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Aguado ME, Izquierdo M, González-Matos M, Varela AC, Méndez Y, Del Rivero MA, Rivera DG, González-Bacerio J. Parasite Metalo-aminopeptidases as Targets in Human Infectious Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:416-461. [PMID: 36825701 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666230224140724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic human infectious diseases are a worldwide health problem due to the increased resistance to conventional drugs. For this reason, the identification of novel molecular targets and the discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents are urgently required. Metalo- aminopeptidases are promising targets in parasitic infections. They participate in crucial processes for parasite growth and pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE In this review, we describe the structural, functional and kinetic properties, and inhibitors, of several parasite metalo-aminopeptidases, for their use as targets in parasitic diseases. CONCLUSION Plasmodium falciparum M1 and M17 aminopeptidases are essential enzymes for parasite development, and M18 aminopeptidase could be involved in hemoglobin digestion and erythrocyte invasion and egression. Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei and Leishmania major acidic M17 aminopeptidases can play a nutritional role. T. brucei basic M17 aminopeptidase down-regulation delays the cytokinesis. The inhibition of Leishmania basic M17 aminopeptidase could affect parasite viability. L. donovani methionyl aminopeptidase inhibition prevents apoptosis but not the parasite death. Decrease in Acanthamoeba castellanii M17 aminopeptidase activity produces cell wall structural modifications and encystation inhibition. Inhibition of Babesia bovis growth is probably related to the inhibition of the parasite M17 aminopeptidase, probably involved in host hemoglobin degradation. Schistosoma mansoni M17 aminopeptidases inhibition may affect parasite development, since they could participate in hemoglobin degradation, surface membrane remodeling and eggs hatching. Toxoplasma gondii M17 aminopeptidase inhibition could attenuate parasite virulence, since it is apparently involved in the hydrolysis of cathepsin Cs- or proteasome-produced dipeptides and/or cell attachment/invasion processes. These data are relevant to validate these enzymes as targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirtha E Aguado
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel Izquierdo
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel González-Matos
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ana C Varela
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Yanira Méndez
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maday A Del Rivero
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, calle 25 #455 entre I y J, 10400, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
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Ruggeri C, Drinkwater N, Sivaraman KK, Bamert RS, McGowan S, Paiardini A. Identification and Validation of a Potent Dual Inhibitor of the P. falciparum M1 and M17 Aminopeptidases Using Virtual Screening. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138957. [PMID: 26406322 PMCID: PMC4583420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Plasmodium falciparum PfA-M1 and PfA-M17 metalloaminopeptidases are validated drug targets for the discovery of antimalarial agents. In order to identify dual inhibitors of both proteins, we developed a hierarchical virtual screening approach, followed by in vitro evaluation of the highest scoring hits. Starting from the ZINC database of purchasable compounds, sequential 3D-pharmacophore and molecular docking steps were applied to filter the virtual 'hits'. At the end of virtual screening, 12 compounds were chosen and tested against the in vitro aminopeptidase activity of both PfA-M1 and PfA-M17. Two molecules showed significant inhibitory activity (low micromolar/nanomolar range) against both proteins. Finally, the crystal structure of the most potent compound in complex with both PfA-M1 and PfA-M17 was solved, revealing the binding mode and validating our computational approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Nyssa Drinkwater
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Komagal Kannan Sivaraman
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Rebecca S. Bamert
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Sheena McGowan
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- * E-mail: (SM); (AP)
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
- * E-mail: (SM); (AP)
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McGowan S. Sitagliptin does not inhibit the M1 alanyl aminopeptidase from Plasmodium falciparum. Bioinformation 2013; 9:661-2. [PMID: 23930016 PMCID: PMC3732437 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheena McGowan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Australia
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Rupert AE, Ou Y, Sandberg M, Weber SG. Electroosmotic push-pull perfusion: description and application to qualitative analysis of the hydrolysis of exogenous galanin in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:838-48. [PMID: 23614879 DOI: 10.1021/cn400082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate here a method that perfuses a small region of an organotypic hippocampal culture with a solution containing an enzyme substrate, a neuropeptide. Perfusate containing hydrolysis products is continually collected and subsequently analyzed for the products of the enzymatic degradation of the peptide substrate. The driving force for perfusion is an electric field. The fused silica capillaries used as "push" and "pull" or "source" and "collection" capillaries have a ζ-potential that is negative and greater in magnitude than the tissue's ζ-potential. Thus, depending on the magnitudes of particular dimensions, the electroosmotic flow in the capillaries augments the fluid velocity in the tissue. The flow rate is not directly measured; however, we determine it using a finite-element approach. We have determined the collection efficiency of the system using an all d-amino acid internal standard. The flow rates are low, in the nL/min range, and adjustable by controlling the current or voltage in the system. The collection efficiency of the d-amino acid peptide internal standard is variable, increasing with increased current and thus electroosmotic flow rate. The collection efficiency can be rationalized in the context of a Peclet number. Electroosmotic push-pull perfusion of the neuropeptide galanin (gal1-29) through the extracellular space of an organotypic hippocampal culture results in its hydrolysis by ectopeptidase reactions occurring in the extracellular space. The products of hydrolysis were identified by MALDI-MS. Experiments at two levels of current (8-12 μA and 19-40 μA) show that the probability of seeing hydrolysis products (apparently from aminopeptidases) is greater in the Cornu Ammonis area 3 (CA3) than in the Cornu Ammonis area 1 (CA1) in the higher current experiments. In the lower current experiments, shorter peptide products of aminopeptidases (gal13-29 to gal20-19) are seen with greater frequency in CA3 than in CA1 but there is no statistically significant difference for longer peptides (gal3-29 to gal12-29).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Rupert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15260, United States
| | - Y. Ou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15260, United States
| | - M. Sandberg
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, S 405 30 Sweden
| | - S. G. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15260, United States
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