1
|
Traxler HK, Kaplan BA, Rzeszutek MJ, Franck CT, Koffarnus MN. Interest in and perceived effectiveness of contingency management among alcohol drinkers using behavioral economic purchase tasks. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 31:127-139. [PMID: 35708948 PMCID: PMC10103538 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Contingency management (CM), in which financial incentives are provided upon verification of abstinence from alcohol, cigarettes, and/or illicit substances, is one of the most highly effective and empirically supported treatments for substance use disorders. However, the financial cost of implementation has been identified as a major barrier to implementation of this treatment. The purpose of this study was to develop behavioral economic purchase tasks to assess interest in CM as a function of treatment cost and perceived effectiveness of CM as a function of abstinence incentive size in alcohol drinkers. Alcohol drinkers recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) completed behavioral economic purchase tasks measuring demand for CM based on targeted abstinence intervals and treatment effectiveness and alcohol use disorder severity assessments. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was used to fit demand curves and assess the relationship between individual characteristics and demand metrics for CM. Results reveal that participants reported higher probability of remaining abstinent from drinking when offered larger incentives and required larger incentives when duration of abstinence required to earn the incentive was increased. Additionally, willingness to pay for treatment increased as effectiveness of treatment increased. Abstinence interval and treatment effectiveness are important features to consider when developing effective CM for widespread use, as these variables affected participants' likelihood of being abstinent and their interest in treatment. Future work will validate these assessments with actual treatment outcomes and determine predictors of CM treatment effectiveness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
2
|
Molina MF, Hall SM, Stitzer M, Kushel M, Chakravarty D, Vijayaraghavan M. Contingency management to promote smoking cessation in people experiencing homelessness: Leveraging the electronic health record in a pilot, pragmatic randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278870. [PMID: 36525405 PMCID: PMC9757562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is disproportionately high among people experiencing homelessness (PEH). Contingency management (CM) is a strategy that has shown considerable efficacy for smoking cessation and has been used in short-term studies of smoking abstinence in PEH. We describe a pilot, pragmatic randomized controlled trial protocol, which leverages an electronic health record (EHR) infrastructure to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an extended CM intervention to improve long-term abstinence in PEH. METHODS We will conduct the study at three safety-net clinics in San Francisco among 90 adults experiencing homelessness who smoke cigarettes currently and have a desire to quit. We will encourage all participants to receive smoking cessation services that include behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy through their clinics. We will randomly assign participants to an extended CM intervention group with escalating incentives contingent on abstinence or to a control group with fixed incentives for attending study visits. We will use the EHR to recruit participants, track receipt of counseling and pharmacotherapy during clinical care, and communicate with providers on participants' progress. CM participants will get escalating incentives for demonstration of carbon monoxide-verified abstinence over 6 months, with a total possible earnings of $475. Control participants will receive a fixed incentive of $5 for attending study visits, totaling $125. We will conduct the carbon-monoxide verified abstinence assessments-which will determine CM incentive amounts-daily during week 1, bi-weekly through week 4, weekly through week 13, and monthly through week 24. Measures of feasibility and acceptability, both quantitative and qualitative, will include assessments of screening and recruitment, adherence to study visits, engagement in smoking cessation clinical care, retention, and participant satisfaction. One of the primary clinical outcomes will be biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 6 months. We will measure secondary outcomes, which will include 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 2 weeks, 3 and 12 months. DISCUSSION This trial will allow us to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a CM cessation intervention among PEH. The protocol's clinical setting and use of EHRs gives it significant potential for scalability. If found to be feasible, acceptable, and subsequently efficacious in a larger trial, the intervention could reduce tobacco-related health disparities by increasing long-term smoking abstinence among this vulnerable population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04982952. Registered on July 29, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie F. Molina
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Sharon M. Hall
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Maxine Stitzer
- Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Margot Kushel
- Division of Vulnerable Populations, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Deepalika Chakravarty
- Center for Aids Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Maya Vijayaraghavan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bjornestad J, McKay JR, Berg H, Moltu C, Nesvåg S. How often are outcomes other than change in substance use measured? A systematic review of outcome measures in contemporary randomised controlled trials. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 39:394-414. [PMID: 32147903 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ISSUES Recovery is a theoretical construct and empirical object of inquiry. The aim was to review whether outcome measures used in randomised controlled trials of drug treatment reflect a comprehensive conceptualisation of recovery. APPROACH Systematic review using the following databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO. Search returned 6556 original articles and 504 met the following inclusion criteria: randomised controlled trial in English-language peer-reviewed journal; sample meets criteria for drug dependence or drug use disorder; reports non-substance use treatment outcomes. Review protocol registration: PROSPERO (CRD42018090064). KEY FINDINGS 3.8% of the included studies had a follow up of 2 years or more. Withdrawal/craving was present in 31.1% of short-term versus 0% of long-term studies. Social functioning in 8% of short-term versus 36.8% of long-term studies. Role functioning (0.9 vs. 26.3%), risk behaviour (15.6 vs. 36.8%) and criminality (3.8 vs. 21.1%) followed a similar pattern. Housing was not examined short-term and unregularly long-term (2.0%). 'Use of health-care facilities', clinical psychological, behavioural factors were frequently reported. Physiological or somatic health (15.2 vs. 10.5%), motivation (14.2 vs. 15.8%) and quality of life (7.1 vs. 0%) were less frequently reported. CONCLUSION The short time interval of the follow up and lack of information on relevant factors in recovery prevents the development of evidence-based approaches to improve these factors. Particularly, measures of social and role functioning should be added to reflect an adequate conceptualisation of recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jone Bjornestad
- Department of Social Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, District General Hospital of Førde, Førde, Norway
| | - James R McKay
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Henrik Berg
- Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Moltu
- Department of Psychiatry, District General Hospital of Førde, Førde, Norway
| | - Sverre Nesvåg
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ainscough TS, McNeill A, Strang J, Calder R, Brose LS. Contingency Management interventions for non-prescribed drug use during treatment for opiate addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 178:318-339. [PMID: 28688295 PMCID: PMC5558146 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Use of non-prescribed drugs during treatment for opiate addiction reduces treatment success, creating a need for effective interventions. This review aimed to assess the efficacy of contingency management, a behavioural treatment that uses rewards to encourage desired behaviours, for treating non-prescribed drug use during opiate addiction treatment. METHODS A systematic search of the databases Embase, PsychInfo, PsychArticles and Medline from inception to March 2015 was performed. Random effects meta-analysis tested the use of contingency management to treat the use of drugs during opiate addiction treatment, using either longest duration of abstinence (LDA) or percentage of negative samples (PNS). Random effects moderator analyses were performed for six potential moderators: drug targeted for intervention, decade in which the study was carried out, study quality, intervention duration, type of reinforcer, and form of opiate treatment. RESULTS The search returned 3860 papers; 22 studies met inclusion criteria and were meta-analysed. Follow-up data was only available for three studies, so all analyses used end of treatment data. Contingency management performed significantly better than control in reducing drug use measured using LDA (d=0.57, 95% CI: 0.42-0.72) or PNS (d=0.41) (95% CI: 0.28-0.54). This was true for all drugs other than opiates. The only significant moderator was drug targeted (LDA: Q=10.75, p=0.03). CONCLUSION Contingency management appears to be efficacious for treating most drug use during treatment for opiate addiction. Further research is required to ascertain the full effects of moderating variables, and longer term effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom S Ainscough
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, UK.
| | - Ann McNeill
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, UK
| | - John Strang
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Calder
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leonie S Brose
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aletraris L, Shelton JS, Roman PM. Counselor Attitudes Toward Contingency Management for Substance Use Disorder: Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Endorsement of Incentives for Treatment Attendance and Abstinence. J Subst Abuse Treat 2015; 57:41-8. [PMID: 26001821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite research demonstrating its effectiveness, use of contingency management (CM) in substance use disorder treatment has been limited. Given the vital role that counselors play as arbiters in the use of therapies, examination of their attitudes can provide insight into how further use of CM might be effectively promoted. In this paper, we examine 731 counselors' attitudes toward the effectiveness and acceptability of CM in treatment, as well as their specific attitudes toward both unspecified and tangible incentives for treatment attendance and abstinence. Compared to cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and community reinforcement approach, counselors rated CM as the least effective and least acceptable psychosocial intervention. Exposure through the use of CM in a counselor's employing organization was positively associated with perceptions of acceptability, agreement that incentives have a positive effect on the client-counselor relationship, and endorsement of tangible incentives for abstinence. Endorsement of tangible incentives for treatment attendance was significantly greater among counselors with more years in the treatment field, and counselors who held at least a master's degree. Counselors' adaptability or openness to innovations was also positively associated with attitudes toward CM. Further, female counselors and counselors with a greater 12-step philosophy were less likely to endorse the use of incentives. A highlight of our study is that it offers the first specific assessment of the impact of "Promoting Awareness of Motivational Incentives" (PAMI), a Web-based tool based on findings of CM protocols tested within the Clinical Trials Network (CTN), on counselors employed outside the CTN. We found that 10% of counselors had accessed PAMI, and those who had accessed PAMI were more likely to report a higher degree of perceived effectiveness of CM than those who had not. This study lays the groundwork for vital research on the impact of multiple Web-based educational strategies. Given the barriers to CM adoption, identifying predictors of positive attitudes among counselors can help diffuse CM into routine clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Aletraris
- Owens Institute for Behavioral Research, 112 Barrow Hall, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Jeff S Shelton
- Owens Institute for Behavioral Research, 103 Barrow Hall, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Paul M Roman
- Owens Institute for Behavioral Research, 106 Barrow Hall, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kirby KC, Carpenedo CM, Dugosh KL, Rosenwasser BJ, Benishek LA, Janik A, Keashen R, Bresani E, Silverman K. Randomized clinical trial examining duration of voucher-based reinforcement therapy for cocaine abstinence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 132:639-45. [PMID: 23680075 PMCID: PMC3770760 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first study to systematically manipulate duration of voucher-based reinforcement therapy (VBRT) to see if extending the duration increases abstinence during and following VBRT. METHODS We randomized cocaine-dependent methadone-maintained adults to Standard (12 weeks; n=62) or Extended (36 weeks; n=68) VBRT and provided escalating voucher amounts contingent upon urinalysis verification of cocaine abstinence. Urinalysis was scheduled at least every 2 weeks during the 48-week study and more frequently during VBRT (3/week) and 12 weeks of Aftercare (2/week). RESULTS Extended VBRT produced longer durations of continuous cocaine abstinence during weeks 1-24 (5.7 vs 2.7 weeks; p=0.003) and proportionally more abstinence during weeks 24-36 (X(2)=4.57, p=.03, OR=2.18) compared to Standard VBRT. Duration of VBRT did not directly predict after-VBRT abstinence; but longer continuous abstinence during VBRT predicted abstinence during Aftercare (p=0.001) and during the last 12 weeks of the study (p<0.001). Extended VBRT averaged higher monthly voucher costs compared to Standard VBRT ($96 vs $43, p<.001); however, the average cost per week of abstinence attained was higher in the Standard group ($8.06 vs $5.88, p<.001). Participants in the Extended group with voucher costs exceeding $25 monthly averaged 20 weeks of continuous abstinence. CONCLUSIONS Greater abstinence occurred during Extended VBRT, but providing a longer duration was not by itself sufficient to maintain abstinence after VBRT. However, if abstinence can be captured and sustained during VBRT, then providing longer durations may help increase the continuous abstinence that predicts better long-term outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C. Kirby
- Treatment Research Institute, 600 Public Ledger Building, 150 South Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Corresponding Author Contact Details: Kimberly C. Kirby, Ph.D., Treatment Research Institute, 600 Public Ledger Building, 150 S. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, Telephone Number: 1-215-399-0980 x120, Fax Number: 1-215-399-0987,
| | - Carolyn M. Carpenedo
- Treatment Research Institute, 600 Public Ledger Building, 150 South Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA
| | - Karen L. Dugosh
- Treatment Research Institute, 600 Public Ledger Building, 150 South Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Beth J. Rosenwasser
- Treatment Research Institute, 600 Public Ledger Building, 150 South Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA
| | - Lois A. Benishek
- Treatment Research Institute, 600 Public Ledger Building, 150 South Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alicia Janik
- Treatment Research Institute, 600 Public Ledger Building, 150 South Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA
| | - Rachel Keashen
- Treatment Research Institute, 600 Public Ledger Building, 150 South Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA
| | - Elena Bresani
- Treatment Research Institute, 600 Public Ledger Building, 150 South Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA
| | - Kenneth Silverman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Mason F. Lord, Suite 142 West Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Petry NM, Weinstock J, Alessi SM. A randomized trial of contingency management delivered in the context of group counseling. J Consult Clin Psychol 2012; 79:686-96. [PMID: 21806297 DOI: 10.1037/a0024813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contingency management (CM) is efficacious in reducing drug use. Typically, reinforcers are provided on an individual basis to patients for submitting drug-negative samples. However, most treatment is provided in a group context, and poor attendance is a substantial concern. This study evaluated whether adding CM to group-based outpatient treatment would increase attendance and drug abstinence relative to standard care. METHOD Substance abusing patients (N = 239) initiating outpatient treatment at 2 community-based clinics were randomized to standard care with frequent urine sample monitoring for 12 weeks (SC) or that same treatment with CM delivered in the context of group counseling sessions. In the CM condition, patients earned opportunities to put their names in a hat based on attendance and submission of drug-negative samples. At group counseling sessions, therapists selected names randomly from the hat, and individuals whose names were drawn won prizes ranging from $1 to $100. RESULTS Patients assigned to CM earned a median of $160 in prizes, and they attended significantly more days of treatment (d = 0.25), remained in treatment for more continuous weeks (d = 0.40), and achieved longer durations of drug abstinence (d = 0.26) than patients randomized to SC. Group adherence and therapeutic alliance also improved with CM. In addition, HIV risk behaviors were significantly lower in CM relative to SC patients during early phases of treatment and at the 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that CM delivered in the context of outpatient group counseling can increase attendance and improve drug abstinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Petry
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-3944, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kirby KC, Carpenedo CM, Stitzer ML, Dugosh KL, Petry NM, Roll JM, Saladin ME, Cohen AJ, Hamilton J, Reese K, Sillo GR, Stabile PQ, Sterling RC. Is exposure to an effective contingency management intervention associated with more positive provider beliefs? J Subst Abuse Treat 2011; 42:356-65. [PMID: 22116009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This study empirically examined opinions of treatment providers regarding contingency management (CM) programs while controlling for experience with a specific efficacious CM program. In addition to empirically describing provider opinions, we examined whether the opinions of providers at the sites that implemented the CM program were more positive than those of matched providers at sites that did not implement it. Participants from 7 CM treatment sites (n = 76) and 7 matched nonparticipating sites (n = 69) within the same nodes of the National Institute of Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network completed the Provider Survey of Incentives (PSI), which assesses positive and negative beliefs about incentive programs. An intent-to-treat analysis found no differences in the PSI summary scores of providers in CM program versus matched sites, but correcting for experience with tangible incentives showed significant differences, with providers from CM sites reporting more positive opinions than those from matched sites. Some differences were found in opinions regarding costs of incentives, and these generally indicated that participants from CM sites were more likely to see the costs as worthwhile. The results from the study suggest that exposing community treatment providers to incentive programs may itself be an effective strategy in prompting the dissemination of CM interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Kirby
- Treatment Research Institute, 150 S. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA19106, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Amato L, Minozzi S, Davoli M, Vecchi S. Psychosocial combined with agonist maintenance treatments versus agonist maintenance treatments alone for treatment of opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD004147. [PMID: 21975742 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004147.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance treatments are effective in retaining patients in treatment and suppressing heroin use. Questions remain regarding the efficacy of additional psychosocial services. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of any psychosocial plus any agonist maintenance treatment versus standard agonist treatment for opiate dependence SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group trials register (June 2011), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Issue 6, 2011), PUBMED (1996 to 2011); EMBASE (January 1980 to 2011); CINAHL (January 2003 to 2011); PsycINFO (1985 to 2003) and reference list of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trial comparing any psychosocial plus any agonist with any agonist alone for opiate dependence. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS 35 studies, 4319 participants, were included. These studies considered thirteen different psychosocial interventions. Comparing any psychosocial plus any maintenance pharmacological treatment to standard maintenance treatment, results do not show benefit for retention in treatment, 27 studies, 3124 participants, RR 1.03 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.07), abstinence by opiate during the treatment, 8 studies, 1002 participants, RR 1.12 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.37), compliance, three studies, MD 0.43 (95% CI -0.05 to 0.92), psychiatric symptoms, 3 studies, MD 0.02 (-0.28 to 0.31), depression, 3 studies, MD -1.70 (95% CI -3.91 to 0.51) and results at the end of follow up as number of participants still in treatment, 3 studies, 250 participants, RR 0.90 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.07) and participants abstinent by opioid, 3 studies, 181 participants, RR 1.15 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.36). Comparing the different psychosocial approaches, results are never statistically significant for all the comparisons and outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS For the considered outcomes, it seems that adding any psychosocial support to standard maintenance treatments do not add additional benefits. Data do not show differences also for contingency approaches, contrary to all expectations. Duration of the studies was too short to analyse relevant outcomes such as mortality. It should be noted that the control intervention used in the studies included in the review on maintenance treatments, is a program that routinely offers counselling sessions in addition to methadone; thus the review, actually, did not evaluate the question of whether any ancillary psychosocial intervention is needed when methadone maintenance is provided, but the narrower question of whether a specific more structured intervention provides any additional benefit to a standard psychosocial support. These interventions probably can be measured and evaluated by employing diverse criteria for evaluating treatment outcomes, aimed to rigorously assess changes in emotional, interpersonal, vocational and physical health areas of life functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Amato
- Department of Epidemiology, ASL RM/E, Via di Santa Costanza, 53, Rome, Italy, 00198
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ory MG, Smith ML, Mier N, Wernicke MM. The science of sustaining health behavior change: the health maintenance consortium. Am J Health Behav 2010; 34:647-59. [PMID: 20604691 PMCID: PMC3753403 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.34.6.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To enhance understanding of the long-term maintenance of behavior change, as well as effective strategies for achieving sustainable health promotion and disease prevention through the Health Maintenance Consortium (HMC). METHODS This introductory research synthesis prepared by the resource center gives context to this theme issue by providing an overview of the HMC and the articles in this journal. RESULTS It explores the contributions to our conceptualization of behavior change processes and intervention strategies, the trajectory of effectiveness of behavioral and social interventions, and factors influencing the long-term maintenance of behavioral and social interventions. CONCLUSIONS Future directions for furthering the science of maintaining behavior change and reducing the gaps between research and practice are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia G. Ory
- Regents Professor, Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Rural Public Health, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77840, Phone: 979-458-1373, Fax: 979-458-4264
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Research Scientist, Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Rural Public Health, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77840, Phone: 979-845-5788, Fax: 979-458-4264
| | - Nelda Mier
- Associate Professor, Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Rural Public Health, South Texas Center, Associate Professor, 2101 S. McColl Rd., McAllen, TX 78572, Phone: 956-668-6326, Fax: 956-668-6302
| | - Meghan M. Wernicke
- Program Coordinator, Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Rural Public Health, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77840, Phone: 979-458-8099, Fax: 979-458-4264
| |
Collapse
|