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Sabotič J, Bayram E, Ezra D, Gaudêncio SP, Haznedaroğlu BZ, Janež N, Ktari L, Luganini A, Mandalakis M, Safarik I, Simes D, Strode E, Toruńska-Sitarz A, Varamogianni-Mamatsi D, Varese GC, Vasquez MI. A guide to the use of bioassays in exploration of natural resources. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 71:108307. [PMID: 38185432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Bioassays are the main tool to decipher bioactivities from natural resources thus their selection and quality are critical for optimal bioprospecting. They are used both in the early stages of compounds isolation/purification/identification, and in later stages to evaluate their safety and efficacy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the most common bioassays used in the discovery and development of new bioactive compounds with a focus on marine bioresources. We present a comprehensive list of practical considerations for selecting appropriate bioassays and discuss in detail the bioassays typically used to explore antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-ageing potential. The concept of quality control and bioassay validation are introduced, followed by safety considerations, which are critical to advancing bioactive compounds to a higher stage of development. We conclude by providing an application-oriented view focused on the development of pharmaceuticals, food supplements, and cosmetics, the industrial pipelines where currently known marine natural products hold most potential. We highlight the importance of gaining reliable bioassay results, as these serve as a starting point for application-based development and further testing, as well as for consideration by regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Engin Bayram
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - David Ezra
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, The Volcani Institute, P.O.Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Susana P Gaudêncio
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Biomolecular Sciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Blue Biotechnology & Biomedicine Lab, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Berat Z Haznedaroğlu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Nika Janež
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leila Ktari
- B3Aqua Laboratory, National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Manolis Mandalakis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ivo Safarik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISBB, CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dina Simes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; 2GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Evita Strode
- Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Agency of Daugavpils University, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Anna Toruńska-Sitarz
- Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Despoina Varamogianni-Mamatsi
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Marlen I Vasquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
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Elleuch J, Hadj Kacem F, Ben Amor F, Hadrich B, Michaud P, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Extracellular neutral protease from Arthrospira platensis: Production, optimization and partial characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1491-1498. [PMID: 33202265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are industrially important catalysts. They belong to a complex family of enzymes that perform highly focused proteolysis functions. Given their potential use, there has been renewed interest in the discovery of proteases with novel properties and a constant thrust to optimize the enzyme production. In the present study, a novel extracellular neutral protease produced from Arthrospira platensis was detected and characterized. Its proteolytic activity was strongly activated by β-mercaptoethanol, 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and highly inhibited by Hg2+ and Zn2+ metal ions which support the fact that the studied protease belongs to the cysteine protease family. Using statistical modelling methodology, the logistic model has been selected to predict A. platensis growth-kinetic values. The optimal culture conditions for neutral protease production were found using Box-Behnken Design. The maximum experimental protease activities (159.79 U/mL) was achieved after 13 days of culture in an optimized Zarrouk medium containing 0.625 g/L NaCl, 0.625 g/L K2HPO4 and set on 9.5 initial pH. The extracellular protease of A. platensis can easily be used in the food industry for its important activity at neutral pH and its low production cost since it is a valuation of the residual culture medium after biomass recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Farah Hadj Kacem
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faten Ben Amor
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bilel Hadrich
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoroire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Khadka S, Adhikari S, Thapa A, Panday R, Adhikari M, Sapkota S, Regmi RS, Adhikari NP, Proshad R, Koirala N. Screening and Optimization of Newly Isolated Thermotolerant Lysinibacillus fusiformis Strain SK for Protease and Antifungal Activity. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1558-1568. [PMID: 32248284 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to isolate, identify and characterize a Bacillus sp. capable of producing protease and exhibiting antifungal activity. A highly potent bacterium capable of producing protease abundantly was isolated from the soil collected from the waste pit near Microbiology Laboratory of Birendra Multiple Campus, Bharatpur and later on identified as Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain SK on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequencing techniques. The strain SK showed 98.36% similarity with L. fusiformis strain NBRC 15717. Using R-programming statistical analysis tool, the optimum incubation time for the highest average protease production (APP) (47.2 U/mL) was found to be 22 h at 50 °C and both incubation time and temperature showed a significant impact on the production of protease (P < 0.01). The maximum average relative protease activity (ARPA) was observed at pH 7.8 and 48 °C, whereas the least ARPA was observed in the presence of 80 g/L NaCl and 10 g/L HgCl2 (P < 0.01). The newly isolated bacterial strain also exhibited strong antifungal activity against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus suggesting that it can be a potential candidate for protease production and activity over a wider range of temperature and pH as well as for synthesizing effective antifungal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Chitwan, Bharatpur, 44200, Nepal.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sanjib Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Chitwan, Bharatpur, 44200, Nepal.
| | - Alina Thapa
- State Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Raju Panday
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Manjila Adhikari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sanjeep Sapkota
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Chitwan, Bharatpur, 44200, Nepal.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ramesh Sharma Regmi
- Department of Microbiology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Chitwan, Bharatpur, 44200, Nepal
| | - Namita Paudel Adhikari
- State Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Niranjan Koirala
- Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu, 44613, Nepal.,Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
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Bastiaan-Net S, Pina-Pérez MC, Dekkers BJW, Westphal AH, America AHP, Ariëns RMC, de Jong NW, Wichers HJ, Mes JJ. Identification and in silico bioinformatics analysis of PR10 proteins in cashew nut. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1581-1595. [PMID: 32219913 PMCID: PMC7314402 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteins from cashew nut can elicit mild to severe allergic reactions. Three allergenic proteins have already been identified, and it is expected that additional allergens are present in cashew nut. pathogenesis‐related protein 10 (PR10) allergens from pollen have been found to elicit similar allergic reactions as those from nuts and seeds. Therefore, we investigated the presence of PR10 genes in cashew nut. Using RNA‐seq analysis, we were able to identify several PR10‐like transcripts in cashew nut and clone six putative PR10 genes. In addition, PR10 protein expression in raw cashew nuts was confirmed by immunoblotting and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analyses. An in silico allergenicity assessment suggested that all identified cashew PR10 proteins are potentially allergenic and may represent three different isoallergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bas J W Dekkers
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrie H Westphal
- Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine H P America
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renata M C Ariëns
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette W de Jong
- Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry J Wichers
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan J Mes
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Ahmad A, Verma HN, Bharti P, Pandey K, Khan S, Dev K. Protein purification from Arachis hypogaea in one step: stability studies and anticarcinogenic analysis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:35-43. [PMID: 31976125 PMCID: PMC6949355 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study involved purification of trypsin inhibitor from the seeds of Indian peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), a member of leguminosae family. The inhibitor was purified to homogeneity via three sequential step procedure i.e., salt precipitation to anion-exchange chromatography. The purity and molecular mass was detected using SDS PAGE analysis i.e. ~ 16 kDa. The purified inhibitor termed as Peanut Trypsin Inhibitor (PTI) which inhibits trypsin belonging to serpins family. Anti- neoplastic potential on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal Human Embryonic Kidney cells (HEK) was determined using MTT assay. PTI exhibited IC50 value of ~ 18.412 µg/mL in HEK cells compared to ~ 9.635 µg/mL in MCF-7 cells. The values were quite comparable to curcumin, the standard anticancer drug demonstrating IC50 values of ~ 21.581 µg/mL and ~ 7.135 µg/mL in HEK and MCF-7 respectively. Therefore, we conclude that PTI may be used as supplement along with the conventional drugs for increased efficacy in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaque Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017 India
| | - Hirday N. Verma
- School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017 India
| | - Prahalad Bharti
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Kamlesh Pandey
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
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