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Vlashi R, Zhang X, Li H, Chen G. Potential therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:339-367. [PMID: 38055160 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an incapacitating and one of the most common physically degenerative conditions with an assorted etiology and a highly complicated molecular mechanism that to date lacks an efficient treatment. The capacity to design biological networks and accurately modify existing genomic sites holds an apt potential for applications across medical and biotechnological sciences. One of these highly specific genomes editing technologies is the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism, referred to as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, which is a defense mechanism constituted by CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) directed by small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) that bind to target DNA through Watson-Crick base pairing rules where subsequent repair of the target DNA is initiated. Up-to-date research has established the effectiveness of the CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism in targeting the genetic and epigenetic alterations in OA by suppressing or deleting gene expressions and eventually distributing distinctive anti-arthritic properties in both in vitro and in vivo osteoarthritic models. This review aims to epitomize the role of this high-throughput and multiplexed gene editing method as an analogous therapeutic strategy that could greatly facilitate the clinical development of OA-related treatments since it's reportedly an easy, minimally invasive technique, and a comparatively less painful method for osteoarthritic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexhina Vlashi
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopaedics & Skeletal Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Haibo Li
- The Central Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China.
- Ningbo Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Embryogenic Diseases, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Chiappelli F, Penhaskashi J. Toward a fractalomic idiotype/anti-idiotypic paradigm. Bioinformation 2022; 18:730-733. [PMID: 37426493 PMCID: PMC10326330 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The CoViD-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for future developments in anti-viral immunology. We propose that artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, and in particular fractal analysis could play a crucial role in that context. Fractals - never-ending repeats of self-similar shapes whose composite tend to resemble the whole - are found in most natural biological structures including immunoglobulin and antigenic epitopes. Increased knowledge of the fractalomic properties of the idiotype/anti-idiotypic paradigm should help develop a novel and improved simplified artificial model of the immune system. Case in point, the regulation and dampening of antibodies as well as the synergetic recognition of an antigen by multiple idiotypes are both immune mechanisms that require further analysis. An enhanced understanding of these complexities could lead to better data analysis for novel vaccines to improve their sensitivity and specificity as well as open other new doors in the field of immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaden Penhaskashi
- West Valley Dental Implant Center, Encino, CA 91316 (minimallyinvasiveperio.com)
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Yin B, Ni J, Witherel CE, Yang M, Burdick JA, Wen C, Wong SHD. Harnessing Tissue-derived Extracellular Vesicles for Osteoarthritis Theranostics. Theranostics 2022; 12:207-231. [PMID: 34987642 PMCID: PMC8690930 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic whole-joint disease characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation, degeneration of joint-related tissues such as articular cartilage, and alteration of bone structures that can eventually lead to disability. Emerging evidence has indicated that synovium or articular cartilage-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to OA pathogenesis and physiology, including transporting and enhancing the production of inflammatory mediators and cartilage degrading proteinases. Bioactive components of EVs are known to play a role in OA include microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and proteins. Thus, OA tissues-derived EVs can be used in combination with advanced nanomaterial-based biosensors for the diagnostic assessment of OA progression. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cell- or platelet-rich plasma-derived EVs (MSC-EVs or PRP-EVs) have high therapeutic value for treating OA, such as suppressing the inflammatory immune microenvironment, which is often enriched by pro-inflammatory immune cells and cytokines that reduce chondrocytes apoptosis. Moreover, those EVs can be modified or incorporated into biomaterials for enhanced targeting and prolonged retention to treat OA effectively. In this review, we explore recently reported OA-related pathological biomarkers from OA joint tissue-derived EVs and discuss the possibility of current biosensors for detecting EVs and EV-related OA biomarkers. We summarize the applications of MSC-EVs and PRP-EVs and discuss their limitations for cartilage regeneration and alleviating OA symptoms. Additionally, we identify advanced therapeutic strategies, including engineered EVs and applying biomaterials to increase the efficacy of EV-based OA therapies. Finally, we provide our perspective on the future of EV-related diagnosis and therapeutic potential for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Junguo Ni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | | | - Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, PA 16802, USA.,✉ Corresponding authors: Jason A. Burdick: . Chunyi Wen: . Siu Hong Dexter Wong:
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,Research Institute of Smart Ageing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Jason A. Burdick: . Chunyi Wen: . Siu Hong Dexter Wong:
| | - Siu Hong Dexter Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Jason A. Burdick: . Chunyi Wen: . Siu Hong Dexter Wong:
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Tanikella AS, Hardy MJ, Frahs SM, Cormier AG, Gibbons KD, Fitzpatrick CK, Oxford JT. Emerging Gene-Editing Modalities for Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176046. [PMID: 32842631 PMCID: PMC7504272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a pathological degenerative condition of the joints that is widely prevalent worldwide, resulting in significant pain, disability, and impaired quality of life. The diverse etiology and pathogenesis of OA can explain the paucity of viable preventive and disease-modifying strategies to counter it. Advances in genome-editing techniques may improve disease-modifying solutions by addressing inherited predisposing risk factors and the activity of inflammatory modulators. Recent progress on technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 and cell-based genome-editing therapies targeting the genetic and epigenetic alternations in OA offer promising avenues for early diagnosis and the development of personalized therapies. The purpose of this literature review was to concisely summarize the genome-editing options against chronic degenerative joint conditions such as OA with a focus on the more recently emerging modalities, especially CRISPR/Cas9. Future advancements in novel genome-editing therapies may improve the efficacy of such targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alekya S. Tanikella
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.S.T.); (M.J.H.); (S.M.F.)
| | - Makenna J. Hardy
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.S.T.); (M.J.H.); (S.M.F.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Programs, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Frahs
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.S.T.); (M.J.H.); (S.M.F.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Programs, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Aidan G. Cormier
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.G.C.); (K.D.G.); (C.K.F.)
| | - Kalin D. Gibbons
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.G.C.); (K.D.G.); (C.K.F.)
| | - Clare K. Fitzpatrick
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.G.C.); (K.D.G.); (C.K.F.)
| | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (A.S.T.); (M.J.H.); (S.M.F.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Programs, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-208-426-2395
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Groove structure of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds (HAS) modulates immune environment via regulating macrophages and subsequently enhances osteogenesis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:733-745. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01687-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chiappelli F, Balenton N, Khakshooy A. Future Innovations in Viral Immune Surveillance: A Novel Place for Bioinformation and Artificial Intelligence in the Administration of Health Care. Bioinformation 2018; 14:201-205. [PMID: 30108416 PMCID: PMC6077824 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel developments in bioinformation, bioinformatics and biostatistics, including artificial intelligence (AI), play a timely and critical role in translational care. Case in point, the extent to which viral immune surveillance is regulated by immune cells and soluble factors, and by non-immune factors informs the administration of health care. The events by which health is regained following viral infection is an allostatic process, which can be modeled using Hilbert's and Volterra's mathematical biology criteria, and biostatistical methodologies such as linear multiple regression. Health regained following viral infection can be given as Y being the sum-total of the positive factors and events (∏) that inherently push allostasis forward (i.e., the orderly process of immune activation and maturation) and the negative (N) factors and events that, allostatically speaking, interfere with regaining health. Any gaps in knowledge are filled by AI-aided immune tweening. Proof of concept can be tested with the fast-gaining infection using tick-borne Bunyavirus that cause severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Chiappelli
- UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
- CSUN Department of the Health Sciences, Northridge, CA
| | - Nicole Balenton
- UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
- CSUN Department of the Health Sciences, Northridge, CA
- UCLA School of Nursing
| | - Allen Khakshooy
- UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 3109601
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