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In Silico Prediction of the Phosphorylation of NS3 as an Essential Mechanism for Dengue Virus Replication and the Antiviral Activity of Quercetin. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101067. [PMID: 34681164 PMCID: PMC8570334 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Dengue is a mosquito-borne virus that infects up to 400 million people worldwide annually. Dengue infection triggers high fever, severe body aches, rash, low platelet count, and could lead to Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in some cases. There is currently no cure, nor a broadly effective vaccine. The interaction of two viral proteins, nonstructural Proteins 3 and 5 (NS3 and NS5), is required for viral replication in the infected host’s cells. Our computational modeling of NS3 suggested that phosphorylation of a serine residue at position 137 of NS3 by a specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) enhances viral replication by increasing the interaction of NS3 and NS5 through structural changes in amino acid residues 49–95. Experimental studies have shown that inhibition of JNK prevents viral replication and have suggested that the plants’ flavonoid Quercetin, Agathis flavone, and Myricetin inhibit Dengue infection. Our molecular simulations revealed that Quercetin binds NS3 and obstructs serine 137 phosphorylation, which may decrease viral replication. This work offers a molecular mechanism that can be used for anti-Dengue drug development. Abstract Dengue virus infection is a global health problem for which there have been challenges to obtaining a cure. Current vaccines and anti-viral drugs can only be narrowly applied in ongoing clinical trials. We employed computational methods based on structure-function relationships between human host kinases and viral nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) to understand viral replication inhibitors’ therapeutic effect. Phosphorylation at each of the two most evolutionarily conserved sites of NS3, serine 137 and threonine 189, compared to the unphosphorylated state were studied with molecular dynamics and docking simulations. The simulations suggested that phosphorylation at serine 137 caused a more remarkable structural change than phosphorylation at threonine 189, specifically located at amino acid residues 49–95. Docking studies supported the idea that phosphorylation at serine 137 increased the binding affinity between NS3 and nonstructural Protein 5 (NS5), whereas phosphorylation at threonine 189 decreased it. The interaction between NS3 and NS5 is essential for viral replication. Docking studies with the antiviral plant flavonoid Quercetin with NS3 indicated that Quercetin physically occluded the serine 137 phosphorylation site. Taken together, these findings suggested a specific site and mechanism by which Quercetin inhibits dengue and possible other flaviviruses.
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Beltran-Hortelano I, Atherton RL, Rubio-Hernández M, Sanz-Serrano J, Alcolea V, Kelly JM, Pérez-Silanes S, Olmo F. Design and synthesis of Mannich base-type derivatives containing imidazole and benzimidazole as lead compounds for drug discovery in Chagas Disease. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113646. [PMID: 34182359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, the most important parasitic infection in Latin America. The only treatments currently available are nitro-derivative drugs that are characterised by high toxicity and limited efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective, less toxic therapeutic agents. We have previously identified the potential for Mannich base derivatives as novel inhibitors of this parasite. To further explore this family of compounds, we synthesised a panel of 69 new analogues, based on multi-parametric structure-activity relationships, which allowed optimization of both anti-parasitic activity, physicochemical parameters and ADME properties. Additionally, we optimized our in vitro screening approaches against all three developmental forms of the parasite, allowing us to discard the least effective and trypanostatic derivatives at an early stage. We ultimately identified derivative 3c, which demonstrated excellent trypanocidal properties, and a synergistic mode of action against trypomastigotes in combination with the reference drug benznidazole. Both its druggability and low-cost production make this derivative a promising candidate for the preclinical, in vivo assays of the Chagas disease drug-discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Beltran-Hortelano
- Universidad de Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pharmacy and Nutrition Faculty, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Richard L Atherton
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Mercedes Rubio-Hernández
- Universidad de Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pharmacy and Nutrition Faculty, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Universidad de Navarra, Pharmacy and Nutrition Faculty, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Verónica Alcolea
- Universidad de Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pharmacy and Nutrition Faculty, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Pérez-Silanes
- Universidad de Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pharmacy and Nutrition Faculty, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Francisco Olmo
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1 7HT, United Kingdom.
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3
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Salem MG, Abdel Aziz YM, Elewa M, Nafie MS, Elshihawy HA, Said MM. Synthesis, molecular modeling, selective aldose reductase inhibition and hypoglycemic activity of novel meglitinides. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104909. [PMID: 33895603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel generation of selective aldose reductase ALR2 inhibitors with significant hypoglycemic activities was designed and modulated based on rhodanine scaffold joined to an acetamide linker in between two lipophilic moieties. The synthesis of the novel compounds was accomplished throughout simple chemical pathways. Molecular docking was performed on B-cell membrane protein SUR1, aldehyde reductase ALR1 and aldose reductase ALR2 active sites. Compounds 10B, 11B, 12B, 15C, 16C, 26F and 27F displayed the highest hypoglycemic activities with 80.7, 85.2, 87, 82.3, 83.5, 81.4 and 85.3% reduction in blood glucose levels, respectively. They were more potent than the standard hypoglycemic agent repaglinide with 65.4% reduction in blood glucose level. Compounds 12B and 15C with IC50 0.29 and 0.35 µM were more potent than the standard ALR2 inhibitor epalrestat with IC50 0.40 µM. They were selective towards ALR2 over ALR1 134 and 116 folds, respectively. Molecular docking studies matched with the in-vitro and in-vivo results to elucidate the dual activities of both compounds 12B and 15C as potent antagonists for ALR2 over ALR1 and good agonists for the SUR1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar G Salem
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yasmine M Abdel Aziz
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522 Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Elewa
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522 Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hosam A Elshihawy
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522 Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Said
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
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4
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Anwar MM, Shalaby M, Embaby AM, Saeed H, Agwa MM, Hussein A. Prodigiosin/PU-H71 as a novel potential combined therapy for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): preclinical insights. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14706. [PMID: 32895397 PMCID: PMC7477571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin, a secondary metabolite red pigment produced by Serratia marcescens, has an interesting apoptotic efficacy against cancer cell lines with low or no toxicity on normal cells. HSP90α is known as a crucial and multimodal target in the treatment of TNBC. Our research attempts to assess the therapeutic potential of prodigiosin/PU-H71 combination on MDA-MB-231 cell line. The transcription and protein expression levels of different signalling pathways were assessed. Treatment of TNBC cells with both drugs resulted in a decrease of the number of adherent cells with apoptotic effects. Prodigiosin/PU-H71 combination increased the levels of caspases 3,8 and 9 and decreased the levels of mTOR expression. Additionally, there was a remarkable decrease of HSP90α transcription and expression levels upon treatment with combined therapy. Also, EGFR and VEGF expression levels decreased. This is the first study to show that prodigiosin/PU-H71 combination had potent cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231 cells; proving to play a paramount role in interfering with key signalling pathways in TNBC. Interestingly, prodigiosin might be a potential anticancer agent to increase the sensitivity of TNBC cells to apoptosis. This study provides a new basis for upcoming studies to overcome drug resistance in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Moustapha Anwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Manal Shalaby
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Institute of Genetic Engineering, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira M Embaby
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hesham Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona M Agwa
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Behooth St, Dokki, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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5
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hCES1 and hCES2 mediated activation of epalrestat-antioxidant mutual prodrugs: Unwinding the hydrolytic mechanism using in silico approaches. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 91:148-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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6
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Salem MG, Aziz YMA, Elewa M, Elshihawy HA, Said MM. Synthesis and molecular modeling of novel non-sulfonylureas as hypoglycemic agents and selective ALR2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3383-3389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Padmapriya P, Gracy Fathima S, Ramanathan G, V Y, A KS, Kaveri K, Gunasekaran P, Tirichurapalli Sivagnanam U, Thennarasu S. Development of antiviral inhibitor against dengue 2 targeting Ns3 protein: In vitro and in silico significant studies. Acta Trop 2018; 188:1-8. [PMID: 30145258 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a severe, widespread disease with more than 2 million diagnosed infections per year. The Dengue virus protease represents a cardinal target for prudent drug design. Among the four serotypes Dengue 2 is known for the occurrence of its frequent epidemics. The new compound inhibited the Dengue-2 in the low-micromolar range in cells. At the moment, protease inhibitors are not actively tried against dengue virus as therapeutic option. We have identified thiosemicarbazones derived phenyl-acetyl ketones as candidate for a novel class of protease inhibitors. Here, we report the selective and non-competitive inhibition of the Dengue virus serotype 2 in vitro and in silico. Molecular docking suggests binding at a specific active site. In addition to the docking assays, few techniques were developed to interpret these molecules's antiviral profile in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Padmapriya
- Biological Material Lab, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - S Gracy Fathima
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Yuvaraj V
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Khaleefathullah Sheriff A
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Kaveri
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Gunasekaran
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Sathiah Thennarasu
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, Tamilnadu, India.
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8
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Salem MG, Abdel Aziz YM, Elewa M, Elshihawy HA, Said MM. Molecular modelling and synthesis of spiroimidazolidine-2,4-diones with dual activities as hypoglycemic agents and selective inhibitors of aldose reductase. Bioorg Chem 2018; 79:131-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Dhanaraj P, Devadas A, Muthiah I. A comparative meta-genomic analysis of HPV strains: A step towards the design, synthesis and characterization of noval quenazoline derivative for antiviral activity. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 73:213-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Díaz-Argelich N, Encío I, Plano D, Fernandes AP, Palop JA, Sanmartín C. Novel Methylselenoesters as Antiproliferative Agents. Molecules 2017; 22:E1288. [PMID: 28767087 PMCID: PMC6152192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) compounds are potential therapeutic agents in cancer. Importantly, the biological effects of Se compounds are exerted by their metabolites, with methylselenol (CH₃SeH) being one of the key executors. In this study, we developed a new series of methylselenoesters with different scaffolds aiming to modulate the release of CH₃SeH. The fifteen compounds follow Lipinski's Rule of Five and with exception of compounds 1 and 14, present better drug-likeness values than the positive control methylseleninic acid. The compounds were evaluated to determine their radical scavenging activity. Compound 11 reduced both DPPH and ABTS radicals. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated in a panel of five cancer cell lines (prostate, colon and lung carcinoma, mammary adenocarcinoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia) and two non-malignant (lung and mammary epithelial) cell lines. Ten compounds had GI50 values below 10 μM at 72 h in four cancer cell lines. Compounds 5 and 15 were chosen for further characterization of their mechanism of action in the mammary adenocarcinoma cell line due to their similarity with methylseleninic acid. Both compounds induced G₂/M arrest whereas cell death was partially executed by caspases. The reduction and metabolism were also investigated, and both compounds were shown to be substrates for redox active enzyme thioredoxin reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Díaz-Argelich
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Oncology and Hematology Section, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ignacio Encío
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Avda. Barañain s/n, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Oncology and Hematology Section, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Aristi P Fernandes
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Juan Antonio Palop
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Oncology and Hematology Section, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Oncology and Hematology Section, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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11
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Synthesis, DNA binding and in-vitro cytotoxicity studies on novel bis-pyrazoles. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 168:89-97. [PMID: 28189845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new series of bis-pyrazoles 6a-t were synthesized from 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole using sequential approach. All these compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The interaction of newly synthesized bis-pyrazoles with DNA was investigated through molecular docking and absorption spectroscopic technique. Among all bis-pyrazoles compounds, the 6h compound showed lower conformational energy through in silico analysis. The interaction of each molecule in this series 6a-t with the various concentrations of DNA was examined through the UV-visible spectroscopic studies. The UV-visible spectroscopy studies on the specific binding of compound 6a, 6b, 6g, 6h, 6d, 6i, 6k, 6n, 6s with DNA have exhibited spectral shifts and the results were discussed. In further the compounds 6a-t were subjected to the in-vitro cytotoxicity studies against human pancreatic adenocarcinoma, human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. Among the screened compounds, N-(3-isopropoxy-1-isopropyl-4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)cyclobutane carboxamide and N-(5'-Isopropoxy-2'-isopropyl-3,5-dimethyl-2'H-[1,4'] bipyrazolyl-3'-yl)-dimethane sulfonamide were found as lead molecules since they have exhibited promising activity against both the cancer cell lines used in this study, whereas the compounds 4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(3-isopropoxy-1-isopropyl-4-(3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide and 2,6-difluoro-N-(3-isopropoxy-1-isopropyl-4-(3,5-dimethyl-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) benzamide were found to be active against the pancreatic cell line only. Rest all the other compounds were found to exhibit moderate to good activity towards both the cell lines.
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12
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Chalcogen containing heterocyclic scaffolds: New hybrids with antitumoral activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:407-418. [PMID: 27487570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, 27 novel hybrid derivatives containing diverse substituents with chalcogen atoms (selenium or sulfur) and several active heterocyclic scaffolds have been synthesized. Compounds were tested against two human cancer cells lines (MCF7 and PC-3) and a normal human mammary epithelial cell line (184B5) in order to determine their activity and selectivity against malignant cells. Ten compounds showed GI50 values below 10 μM in at least one of the cancer cell lines and six of them exhibited a selectivity index higher than 9. In general, selenium-containing compounds were more active than their corresponding sulfur analogs but we found some thiocyanate derivatives with comparable or higher activity and selectivity. Among the different substituents, the seleno- and thio-cyanate groups showed the most promising results. On the basis of their potent activity and high selectivity index, compounds 7e and 8f (containing a thiocyanate and a selenocyanate group, respectively) were selected for further biological evaluation. Both the compounds induced caspase-dependent cell death and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. In addition, these compounds do not violate any of the Lipinski's Rule of Five and thus possess good potential to become drugs, compound 7e being particularly promising.
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13
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Identifying potential PPARγ agonist/partial agonist from plant molecules to control type 2 diabetes using in silico and in vivo models. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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14
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Novel Heteroaryl Selenocyanates and Diselenides as Potent Antileishmanial Agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:3802-12. [PMID: 27067328 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02529-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new selenocyanates and diselenides bearing interesting bioactive scaffolds (quinoline, quinoxaline, acridine, chromene, furane, isosazole, etc.) was synthesized, and their in vitro leishmanicidal activities against Leishmania infantum amastigotes along with their cytotoxicities in human THP-1 cells were determined. Interestingly, most tested compounds were active in the low micromolar range and led us to identify four lead compounds (1h, 2d, 2e, and 2f) with 50% effective dose (ED50) values ranging from 0.45 to 1.27 μM and selectivity indexes of >25 for all of them, much higher than those observed for the reference drugs. These active derivatives were evaluated against infected macrophages, and in order to gain preliminary knowledge about their possible mechanism of action, the inhibition of trypanothione reductase (TryR) was measured. Among these novel structures, compounds 1h (3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl selenocyanate) and 2d [3,3'-(diselenodiyldimethanediyl)bis(2-bromothiophene)] exhibited good association between TryR inhibitory activity and antileishmanial potency, pointing to 1h, for its excellent theoretical ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties, as the most promising lead molecule for leishmancidal drug design.
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15
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Hemachandran H, Anantharaman A, Priya RR, Doss GP, Siva R. Interaction of Catechu Dye with DNA: Spectroscopic and In Silico Approach. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 35:195-210. [PMID: 26913965 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2015.1124997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Catechin, a yellow colored molecule obtained from the wood of Acacia catechu was analyzed for its interaction with synthetic DNA duplexes using spectroscopic analysis. UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis revealed the non-intercalative binding mode. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis expose chemical shift indicated by various vibrational stretches and an increase in the intensity of base stacking was observed by Circular Dichroism (CD), respectively. This inference was further confirmed through nuclear staining technique and also in electrophoretic technique; the dye quenches the fluorescent intensity of ethidium bromide. The result of fluorescence spectroscopy was in concordance with the electrophoretic technique. In addition, the spectroscopic results were in accordance with the molecular docking studies of specific catechin compound from the catechu dye with CT-DNA. This kind of site specificity is a gain in the medicinal field as the drug can be DNA targeted for cancer therapeutics. The present work reveals that catechu dye has a noteworthy application in the field of medical bioscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridya Hemachandran
- a School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University , Vellore , 632014 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Amrita Anantharaman
- a School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University , Vellore , 632014 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Rajendra Rao Priya
- a School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University , Vellore , 632014 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - George Priya Doss
- a School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University , Vellore , 632014 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Ramamoorthy Siva
- a School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University , Vellore , 632014 , Tamil Nadu , India
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Ramharack P, Soliman MES. Zika virus drug targets: a missing link in drug design and discovery – a route map to fill the gap. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12142j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review depicts anin silicoroute map for ZIKV drug discovery, thus revealing novel potential inhibitors of viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritika Ramharack
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Research Group
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Research Group
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4001
- South Africa
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17
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Ishikawa T, Konishi E. Potential chemotherapeutic targets for Japanese encephalitis: current status of antiviral drug development and future challenges. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1379-95. [PMID: 26156208 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1065817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Japanese encephalitis (JE) remains a public health threat in Asia. Although several vaccines have been licensed, ∼ 67,900 cases of the disease are estimated to occur annually, probably because the vaccine coverage is low. Therefore, effective antiviral drugs are required to control JE. However, no licensed anti-JE drugs are available, despite extensive efforts to develop them. AREAS COVERED We provide a general overview of JE and JE virus, including its transmission cycle, distribution, structure, replication machinery, immune evasion mechanisms and vaccines. The current situation in antiviral drug development is then reviewed and future perspectives are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Although the development of effective anti-JE drugs is an urgent issue, only supportive care is currently available. Recent progress in our understanding of the viral replication machinery and immune evasion strategies has identified new targets for anti-JE drug development. To date, most candidate drugs have only been evaluated in single-drug formulations, and efficient drug delivery to the CNS has virtually not been considered. However, an effective anti-JE treatment is expected to be achieved with multiple-drug formulations and a targeted drug delivery system in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ishikawa
- a 1 Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology , 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Eiji Konishi
- b 2 Mahidol University, BIKEN Endowed Department of Dengue Vaccine Development, Faculty of Tropical Medicine , 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.,c 3 Osaka University, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, BIKEN Endowed Department of Dengue Vaccine Development , 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan +66 2 354 5981 ;
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Narayana Moorthy NSH, Poongavanam V. The KNIME based classification models for yellow fever virus inhibition. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15317k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Naïve Bayes method as implemented in KNIME platform for classification of YFV inhibition. The best classification model is able to correctly discriminate >90% of inhibitors and non-inhibitors.
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Ishikawa T, Konishi E. Japanese encephalitis: epidemiology, prevention and current status of antiviral drug development. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2014. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2014.934222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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