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Mavhandu LG, Cheng H, Bor YC, Tebit DM, Hammarskjold ML, Rekosh D, Bessong PO. Development of a pseudovirus assay and evaluation to screen natural products for inhibition of HIV-1 subtype C reverse transcriptase. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112931. [PMID: 32360797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants are used in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in many developing country settings where HIV-1 subtype C drives the epidemic. Efforts to identify plant derived molecules with anti-HIV properties require reproducible assay systems for routine screening of selected plant compounds. Although a number of standardized HIV-1 pseudoviruses have been generated to assess infectivity, replicability or reproducibility, HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1-C) pseudoviruses have not been comprehensively characterized to identify inhibitory plant substances. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study aimed at developing an HIV-1-C pseudovirus assay, and evaluate plant substances targeting reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS HIV-1 subtype C pseudoviruses containing a luciferase reporter gene were generated by transfection of human 293T cells. HIV-1 subtype B (HIV-1-B) wild type pseudoviruses and mutants resistant to nucleoside and non-nucleoside RT inhibitors were also generated and used as controls. Selected plant substances and the RT inhibitors Zidovudine (AZT) and Nevirapine (NVP), were used to evaluate inhibition. Pseudovirus infectivity was determined by luciferase measurement in CF2/CD4+/CCR5 cells, and cytotoxicity was determined using the MTT assay. AZT and NVP inhibited wild type pseudoviruses in a dose dependent manner, with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. RESULTS Pseudoviruses harbouring RT drug resistance mutations were poorly suppressed by AZT and NVP. Catechin, obtained from Peltophorum africanum inhibited HIV-1-C and HIV-1-B pseudoviruses with selective indices of 6304 μM (IC50: 0.49 μM, CC50: 3089 μM) and 1343 μM (IC50: 2.3 μM, CC50: 3089 μM), respectively; while the methanol root crude extract of Elaeodendron transvaalense gave IC50 values of 11.11 μg/ml and 16.86 μg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION The developed HIV-1-C pseudovirus assay can be used to screen plant substances for RT inhibition, and may have utility in settings with limited access to high level biosafety facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufuno Grace Mavhandu
- HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme, University of Venda, PMB X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.
| | - Hua Cheng
- Myles H. Thaler Center for AIDS and Human Retrovirus Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800734, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of HIV, STD and Leprosy, 1380 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Yeou-Cheng Bor
- Myles H. Thaler Center for AIDS and Human Retrovirus Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800734, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Ambassadors for Christ, 21 Ambassador Drive, Paradise, PA, 17562, USA.
| | - Denis Manga Tebit
- HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme, University of Venda, PMB X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa; Myles H. Thaler Center for AIDS and Human Retrovirus Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800734, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Global Biomed Scientific LLC, PO Box 2368, Forest, VA, 24551, USA.
| | - Marie-Louise Hammarskjold
- HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme, University of Venda, PMB X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa; Myles H. Thaler Center for AIDS and Human Retrovirus Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800734, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - David Rekosh
- HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme, University of Venda, PMB X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa; Myles H. Thaler Center for AIDS and Human Retrovirus Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800734, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Pascal Obong Bessong
- HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme, University of Venda, PMB X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.
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Seniya C, Yadav A, Khan GJ, Sah NK. In-silico Studies Show Potent Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Activity by a Herbal Drug. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2015; 12:1355-1364. [PMID: 26671807 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2015.2415771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a life threatening disease of the human immune system caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Effective inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity is a prominent, clinically viable approach for the treatment of AIDS. Few non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) as drugs for AIDS. In order to enhance therapeutic options against AIDS we examined novel herbal compounds of 4-thiazolidinone and its derivatives that are known to have remarkable antiviral potency. Our molecular docking and simulation experiments have identified one such herbal molecule known as (5E)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-benzylidene-1, 3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione that may bind HIV-1RT with high affinity to cause noncompetitive inhibition. Results are also compared with other US FDA approved drugs. Long de novo simulations and docking study suggest that the ligand (5E)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-benzylidene-1, 3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (CID: 1656714) has strong binding interactions with Asp113, Asp110, Asp185 and Asp186 amino acids, all of which belong to one or the other catalytic pockets of HIV-1RT. It is expected that these interactions could be critical in the inhibitory activity of the HIV-1RT. Therefore, this study provides an evidence for consideration of (5E)-3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-benzylidene-1, 3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione as a valuable natural molecule in the treatment and prevention of HIV-associated disorders.
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Gu WG, Zhang X, Yuan JF. Anti-HIV drug development through computational methods. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 16:674-80. [PMID: 24760437 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is effective in controlling the progression of AIDS, the emergence of drug-resistant strains increases the difficulty of successful treatment of patients with HIV infection. Increasing numbers of patients are facing the dilemma that comes with the running out of drug combinations for HAART. Computational methods play a key role in anti-HIV drug development. A substantial number of studies have been performed in anti-HIV drug development using various computational methods, such as virtual screening, QSAR, molecular docking, and homology modeling, etc. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the application of computational methods to anti-HIV drug development for five key targets as follows: reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, CCR5, and CXCR4. We hope that this review will stimulate researchers from multiple disciplines to consider computational methods in the anti-HIV drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Gang Gu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China,
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Seniya C, Khan GJ, Misra R, Vyas V, Kaushik S. In-silico modelling and identification of a possible inhibitor of H1N1 virus. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang J, Wang S, Li Y, Xu P, Chen F, Tan Y, Duan J. Anti-diarrheal constituents of Alpinia oxyphylla. Fitoterapia 2013; 89:149-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Seniya C, Mishra H, Yadav A, Sagar N, Chaturvedi B, Uchadia K, Wadhwa G. Antiviral potential of 4-hydroxypanduratin A, secondary metabolite of Fingerroot, Boesenbergia pandurata (Schult.), towards Japanese Encephalitis virus NS2B/NS3 protease. Bioinformation 2013; 9:54-60. [PMID: 23390345 PMCID: PMC3563417 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
4-hydroxypanduratin A is a secondary metabolite of Boesenbergia pandurata Schult. (Fingerroot) plant with various pharmacological
activities such as neuroprotective, potent antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal. Flaviviral NS2B/NS3 protease activity is
essential for polyprotein processing and viral replication for Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), a major cause of Acute Encephaltis in
Asia. Inhibition of formation of this complex by arresting the binding of NS2B with NS3 would reduce the enzyme's activity to
meager proportions and hence would prevent further viral proliferation. The automated 3D structure of NS2B protein of the JEV
GP78 was predicted based on the sequence-to-structure-to-function paradigm using I-TASSER and the function of NS2B protein
was inferred by matching to other known proteins. The stereochemical quality of predicted structure was checked by PROCHECK.
The antiviral activity of 4-hydroxypanduratin A against NS2B protein as a potential drug has been elucidated in this paper.
Docking simulation analysis showed 4-hydroxypanduratin A as potential inhibitor of NS2B protein/cofactor which is necessary for
NS3 protease activity. 220 derivatives of 4-hydroxypanduratin A were virtually screened with rigid criteria of Lipinski's rule of 5
using Autodock4.2. 4-hydroxypanduratin A was found interacting with target hydrophilic domain in NS2B protein by two Hbonds
(Gly80 and Asp81) with active residues, several hydrophobic interactions, Log P value of 5.6, inhibition constant (Ki) of
51.07nM and lowest binding energy of -9.95Kcal/Mol. Hence, 4-hydroxypanduratin A targeted to Site 2 will have sufficient
profound effect to inhibit protease activity to abrogate viral replication. It could be a promising potential drug candidate for JEV
infections using NS2B Site 2 as a Drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabhan Seniya
- Department of Biotechnology, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Race Course Road, Gola Ka Mandir, Gwalior (M.P.) India
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