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Zheng Y, Chen C, Lu Y, Huang S. Recent advances in electrochemically enabled construction of indoles from non-indole-based substrates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8516-8525. [PMID: 39036971 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Indole motifs are important heterocycles found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and materials. Although there are well-established classical name reactions for indole synthesis, these transformations often require harsh reaction conditions, have a limited substrate scope, and exhibit poor regioselectivity. As a result, organic synthesis chemists have been exploring efficient and practical methods, leading to numerous strategies for synthesizing a variety of functionalized indoles. In recent years, electrochemistry has emerged as an environmentally friendly and sustainable synthetic tool, with widespread applications in organic synthesis. This technology allows for elegant synthetic routes to be developed for the construction of indoles under external oxidant-free conditions. This feature article specifically focuses on recent advancements in indole synthesis from non-indole-based substrates, as well as the mechanisms underlying these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chunxi Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yanju Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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He WB, Tang LL, Jiang J, Li X, Xu X, Yang TB, He WM. Paired Electrolysis Enabled Cyanation of Diaryl Diselenides with KSCN Leading to Aryl Selenocyanates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031397. [PMID: 36771059 PMCID: PMC9919590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The first example of paired electrolysis-enabled cyanation of diaryl diselenides, with KSCN as the green cyanating agent, has been developed. A broad range of aryl selenocyanates can be efficiently synthesized under chemical-oxidant- and additive-free, energy-saving and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Luo-Lin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xinhua Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (W.-M.H.)
| | - Tian-Bao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei-Min He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (W.-M.H.)
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TBAI/H2O-cooperative electrocatalytic decarboxylation coupling-annulation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with N-arylglycines. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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He WB, Zhao SJ, Chen JY, Jiang J, Chen X, Xu X, He WM. External electrolyte-free electrochemical one-pot cascade synthesis of 4-thiocyanato-1H-pyrazoles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Xu S, Yang F, Fan H, Zhao X, Xu Y, Wang S, Zhang X. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)-promoted reduction of azides to amines under metal-free conditions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00341d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and novel metal-free reduction of azides to amines in the presence of DBU is reported. This DBU-promoted transformation features good functional group tolerance and high chemo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuechun Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Chen JY, Li HX, Mu SY, Song HY, Wu ZL, Yang TB, Jiang J, He WM. Electrocatalytic three-component synthesis of 4-halopyrazoles with sodium halide as the halogen source. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8501-8505. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01612e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The first example of the electrocatalytic multicomponent synthesis of 4-chloro/bromo/iodopyrazoles from hydrazines, acetylacetones and sodium halides under chemical oxidant- and external electrolyte-free conditions has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yang Chen
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Si-Yu Mu
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hai-Yang Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Tian-Bao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei-Min He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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