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Swain CT, Drummond AE, Milne RL, English DR, Brown KA, Lou MW, Boing L, Bageley A, Skinner TL, van Roekel EH, Moore MM, Gaunt TR, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Lynch BM. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:588-596. [PMID: 36867865 PMCID: PMC10150243 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of physical activity on breast cancer incidence may partially be mediated by inflammation. Systematic searches of Medline, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus were performed to identify intervention studies, Mendelian randomization studies, and prospective cohort studies that examined the effects of physical activity on circulating inflammatory biomarkers in adult women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to determine the overall quality of the evidence. Thirty-five intervention studies and one observational study met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) indicated that, compared with control groups, exercise interventions reduced levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.62 to 0.08), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα, SMD = -0.63, 95% CI = -1.04 to -0.22), interleukin-6 (IL6, SMD = -0.55, 95% CI = -0.97 to -0.13) and leptin (SMD = -0.50, 95% CI = -1.10 to 0.09). Owing to heterogeneity in effect estimates and imprecision, evidence strength was graded as low (CRP, leptin) or moderate (TNFα and IL6). High-quality evidence indicated that exercise did not change adiponectin levels (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.14 to 0.17). These findings provide support for the biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-inflammation-breast cancer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann E. Drummond
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R. English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristy A. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Makayla W.C. Lou
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leonessa Boing
- Laboratory of Research in Leisure and Physical Activity, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Amy Bageley
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tina L. Skinner
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Eline H. van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa M. Moore
- Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J. Lewis
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brigid M. Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Kang SJ, Ahn CH. The effects of home-based stair and normal walking exercises on lower extremity functional ability, fall risk factors, and cardiovascular health risk factors in middle-aged older women. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:584-591. [PMID: 31523681 PMCID: PMC6732555 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938362.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to exam 12 weeks of stair and normal walking effects on lower extremity functional ability and cardiovascular health risk factors in middle-aged older women. Twenty-four subjects were assigned either to the stair walking group (SWG, 57.40±6.11 years, n=10) or the normal walking group (NWG, 57.28±16.83 years, n= 14). They performed exercises 3 times per week, 60 min per day for 12 weeks. Lower extremity functional ability (lower extremity muscular strength, walking speed, active and static balance ability, and agility) and cardiovascular health risk factors were compared by time and groups using a two-way repeated analysis of variance and mean values were compared within group using paired t-test. As results, significant time differences were found in lower extremity muscular strength, walking speed and active balance; no time and group interactions were found. Also, significant time differences were found in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose. Significant time and group interactions were found in body fat. In addition, significant time differences within the groups were found in lower extremity muscular strength, walking speed, active balance in SWG and NWG; systolic blood pressure in SWG; systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose in NWG. These results indicated that home-based stair and normal walking exercises can be utilized to improve lower extremity functional ability and cardiovascular health risk factors in middle-aged and older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Jung Kang
- Department of Sport & Health Care, College of Art & Culture, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Sport & Health Care, College of Art & Culture, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
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Hanna M, Dumas I, Orain M, Jacob S, Têtu B, Diorio C. Association between physical activity and the expression of mediators of inflammation in normal breast tissue among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Cytokine 2017; 102:151-160. [PMID: 29102166 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with decreased breast cancer risk. The underlying biological mechanisms could include the reduction of the local inflammation in the breast tissue. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the association between the physical activity and the protein expression levels of eleven mediators of inflammation in normal breast tissue of 164 women having breast cancer. Information on total physical activity (household, occupational and recreational) performed during a one-year period was collected using a questionnaire. Normal breast tissue was obtained from mastectomy blocks distant from the tumor. The expression of the mediators of inflammation in normal breast tissue was visually evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for higher protein expression levels of the mediators of inflammation in normal breast tissue across quartiles of physical activity. Higher total physical activity was associated with lower expression levels of the pro-inflammatory mediator TNF-α in normal breast epithelial tissue among all (PR=0.64, 95% CI=0.44-0.93 for the fourth quartile; Ptrend=0.013), premenopausal (PR=0.61, 95% CI=0.41-0.91 for the fourth quartile; Ptrend=0.014) and postmenopausal women (PR=0.45, 95% CI=0.21-0.96 for the fourth quartile; Ptrend=0.022). Conversely, higher total physical activity was associated with higher expression levels of the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 in normal breast epithelial tissue among all (PR=1.66, 95% CI=0.97-2.85 for the fourth quartile; Ptrend=0.071) and postmenopausal women (PR=4.69, 95% CI=1.26-17.43 for the fourth quartile; Ptrend=0.010). Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of physical activity on the local inflammatory profile in the breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirette Hanna
- Oncology Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Isabelle Dumas
- Oncology Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michèle Orain
- Oncology Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Simon Jacob
- Oncology Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Service of Molecular Biology, Medical Chemistry and Pathology, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec, Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Chemistry and Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Bernard Têtu
- Oncology Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Service of Molecular Biology, Medical Chemistry and Pathology, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec, Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Chemistry and Pathology, Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Oncology Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center, Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Université Laval,1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Abstract
Over the past 20 years after the discovery of adiponectin, much knowledge about its effect in health and disease has been gained. Adiponectin has antidiabetic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, metabolic, vasoprotective, and antiapoptotic properties. However, an understanding stems from the given literature review that much remains to be explored. Adiponectin has not yet commonly used in clinical practice, but cardiologists, endocrinologists, pediatricians, oncologists, and physicians of many specialties are interested in its preventive and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Tereshchenko
- Acad. E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Perm, Russia
| | - Ya A Kamenskikh
- Acad. E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Perm, Russia
| | - A A Suslina
- Acad. E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Perm, Russia
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Musil F, Blaha V, Ticha A, Hyspler R, Haluzik M, Lesna J, Smahelova A, Sobotka L. Effects of body weight reduction on plasma leptin and adiponectin/leptin ratio in obese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Physiol Res 2014; 64:221-8. [PMID: 25317681 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the changes in the adipokines leptin and adiponectin in obese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who underwent seven days of fasting and 21 days of low-calorie diet (LCD). The plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured in 14 obese patients with T1DM at baseline, immediately after 7 days of fasting, and after 21 days of LCD. 13 non-obese patients with T1DM were studied only after an overnight fasting. Bioimpedance technique was used for determination of body composition. Obese T1DM patients lost 6.0 kg (6.0; 6.8) (median, 25 %; 75 %) and decreased their fat tissue after fasting and LCD. Plasma leptin in obese T1DM was significantly higher than in non-obese T1DM patients: 9.10 (5.06; 25.89) vs. 1.71 (1.12; 7.08) microg . l(-1) and transiently decreased immediately after fasting: 3.45 microg . l(-1) (1.47; 7.00), (P<0.05). Adiponectin/leptin ratio in obese T1DM was significantly lower than in non-obese T1DM patients: 0.67 (0.57; 1.49) vs. 3.50 (2.46; 6.30) . 10(3) and transiently increased immediately after fasting: 2.22 (1.26; 3.24) . 10(3), (P<0.05). We conclude that obese patients with T1DM are characterized by hyperleptinemia that is reduced by prolonged fasting, but only slightly affected by low calorie diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Musil
- Department of Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital Hradec Králové and Medical Faculty Charles University in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Golubic R, May AM, Benjaminsen Borch K, Overvad K, Charles MA, Diaz MJT, Amiano P, Palli D, Valanou E, Vigl M, Franks PW, Wareham N, Ekelund U, Brage S. Validity of electronically administered Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire (RPAQ) in ten European countries. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92829. [PMID: 24667343 PMCID: PMC3965465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the validity of the Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire (RPAQ) which assesses physical activity (PA) in 4 domains (leisure, work, commuting, home) during past month. METHODS 580 men and 1343 women from 10 European countries attended 2 visits at which PA energy expenditure (PAEE), time at moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and sedentary time were measured using individually-calibrated combined heart-rate and movement sensing. At the second visit, RPAQ was administered electronically. Validity was assessed using agreement analysis. RESULTS RPAQ significantly underestimated PAEE in women [median(IQR): 34.9 (22.3, 52.8) vs. 40.6 (32.4, 50.9) kJ/kg/day, 95%LoA: -44.4, 66.1 kJ/kg/day) and overestimated PAEE in men [45.9 (30.6, 71.1) vs. 45.5 (34.1, 57.6) kJ/kg/day, 95%LoA: -44.8, 102.6 kJ/kg/day]. Using individualised definition of 1MET, RPAQ significantly underestimated MVPA in women [median(IQR): 63.7 (30.5, 126.9) vs. 73.6 (47.8, 107.2) min/day, 95%LoA: -127.4, 311.9 min/day] and overestimated MVPA in men [90.0 (42.3, 188.6) vs. 83.3 (55.1, 125.0) min/day, 95%LoA: -134.8, 427.3 min/day]. Correlations (95%CI) between subjective and objective estimates were statistically significant [PAEE: women, rho = 0.20 (0.15-0.26); men, rho = 0.37 (0.30-0.44); MVPA: women, rho = 0.18 (0.13-0.24); men, rho = 0.31 (0.24-0.38)]. When using non-individualised definition of 1MET (3.5 mlO2/kg/min), MVPA was substantially overestimated (16 min/day, and 32 min/day in women and men, respectively). Revisiting occupational intensity assumptions in questionnaire estimation algorithms with occupational group-level empirical distributions reduced median PAEE-bias in manual (38.8 kJ/kg/day vs. 6.8 kJ/kg/day, p<0.001) and heavy manual workers (63.6 vs. -2.8 kJ/kg/day, p<0.001) in an independent hold-out sample [corrected]. CONCLUSION Relative validity of RPAQ-derived PAEE and MVPA is comparable to previous studies but underestimation of PAEE is smaller. Electronic RPAQ may be used in large-scale epidemiological studies including surveys, providing information on all domains of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajna Golubic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M. May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristin Benjaminsen Borch
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark and Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Lifelong epidemiology of obesity, diabètes and chronic renal disease Team, F-94807, Villejuif, France; Univ Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Jose Tormo Diaz
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department Sociosanitary Sciences, Murcia School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Subdirección de Salud Pública de Gipuzkoa, Gobierno Vasco, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Matthaeus Vigl
- Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology & Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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