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Nayab S, Alam A, Ahmad N, Khan SW, Khan W, Shams DF, Shah MI, Ateeq M, Shah SK, Lee H. Thiophene-Derived Schiff Base Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Properties, and Molecular Docking. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17620-17633. [PMID: 37251197 PMCID: PMC10210233 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Novel thiophene-derived Schiff base ligand DE, where DE is (E)-N1,N1-diethyl-N2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)ethane-1,2-diamine, and the corresponding M(II) complexes, [M(DE)X2] (M = Cu or Zn, X = Cl; M = Cd, X = Br), were prepared and structurally characterized. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the geometry around the center of the M(II) complexes, [Zn(DE)Cl2] and [Cd(DE)Br2], could be best described as a distorted tetrahedral. In vitro antimicrobial screening of DE and its corresponding M(II) complexes, [M(DE)X2], was performed. The complexes were more potent and showed higher activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fungi Candida albicans, and protozoa Leishmania major compared to the ligand. Among the studied complexes, [Cd(DE)Br2] exhibited the most promising antimicrobial activity against all the tested microbes compared to its analogs. These results were further supported by molecular docking studies. We believe that these complexes may significantly contribute to the efficient designing of metal-derived agents to treat microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Nayab
- Department
of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
(SBBU), Sheringal
Upper Dir 18050, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
- Department
of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department
of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
(SBBU), Sheringal
Upper Dir 18050, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Nasir Ahmad
- Department
of Chemistry Islamia College University
Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Sher Wali Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
(SBBU), Sheringal
Upper Dir 18050, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Waliullah Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Dilawar Farhan Shams
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan
University, Mardan 23200, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
Ali Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ateeq
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Said Karim Shah
- Department
of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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2
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Vidyasagar C, Santhosh Kumar P, Vijayakumar P, Alekya S, Umamahesh K, Sarathi Reddy OV. Comparative structural and functional analysis of the PGU1 protein from Saccharomyces bayanus with other Saccharomyces species. Bioinformation 2022; 18:864-869. [PMID: 36945224 PMCID: PMC10024774 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An endo-poly-galacturonase (PGU1) gene product is responsible for the pectolytic activity in Saccharomyces bayanus. Therefore, it is of interest to document the comparative structural and functional analysis of the PGU1 protein from Saccharomyces bayanus with those in other Saccharomyces related species. The molecular docking analyses of pectin with the different homology models of PGU1 protein from several Saccharomyces species are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Saggam Alekya
- Department of Biochemistry, S.V. University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | - Katike Umamahesh
- Department of Biochemistry, S.V. University, Tirupati 517 502, India
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3
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Mohie El-Dien RT, Maher SA, Abdelmohsen UR, AboulMagd AM, Fouad MA, Kamel MS. Antiulcer secondary metabolites from Elaeocarpus grandis, family Elaeocarpaceae, supported by in silico studies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34788-34799. [PMID: 35514372 PMCID: PMC9056857 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06104b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elaeocarpus grandis has a very potent analgesic effect, especially to a δ-opioid receptor, but its antiulcer activity has not yet been validated. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the antiulcer potential of the total methanolic extract and its derived fractions of the aerial parts of the plant using an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer method. One new compound, grandisine H (1), and five known compounds, P-methoxy benzaldehyde, methyl gallate, kaempferol, quercetin and heterophyllin A (2–6), were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction, which was the most potent one with an ulcer index value of 5 ± 1.95 (mm) ** (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01) and a preventive index of 92.9%, following a bioassay-guided fractionation. The isolated compounds were subjected to a molecular docking study in an attempt to explain their significant antiulcer potential, and the results revealed that kaempferol and quercetin bind to the active site of the M3 receptor with a strong binding affinity via strong hydrogen bonds of −6.081 kcal mol−1 and −6.013 kcal mol−1, respectively. Also, quercetin and heterophyllin A showed a binding affinity with the gastric proton pump receptor and a strong hydrogen bond interaction with the amino acid active sites in the case of an H2-modeled receptor. These results clarify the effectiveness and importance of the ethyl acetate fraction as a natural anti-ulcer remedy. Elaeocarpus grandis has a very potent analgesic effect, especially to a δ-opioid receptor, but its antiulcer activity has not yet been validated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Taher Mohie El-Dien
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University University Zone 61111 New Minia City Egypt
| | - Sherif A Maher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University University Zone 61111 New Minia City Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University University Zone 61111 New Minia City Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt
| | - Asmaa M AboulMagd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University 62513 Beni Suef Egypt
| | - Mostafa Ahmed Fouad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah Kamel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University University Zone 61111 New Minia City Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt
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4
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Molecular dynamics simulation of zika virus NS5 RNA dependent RNA polymerase with selected novel non-nucleoside inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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AboulMagd AM, Hassan HM, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR, Abdel-Rahman HM. Saccharomonosporine A inspiration; synthesis of potent analogues as potential PIM kinase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6752-6762. [PMID: 35493904 PMCID: PMC9049778 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10216g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomonosporine A was recently reported as a natural anti-cancer agent working through inhibition of a Proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus-1 (PIM-1) kinase. Structural bioisosteres of this natural product were synthesized and tested against PIM kinase enzymes. They showed potent inhibitory activity against all the known PIM kinases (PIM-1, 2 and 3) with IC50 values ranging from 0.22 to 2.46 μM. Compound 5 was the most potent pan-inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.37, 0.41, and 0.3 μM, against PIM-1, 2, 3 respectively. Compounds 4–6 were tested for their cytotoxic activities against 3 cell lines: H1650, HT-29, and HL-60. Compound 5 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 and the human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, with IC50 μM values of 1.4 and 1.7 respectively. Molecular docking and homology modeling studies were carried out to confirm the affinity of these synthesized compounds to the three different PIM kinases. Additionally, a number of in silico predictions, ADME/Tox, were adopted to evaluate their drug-likeness. The E isomer of compound 5 exhibited a potent inhibitory effect against PIM kinase isoforms of IC50s 0.30–0.41 μM.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. AboulMagd
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Nahda University
- Beni Suef
- Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Pharmacognosy Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Pharmacognosy Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Nahda University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | | | - Hamdy M. Abdel-Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Nahda University
- Beni Suef
- Egypt
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6
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Badshah SL, Ahmad N, Ur Rehman A, Khan K, Ullah A, Alsayari A, Muhsinah AB, N Mabkhot Y. Molecular docking and simulation of Zika virus NS3 helicase. BMC Chem 2019; 13:67. [PMID: 31384814 PMCID: PMC6661806 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) has gained attention for the last few years due to the congenital microcephaly and Guillain–Barre Syndrome that resulted in humans. The non-structural protein-3 (NS3) helicase of ZIKV play an important role in viral RNA replication. In this article, we performed hundred nanosecond molecular dynamics simulation and molecular docking of the NS3 helicase of ZIKV with 1,4-benzothiazine derivatives. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) analyses showed the stability of the NS3 helicase. The simulation showed that the flexible and rigid domains of the protein play a crucial role during the RNA replication process. All such domains with ligand binding pockets can be targeted for drug design. The molecular docking showed that the strong hydrogen bonding and arene-cation interactions are responsible for the binding between NS3 and 1,4-benzothiazine derivatives, which provides a new dimension for potent drug design for ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Lal Badshah
- 1Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Nasir Ahmad
- 1Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- 2State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Khalid Khan
- 1Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah
- 1Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- 3Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- 3Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahia N Mabkhot
- 4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharamacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61441 Saudi Arabia
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First evidence of changes in enzyme kinetics and stability of glucokinase affected by somatic cancer-associated variations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1867:213-218. [PMID: 30590153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigation of somatic variations of allosterically regulated proteins in cancer genomes suggested that variations in glucokinase (GCK) might play a role in tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that somatic cancer-associated GCK variations include in part those with activating and/or stabilizing effects. We analyzed the enzyme kinetics and thermostability of recombinant proteins possessing the likely activating variations and the variations present in the connecting loop I and provided the first experimental evidence of the effects of somatic cancer-associated GCK variations. Activating and/or stabilizing variations were common among the analyzed cancer-associated variations, which was in strong contrast to their low frequency among germinal variations. The activating and stabilizing variations displayed focal distribution with respect to the tertiary structure, and were present in the surroundings of the heterotropic allosteric activator site, including but not limited to the connecting loop I and in the active site region subject to extensive rearrangements upon glucose binding. Activating somatic cancer-associated variations induced a reduction of GCK's cooperativity and an increase in the affinity to glucose (a decline in the S0.5 values). The hotspot-associated variations, which decreased cooperativity, also increased the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of the competitive GCK inhibitor, N-acetylglucosamine. Concluded, we have provided the first convincing biochemical evidence establishing GCK as a previously unrecognized enzyme that contributes to the reprogramming of energy metabolism in cancer cells. Activating GCK variations substantially increase affinity of GCK to glucose, disrupt the otherwise characteristic sigmoidal response to glucose and/or prolong the enzyme half-life. This, combined, facilitates glucose phosphorylation, thus supporting glycolysis and associated pathways.
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8
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Ahmad SF, Khan I, Wadood A, Azam S, Rehman N, Waqas M, Bashir K, Khan AA. Pathogens constancy, harbinger of nosocomial infection cum identification of resistant genes and drug designing. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 74:347-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Kumar PS, Kumar YN, Prasad UV, Yeswanth S, Swarupa V, Vasu D, Venkatesh K, Srikanth L, Rao VK, Sarma PVGK. Comparative Structural and Functional Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Glucokinase with other Bacterial Glucokinases. Indian J Pharm Sci 2014; 76:430-6. [PMID: 25425757 PMCID: PMC4243260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase is classified in bacteria based upon having ATP binding site and 'repressor/open reading frames of unknown function/sugar kinases' motif, the sequence of glucokinase gene (JN645812) of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC12600 showed presence of ATP binding site and 'repressor/open reading frames of unknown function/sugar kinases' motif. We have earlier observed glucokinase of S. aureus has higher affinity towards the substrate compared to other bacterial glucokinase and under anaerobic condition with increased glucose concentration S. aureus exhibited higher rate of biofilm formation. To establish this, 3D structure of glucokinase was built using homology modeling method, the PROCHECK and ProSA-Web analysis indicated this built glucokinase structure was close to the crystal structure. This structure was superimposed with different bacterial glucokinase structures and from the root-mean-square deviation values, it is concluded that S. aureus glucokinase exhibited very close homology with Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium difficle while with other bacteria it showed high degree of variations both in domain and nondomain regions. Glucose docking results indicated -12.3697 kcal/mol for S. aureus glucokinase compared with other bacterial glucokinase suggesting higher affinity of glucose which correlates with enzyme kinetics and higher rate of biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati-517 507, India
| | - Y. N. Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502, India
| | - U. V. Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati-517 507, India
| | - S. Yeswanth
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati-517 507, India
| | - V. Swarupa
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati-517 507, India
| | - D. Vasu
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati-517 507, India
| | - K. Venkatesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati-517 507, India
| | - L. Srikanth
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati-517 507, India
| | - V. K. Rao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - P. V. G. K. Sarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati-517 507, India
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10
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Kumar PS, Kumar YN, Prasad UV, Yeswanth S, Swarupa V, Sowjenya G, Venkatesh K, Srikanth L, Rao VK, Sarma PVGK. In silico designing and molecular docking of a potent analog against Staphylococcus aureus porphobilinogen synthase. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2014; 6:158-66. [PMID: 25035635 PMCID: PMC4097929 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.135246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, there is an urgent need for the development of new antimicrobials which are narrow and pathogen specific. Aim: In this context, the present study is aimed to have a control on the staphylococcal infections by targeting the unique and essential enzyme; porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS) catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of δ-aminolevulinic acid, an essential step in the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Hence developing therapeutics targeting PBGS will be the promising choice to control and manage the staphylococcal infections. 4,5-dioxovalerate (DV) is known to inhibit PBGS. Materials and Methods: In view of this, in this study, novel dioxovalerate derivatives (DVDs) molecules were designed so as to inhibit PBGS, a potential target of S. aureus and their inhibitory activity was predicted using molecular docking studies by molecular operating environment. The 3D model of PBGS was constructed using Chlorobium vibrioform (Protein Data Bank 1W1Z) as a template by homology modeling method. Results: The built structure was close to the crystal structure with Z score − 8.97. Molecular docking of DVDs into the S. aureus PBGS active site revealed that they are showing strong interaction forming H-bonds with the active sites of K248 and R217. The ligand–receptor complex of DVD13 showed a best docking score of − 14.4555 kcal/mol among DV and all its analogs while the substrate showed docking score of − 13.0392 kcal/mol showing interactions with S199, K217 indicating that DVD13 can influence structural variations on the enzyme and thereby inhibiting the enzyme. Conclusion: The substrate analog DVD13 is showing significant interactions with active site of PBGS and it may be used as a potent inhibitor to control S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasupuleti Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Yellapu Nanda Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Uppu Venkateswara Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sthanikam Yeswanth
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vimjam Swarupa
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gopal Sowjenya
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Katari Venkatesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lokanathan Srikanth
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Valasani Koteswara Rao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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11
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Yellapu NK, Valasani KR, Pasupuleti SK, Gopal S, Potukuchi Venkata Gurunadha Krishna S, Matcha B. Identification and analysis of novel R308K mutation in glucokinase of type 2 diabetic patient and its kinetic correlation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:572-81. [PMID: 24447076 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GK) plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis and the mutations in GK gene result in pathogenic complications known as Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young 2, an autosomal dominant form of diabetic condition. In the present study, GK was purified from human liver tissue and the pure enzyme showed single band in SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of 50 kDa. The kinetics of pure GK showed enzyme activity of 0.423±0.02 µM glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)/mL/Min and Km value of 6.66±0.02 µM. These values were compared in the liver biopsy of a clinically proven type 2 diabetic patient, where GK kinetics showed decreased enzyme activity of 0.16±0.025 µM G6P/mL/Min and increased Km of 23±0.9 µM, indicating the hyperglycemic condition in the patient. The genetic analysis of 10th exon of GK gene from this patient showed a R308K mutation. To substantiate these results, comparative molecular dynamics and docking studies were carried out where a higher docking score (-10.218 kcal/mol) was observed in the mutated GK than wild-type GK structure (-12.593 kcal/mol) indicating affinity variations for glucose. During the simulation process, glucose was expelled out from the mutant conformation but not from wild-type GK, making glucose unavailable for phosphorylation. Therefore, these results conclusively explain hyperglycemic condition in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Kumar Yellapu
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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12
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Yeswanth S, Nanda Kumar Y, Venkateswara Prasad U, Swarupa V, Koteswara rao V, Venkata Gurunadha Krishna Sarma P. Cloning and characterization of l-lactate dehydrogenase gene of Staphylococcus aureus. Anaerobe 2013; 24:43-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Hayashi T, Watanabe C, Suzuki Y, Tanikawa T, Uchida Y, Saito T. Chicken MDA5 senses short double-stranded RNA with implications for antiviral response against avian influenza viruses in chicken. J Innate Immun 2013; 6:58-71. [PMID: 23860388 DOI: 10.1159/000351583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) selectively sense double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) according to length, as well as various RNA viruses to induce an antiviral response. RIG-I, which plays a predominant role in the induction of antiviral responses against influenza virus infection, has been considered to be lacking in chicken, putting the function of chicken MDA5 (chMDA5) under the spotlight. Here, we show that chMDA5, unlike mammalian MDA5, preferentially senses shorter dsRNA synthetic analogues, poly(I:C), in chicken DF-1 fibroblasts. A requirement for caspase activation and recruitment domains for chMDA5-mediated chicken interferon beta (chIFNβ) induction and its interaction with mitochondrial antiviral signaling proteins were demonstrated. We also found that chMDA5 is involved in chIFNβ induction against avian influenza virus infection. Our findings imply that chMDA5 compensates in part the function of RIG-I in chicken, and highlights the importance of chMDA5 in the innate immune response in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Viral diseases and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
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