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Sanz-García F, Anoz-Carbonell E, Pérez-Herrán E, Martín C, Lucía A, Rodrigues L, Aínsa JA. Mycobacterial Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferases: A Little of Drug Resistance, and a Lot of Other Roles. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:46. [PMID: 30761098 PMCID: PMC6363676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycoside acetyltransferases are important determinants of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in most bacterial genera. In mycobacteria, however, aminoglycoside acetyltransferases contribute only partially to aminoglycoside susceptibility since they are related with low level resistance to these antibiotics (while high level aminoglycoside resistance is due to mutations in the ribosome). Instead, aminoglycoside acetyltransferases contribute to other bacterial functions, and this can explain its widespread presence along species of genus Mycobacterium. This review is focused on two mycobacterial aminoglycoside acetyltransferase enzymes. First, the aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase [AAC(2')], which was identified as a determinant of weak aminoglycoside resistance in M. fortuitum, and later found to be widespread in most mycobacterial species; AAC(2') enzymes have been associated with resistance to cell wall degradative enzymes, and bactericidal mode of action of aminoglycosides. Second, the Eis aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, which was identified originally as a virulence determinant in M. tuberculosis (enhanced intracellular survival); Eis protein in fact controls production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other pathways. The relation of Eis with aminoglycoside susceptibility was found after the years, and reaches clinical significance only in M. tuberculosis isolates resistant to the second-line drug kanamycin. Given the role of AAC(2') and Eis proteins in mycobacterial biology, inhibitory molecules have been identified, more abundantly in case of Eis. In conclusion, AAC(2') and Eis have evolved from a marginal role as potential drug resistance mechanisms into a promising future as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sanz-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina - Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ernesto Anoz-Carbonell
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina - Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias - Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Pérez-Herrán
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina - Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Martín
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina - Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Lucía
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina - Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina - Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A Aínsa
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina - Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Bakour S, Sankar SA, Rathored J, Biagini P, Raoult D, Fournier PE. Identification of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance markers using bacterial genomics. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:455-66. [PMID: 26974504 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the number of multidrug-resistant bacteria has increased rapidly and several epidemics were signaled in different regions of the world. Faced with this situation that presents a major global public health concern, the development and the use of new and rapid technologies is more than urgent. The use of the next-generation sequencing platforms by microbiologists and infectious disease specialists has allowed great progress in the medical field. Here, we review the usefulness of whole-genome sequencing for the detection of virulence and antibiotic resistance associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Bakour
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Senthil Alias Sankar
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jaishriram Rathored
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Biagini
- UMR CNRS 7268 Equipe "Emergence et coévolution virale," Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée et Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
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Rouli L, Merhej V, Fournier PE, Raoult D. The bacterial pangenome as a new tool for analysing pathogenic bacteria. New Microbes New Infect 2015; 7:72-85. [PMID: 26442149 PMCID: PMC4552756 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pangenome was introduced in 2005 and, in recent years, has been the subject of many studies. Thanks to progress in next-generation sequencing methods, the pangenome can be divided into two parts, the core (common to the studied strains) and the accessory genome, offering a large panel of uses. In this review, we have presented the analysis methods, the pangenome composition and its application as a study of lifestyle. We have also shown that the pangenome may be used as a new tool for redefining the pathogenic species. We applied this to the Escherichia coli and Shigella species, which have been a subject of controversy regarding their taxonomic and pathogenic position. Pangenome is a new way of studying pathogenic bacteria. Pangenome can be used as a taxonomic tool. This review describes pangenome in the world of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rouli
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - V Merhej
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - P-E Fournier
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - D Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France
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