Cloning and over expression of non-coding RNA rprA in E.coli and its resistance to Kanamycin without osmotic shock

Network analysis and transcriptome profiling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The present study aimed to investigate the differential expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). High-throughput gene sequencing technology was used to detect the expression of lncRNA and mRNA in three patients with RA (RA group) and normal controls (NC group). A Bioinformatics analysis was used to assess the effects of differentially expressed mRNAs on signaling pathways and biological functions. The selected dysregulated lncRNAs were verified by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with RA and age- and sex-matched controls. A correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between lncRNAs and clinical indexes. From the lncRNA sequencing data, significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs between the RA and NC groups were identified by a fold change ≥2 and P<0.05. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested that the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly involved in organelle composition, intracellular regulation, signaling pathways, cancer, virus and inflammation. A total of four of these lncRNAs were confirmed by RT-qPCR to be significantly differentially expressed (LINC00304, MIR503HG, LINC01504 and FAM95B1). Through the correlation analysis, it was confirmed that there was a strong correlation between these lncRNAs and clinical laboratory indicators and indexes such as course of disease, arthrocele and joint tenderness. Overall, the present results suggested that the expression levels of LINC00304, MIR503HG, LINC01504 and FAM95B1 in PBMCs from patients with RA may serve as potential biomarkers for RA diagnosis, influencing the occurrence and progress of RA.

The non-coding RNA rprA can increase the resistance to ampicillin in Escherichia coli

OBJECTIVES

The non-coding RNA rprA can increase the resistance to ampicillin in Escherichia coli.

METHODS

Bacterial DNA was extracted by boiling method and then amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with two different primer sets. Recombinant pET28a/rprA-sense and -antisense plasmids were separately transferred into the competent E. coli BL21 (DE3) by chemical methods using heat shock. The expression was analyzed at the RNA level using Semi quantitative RT PCR. The turbidity difference between the bacteria was checked by Broth Dilution method.

RESULTS

The statistical analysis showed that the turbidity difference between the up regulated and control bacteria is significant (p value < 0.0001). The ANOVA test also showed the significant difference between the down regulated and control bacteria (p value < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION

Considering this mechanism, there are some reports indicating the role of rprA in antibiotic resistance. However, the role of rprA in ampicillin resistance is remained to be unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the up regulation and down regulation of rprA and check their effects on ampicillin resistance in Escherichia coli. It was found that the up regulation and down regulation of rprA can lead into more antibiotics resistance and susceptibility, respectively. Our results showed the potential role of rprA expression in the response to ampicillin stress in E. coli.

High genomic diversity of multi-drug resistant wastewater Escherichia coli

Wastewater treatment plants play an important role in the emergence of antibiotic resistance. They provide a hot spot for exchange of resistance within and between species. Here, we analyse and quantify the genomic diversity of the indicator Escherichia coli in a German wastewater treatment plant and we relate it to isolates’ antibiotic resistance. Our results show a surprisingly large pan-genome, which mirrors how rich an environment a treatment plant is. We link the genomic analysis to a phenotypic resistance screen and pinpoint genomic hot spots, which correlate with a resistance phenotype. Besides well-known resistance genes, this forward genomics approach generates many novel genes, which correlated with resistance and which are partly completely unknown. A surprising overall finding of our analyses is that we do not see any difference in resistance and pan genome size between isolates taken from the inflow of the treatment plant and from the outflow. This means that while treatment plants reduce the amount of bacteria released into the environment, they do not reduce the potential for antibiotic resistance of these bacteria.

Long noncoding RNA expression profiles in chondrogenic and hypertrophic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators for a variety of biological processes. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a crucial stage in chondrogenesis while chondrocyte hypertrophy is related to endochondral ossification and osteoarthritis. However, the effects of lncRNAs on chondrogenic and hypertrophic differentiation of mouse MSCs are unclear. To explore the potential mechanisms of lncRNAs during chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy, microarray was performed to investigate the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in MSCs, pre-chondrocytes, and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Then, we validated microarray data by RT-PCR and screened three lncRNAs from upregulating groups during chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy respectively. After downregulating any of the above lncRNAs, we found that the expression of chondrogenesis-related genes such as Sox9 and Col2a1 and hypertrophy-related genes including Runx2 and Col10a1 was inhibited, respectively. Furthermore, the target genes of above lncRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics approaches. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome biological pathway analysis were also made to speculate the functions of above lncRNAs. In conclusion, the study first revealed the expression profile of lncRNAs in chondrogenic and hypertrophic differentiations of mouse MSCs and presented a new prospect for the underlying mechanisms of chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification.