for relevant studies published up to August 28, 2023. The primary outcome was lesion size in SSLD/Cs and SSLs without dysplasia. The secondary outcomes included risk of dysplasia/carcinoma, morphology (classified based on the Paris classification), and lesion features such as mucus cap and nodules/protrusions in the two groups.

RESULTS

Thirteen studies with 14 381 patients were included. The proportion of SSLD/Cs ≥10 mm was significantly higher than that of SSLs without dysplasia (odds ratio [OR] 3.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-12.02, p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the risk of dysplasia/carcinoma between the proximal (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.57-1.14) and distal colon (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.88-1.77, p = 0.21). The 0-Ip (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.50-4.09) and 0-IIa + Is (OR 10.38, 95% CI 3.08-34.98) morphologies were more prevalent among SSLD/Cs, whereas the 0-IIa morphology (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.22-0.65) was more prevalent among SSLs without dysplasia (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, mucus cap (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42-0.89, p = 0.01) was more common among SSLs without dysplasia, whereas nodules/protrusions (OR 7.80, 95% CI 3.07-19.85, p < 0.001) were more common in SSLD/Cs.

CONCLUSION

SSLs >10 mm, 0-Ip or 0-IIa + Is morphologies, and those with nodules/protrusions are significantly associated with dysplasia/carcinoma.

Microvesicular hyperplastic polyp and sessile serrated lesion of the large intestine: a biological continuum or separate entities?

The range of lesions with a serrated appearance within the large intestine has expanded and become more complex over the last 30 years. The majority of these were previously known as metaplastic polyps but are today called hyperplastic polyps (HPs). HPs show two main growth patterns: microvesicular and goblet cell-rich. The former type shows morphological and molecular similarities (eg, BRAF mutations) to the more recently described sessile serrated lesion (SSL). In this review, we debate whether these lesions represent a biological spectrum or separate entities. Whichever view is held, microvesicular HPs and SSLs are distinct from the goblet cell-rich HP and the traditional serrated adenoma (TSA), which may themselves share molecular changes (eg, KRAS mutations), with the goblet cell-rich HP representing a precursor to the TSA. Both SSLs and the goblet cell-rich HP-TSA pathway are routes to colorectal cancer within the serrated pathway and overlaps between them can occur, for example, a (BRAF-mutated) TSA may arise from an SSL.

Korean Guidelines for Postpolypectomy Colonoscopic Surveillance: 2022 revised edition

Colonoscopic polypectomy is effective in decreasing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Premalignant polyps discovered during colonoscopy are associated with the risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia. Postpolypectomy surveillance is the most important method for managing advanced metachronous neoplasia. A more efficient and evidence-based guideline for postpolypectomy surveillance is required because of the limited medical resources and concerns regarding colonoscopy complications. In these consensus guidelines, an analytic approach was used to address all reliable evidence to interpret the predictors of CRC or advanced neoplasia during surveillance colonoscopy. The key recommendations state that the high-risk findings for metachronous CRC following polypectomy are as follows: adenoma ≥10 mm in size; 3 to 5 (or more) adenomas; tubulovillous or villous adenoma; adenoma containing high-grade dysplasia; traditional serrated adenoma; sessile serrated lesion containing any grade of dysplasia; serrated polyp of at least 10 mm in size; and 3 to 5 (or more) sessile serrated lesions. More studies are needed to fully comprehend the patients who are most likely to benefit from surveillance colonoscopy and the ideal surveillance interval to prevent metachronous CRC.

Impact of looping on premalignant polyp detection during colonoscopy

BACKGROUND

The presence of premalignant polyps on colonoscopy is an indicator of metachronous colorectal cancer. Looping during colonoscopy is associated with old age, female sex, and colonoscopy insertion time. However, the clinical significance of looping is not fully understood. We aimed to clarify the effect of looping on colorectal premalignant polyp detection.

AIM

To assess the effects of looping on premalignant polyp detection using logistic regression analyses.

METHODS

We retrospectively investigated patients who underwent colonoscopy at Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic between May, 2017 and October, 2020. From the clinic’s endoscopy database, we extracted data on patient age, sex, endoscopist-assessed looping, colonoscopy duration, endoscopist experience, detection rate, and number of premalignant polyps.

RESULTS

We assessed 12259 patients (mean age, 53.6 years; men, 50.7%). Looping occurred in 54.3% of the patients. Mild and severe looping were noted in 4399 and 2253 patients, respectively. The detection rates of adenomas, advanced adenomas, high-risk adenomas, clinically significant serrated polyps (CSSPs), and sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) were 44.7%, 2.0%, 9.9%, 8.9% and 3.5%, respectively. The mean numbers of adenomas and SSLs were 0.82 and 0.04, respectively. The detection rates of adenomas, high-risk adenomas, and CSSPs increased with looping severity (all P < 0.001). The number of adenomas increased with looping severity (P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses found that detection of adenomas, high-risk adenomas, and CSSPs was associated with severe looping (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.007, respectively) regardless of age, sex, time required for colonoscope insertion and withdrawal, and endoscopist experience.

CONCLUSION

Looping severity was independently associated with high detection rates of premalignant polyps. Therefore, looping may predict the risk of metachronous colorectal cancer. Endoscopists should carefully examine the colorectum of patients with looping.

Korean guidelines for postpolypectomy colonoscopic surveillance: 2022 revised edition

Colonoscopic polypectomy is effective in decreasing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Premalignant polyps discovered during colonoscopy are associated with the risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia. Postpolypectomy surveillance is the most important method for the management of advanced metachronous neoplasia. A more efficient and evidence-based guideline for postpolypectomy surveillance is required because of limited medical resources and concerns regarding colonoscopy complications. In these consensus guidelines, an analytic approach was used to address all reliable evidence to interpret the predictors of CRC or advanced neoplasia during surveillance colonoscopy. The key recommendations state that the high-risk findings for metachronous CRC following polypectomy are as follows: (1) adenoma ≥10 mm in size; (2) 3 to 5 (or more) adenomas; (3) tubulovillous or villous adenoma; (4) adenoma containing high-grade dysplasia; (5) traditional serrated adenoma; (6) sessile serrated lesion (SSL) containing any grade of dysplasia; (7) serrated polyp of at least 10 mm in size; and (8) 3 to 5 (or more) SSLs. More studies are needed to fully comprehend the patients most likely to benefit from surveillance colonoscopy and the ideal surveillance interval to prevent metachronous CRC.

[Korean Guidelines for Postpolypectomy Colonoscopic Surveillance: 2022 Revised Edition]

Colonoscopic polypectomy is effective in decreasing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Premalignant polyps discovered during colonoscopy are associated with the risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia. Postpolypectomy surveillance is the most important method for managing advanced metachronous neoplasia. A more efficient and evidence-based guideline for postpolypectomy surveillance is required because of the limited medical resources and concerns regarding colonoscopy complications. In these consensus guidelines, an analytic approach was used to address all reliable evidence to interpret the predictors of CRC or advanced neoplasia during surveillance colonoscopy. The key recommendations state that the high-risk findings for metachronous CRC following polypectomy are as follows: 1) adenoma ≥10 mm in size; 2) 3-5 (or more) adenomas; 3) tubulovillous or villous adenoma; 4) adenoma containing high-grade dysplasia; 5) traditional serrated adenoma; 6) sessile serrated lesion (SSL) containing any grade of dysplasia; 7) serrated polyp of at least 10 mm in size; and 8) 3-5 (or more) SSLs. More studies are needed to fully comprehend the patients who are most likely to benefit from surveillance colonoscopy and the ideal surveillance interval to prevent metachronous CRC.