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Pedroni L, Doherty DZ, Dall'Asta C, Galaverna G, Bell SG, Dellafiora L. Computational methods meet in vitro techniques: A case study on fusaric acid and its possible detoxification through cytochrome P450 enzymes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116167. [PMID: 38447519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are known environmental pollutants that may contaminate food and feed chains. Some mycotoxins are regulated in many countries to limit the trading of contaminated and harmful commodities. However, the so-called emerging mycotoxins are poorly understood and need to be investigated further. Fusaric acid is an emerging mycotoxin, noxious to plants and animals, but is known to be less toxic to plants when hydroxylated. The detoxification routes effective in animals have not been elucidated yet. In this context, this study integrated in silico and in vitro techniques to discover potential bioremediation routes to turn fusaric acid to its less toxic metabolites. The toxicodynamics of these forms in humans have also been addressed. An in silico screening process, followed by molecular docking and dynamics studies, identified CYP199A4 from the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris HaA2 as a potential fusaric acid biotransforming enzyme. Its activity was confirmed in vitro. However, the effect of hydroxylation seemed to have a limited impact on the modelled toxicodynamics against human targets. This study represents a starting point to develop a hybrid in silico/in vitro pipeline to find bioremediation agents for other food, feed and environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pedroni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Stephen G Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Zaman A, Bivona TG. Quantitative Framework for Bench-to-Bedside Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5254. [PMID: 36358671 PMCID: PMC9658824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioscience is an interdisciplinary venture. Driven by a quantum shift in the volume of high throughput data and in ready availability of data-intensive technologies, mathematical and quantitative approaches have become increasingly common in bioscience. For instance, a recent shift towards a quantitative description of cells and phenotypes, which is supplanting conventional qualitative descriptions, has generated immense promise and opportunities in the field of bench-to-bedside cancer OMICS, chemical biology and pharmacology. Nevertheless, like any burgeoning field, there remains a lack of shared and standardized framework for quantitative cancer research. Here, in the context of cancer, we present a basic framework and guidelines for bench-to-bedside quantitative research and therapy. We outline some of the basic concepts and their parallel use cases for chemical-protein interactions. Along with several recommendations for assay setup and conditions, we also catalog applications of these quantitative techniques in some of the most widespread discovery pipeline and analytical methods in the field. We believe adherence to these guidelines will improve experimental design, reduce variabilities and standardize quantitative datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubhishek Zaman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Trever G. Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Babinčák M, Jendželovský R, Košuth J, Majerník M, Vargová J, Mikulášek K, Zdráhal Z, Fedoročko P. Death Receptor 5 (TNFRSF10B) Is Upregulated and TRAIL Resistance Is Reversed in Hypoxia and Normoxia in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines after Treatment with Skyrin, the Active Metabolite of Hypericum spp. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1646. [PMID: 33916015 PMCID: PMC8036732 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skyrin (SKR) is a plant bisanthraquinone secondary metabolite from the Hypericum genus with potential use in anticancer therapy. However, its effect and mechanism of action are still unknown. The negative effect of SKR on HCT 116 and HT-29 cancer cell lines in hypoxic and normoxic conditions was observed. HCT 116 cells were more responsive to SKR treatment as demonstrated by decreased metabolic activity, cellularity and accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. Moreover, an increasing number of apoptotic cells was observed after treatment with SKR. Based on the LC-MS comparative proteomic data from hypoxia and normoxia (data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD019995), SKR significantly upregulated Death receptor 5 (DR5), which was confirmed by real-time qualitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, multiple changes in the Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-activated cascade were observed. Moreover, the reversion of TRAIL resistance was observed in HCT 116, HT-29 and SW620 cell lines, even in hypoxia, which was linked to the upregulation of DR5. In conclusion, our results propose the use of SKR as a prospective anticancer drug, particularly as an adjuvant to TRAIL-targeting treatment to reverse TRAIL resistance in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Babinčák
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Ján Košuth
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Martin Majerník
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Jana Vargová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Kamil Mikulášek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (Z.Z.)
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (Z.Z.)
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
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Nabeelah Bibi S, Fawzi MM, Gokhan Z, Rajesh J, Nadeem N, Kannan R R R, R D D G A, Pandian SK. Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Global Distribution of Mangroves-A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E231. [PMID: 31003533 PMCID: PMC6520788 DOI: 10.3390/md17040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangroves are ecologically important plants in marine habitats that occupy the coastlines of many countries. In addition to their key ecological importance, various parts of mangroves are widely used in folklore medicine and claimed to effectively manage a panoply of human pathologies. To date, no comprehensive attempt has been made to compile and critically analyze the published literature in light of its ethnopharmacological uses. This review aims to provide a comprehensive account of the morphological characteristics, ethnobotany, global distribution, taxonomy, ethnopharmacology, phytochemical profiles, and pharmacological activities of traditionally used mangroves. Out of 84 mangrove species, only 27 species were found to be traditionally used, however not all of them are pharmacologically validated. The most common pharmacological activities reported were antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties. Mangroves traditionally reported against ulcers have not been extensively validated for possible pharmacological properties. Terpenoids, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins were the main classes of phytochemicals isolated from mangroves. Given that mangroves have huge potential for a wide array of medicinal products and drug discovery to prevent and treat many diseases, there is a dire need for careful investigations substantiated with accurate scientific and clinical evidence to ensure safety and efficient use of these plants and validate their pharmacological properties and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeer Nabeelah Bibi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80835, Mauritius.
| | | | - Zengin Gokhan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42250 Konya, Turkey.
| | - Jeewon Rajesh
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80835, Mauritius.
| | - Nazurally Nadeem
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80835, Mauritius.
| | - Rengasamy Kannan R R
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India.
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Kimáková K, Kimáková A, Idkowiak J, Stobiecki M, Rodziewicz P, Marczak Ł, Čellárová E. Phenotyping the genus Hypericum by secondary metabolite profiling: emodin vs. skyrin, two possible key intermediates in hypericin biosynthesis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7689-7699. [PMID: 30291388 PMCID: PMC6244766 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of compounds that occur in the genus Hypericum are listed as effective drugs of natural origin. The main biological activities of several Hypericum representatives are due to the presence of naphthodianthrones, phloroglucinols, and other diverse groups of secondary metabolites that synergistically contribute to their therapeutic effects. The regulation of biosynthesis of hypericin as the key bioactive naphthodianthrone remains uncertain. Here, we present liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based phenotyping of 17 Hypericum species, the results of which suggest an important role for skyrin and its derivatives in the polyketide pathway that leads to hypericin formation. Moreover, we report for the first time the presence of new metabolites in the genus Hypericum that are related to classes of anthraquinones, their derivatives, and phloroglucinols. As skyrin and other species of anthraquinones are rarely found in higher plants but frequently occur in fungal microorganisms, the obtained results suggest that further research on the synthesis pathways of hypericin and the role of anthraquinone derivatives in plant metabolism should be carried out. The fact that these compounds are commonly synthesized in endophytic fungi and perhaps there is some similarity in the metabolic pathways between these organisms should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Kimáková
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Genetics, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Kimáková
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Genetics, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Idkowiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Stobiecki
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Rodziewicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Genetics, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
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Xiong X, Zhang HM, Wu TT, Xu L, Gan YL, Jiang LS, Zhang L, Guo SL. Titer dynamic analysis of D29 within MTB-infected macrophages and effect on immune function of macrophages. Exp Lung Res 2014; 40:86-98. [PMID: 24446702 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2013.873841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of mycobacteriophage D29 to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-infected macrophages results in significant inhibitory activity. This study aims to explore the novel treatment strategy of intracellular mycobacterial infection from the point of view of phages. We investigated the dynamic phagocytosis and elimination of D29 by macrophages, measured the titer of D29 inside and outside MTB within macrophages by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and detected the levels of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and nitric oxide (NO) in the culture supernatants of D29-infected macrophages by ELISA. Results showed that the activity of D29 phagocytosed by macrophages was significantly lower than that of D29 phagocytosed by MTB-infected macrophages. The titer of D29 that infected intracellular MTB ranged from 10(9) pfu to 10(4) pfu. The titer of D29 inside and outside intracellular MTB transiently increased when MTB-infected macrophages were incubated with D29 for 40 and 50 min; then, a large number of D29 were eliminated by macrophages. The levels of IL-12 and NO had no significant differences versus the negative control but were significantly lower compared with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) positive control. These results suggest D29 has no effect on the immune function of macrophages and that high phage titer must be administered repeatedly if D29 is applied to treat intracellular MTB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiong
- 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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