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吴 江, 吴 永, 杨 韵, 余 靖, 傅 饶, 孙 悦, 肖 谦. [Mibefradil improves skeletal muscle mass, function and structure in obese mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1032-1037. [PMID: 35869766 PMCID: PMC9308873 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.07.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of mibefradil on skeletal muscle mass, function and structure in obese mice. METHODS Fifteen 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized equally into normal diet group (control group), high-fat diet (HFD) group and high-fat diet +mibefradil intervention group (HFD +Mibe group). The grip strength of the mice was measured using an electronic grip strength meter, and the muscle content of the hindlimb was analyzed by X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels of the mice were measured with GPO-PAP method. The cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers was observed with HE staining. The changes in the level of autophagy in the muscles were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay, and the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was detected with Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with those in the control group, the mice in HFD group had a significantly greater body weight, lower relative grip strength, smaller average cross sectional area of the muscle fibers, and a lower hindlimb muscle ratio (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence assay revealed a homogenous distribution of LC3 emitting light red fluorescence in the cytoplasm in the muscle cells in HFD group and HFD+Mibe group, while bright spots of red fluorescence were detected in HFD group. In HFD group, the muscular tissues of the mice showed an increased expression level of LC3 II protein with lowered expressions of p62 protein and phosphorylated AKT and mTOR (P < 0.05). Mibefradil treatment significantly reduced body weight of the mice, lowered the expression level of p62 protein, and increased forelimb grip strength, hindlimb muscle ratio, cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers, and the expression levels of LC3 II protein and phosphorylated AKT and mTOR (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Mibefradil treatment can moderate high-fat diet-induced weight gain and improve muscle mass and function in obese mice possibly by activating AKT/mTOR signal pathway to improve lipid metabolism and inhibit obesityinduced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- 江豪 吴
- />重庆医科大学附属第一医院老年病科,重庆 400016Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - 永鑫 吴
- />重庆医科大学附属第一医院老年病科,重庆 400016Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - 韵菲 杨
- />重庆医科大学附属第一医院老年病科,重庆 400016Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - 靖 余
- />重庆医科大学附属第一医院老年病科,重庆 400016Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - 饶 傅
- />重庆医科大学附属第一医院老年病科,重庆 400016Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - 悦 孙
- />重庆医科大学附属第一医院老年病科,重庆 400016Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - 谦 肖
- />重庆医科大学附属第一医院老年病科,重庆 400016Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Ying D, Mengya S, Peilin L, Lingong Z, Huan M, Jing X, Le Z, Kebin Z, Bin C, Jun Y, Shaodong G, Zihui X. Mibefradil reduces hepatic glucose output in HepG2 cells via Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-dependent Akt/forkhead box O1signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174296. [PMID: 34224697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects and underlying mechanisms of mibefradil on gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis were investigated using insulin-resistant HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). HepG2 cells were divided into one of four groups: control, palmitate (PA)-induced insulin-resistance (0.25 mM), low-concentration mibefradil (0.025 μM), or high-concentration mibefradil (0.05 μM). Glycogen synthesis and glucose consumption were evaluated in these HepG2 cells, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting techniques were used to detect expression of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase). Intracellular calcium concentrations were determined using Fluo-4 AM, and phosphorylation levels of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), protein kinase B (Akt) and FoxO1were detected by western blotting. Immunofluorescence was used for the localization and quantification of FoxO1.In vitro results were verified using a mouse model of T2DM. In HepG2 cells and mouse liver tissues, mibefradil decreased PA-induced cytoplasmic calcium levels and CaMKII phosphorylation, but increased the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1, thereby contributing to the cytoplasmic localization of FoxO1. Additionally, mibefradil alleviated PA-induced glucose output and insulin resistance through increased glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis, while decreasing the expression of key gluconeogenesis enzymes, including PEPCK and G6Pase. Mibefradil may help to control blood sugar levels by reducing glucose output and insulin resistance, and the mechanism of action may involve the Ca2+-CaMKII-dependent Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Ying
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shan Mengya
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Li Peilin
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhao Lingong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Ma Huan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhang Le
- National Drug Clinical Trail Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhang Kebin
- National Drug Clinical Trail Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chen Bin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Jun
- Department of One, Research Institute of Surgery &Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Guo Shaodong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xu Zihui
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Ben Guebila M, Thiele I. Dynamic flux balance analysis of whole-body metabolism for type 1 diabetes. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 1:348-361. [PMID: 38217214 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-021-00074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) mellitus is a systemic disease triggered by a local autoimmune inflammatory reaction in insulin-producing cells that induce organ-wide, long-term metabolic effects. Mathematical modeling of the whole-body regulatory bihormonal system has helped to identify therapeutic interventions but is limited to a coarse-grained representation of metabolism. To extend the depiction of T1D, we developed a whole-body model of organ-specific regulation and metabolism that highlighted chronic inflammation as a hallmark of the disease, identified processes related to neurodegenerative disorders and suggested calcium channel blockers as adjuvants for diabetes control. In addition, whole-body modeling of a patient population allowed for the assessment of between-individual variability to insulin and suggested that peripheral glucose levels are degenerate biomarkers of the internal metabolic state. Taken together, the organ-resolved, dynamic modeling approach enables modeling and simulation of metabolic disease at greater levels of coverage and precision and the generation of hypothesis from a molecular level up to the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouen Ben Guebila
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome, Cork, Ireland.
- Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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Lu Y, Li M. A New Computer Model for Evaluating the Selective Binding Affinity of Phenylalkylamines to T-Type Ca 2+ Channels. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020141. [PMID: 33578931 PMCID: PMC7916697 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish a computer model for evaluating the binding affinity of phenylalkylamines (PAAs) to T-type Ca2+ channels (TCCs), we created new homology models for both TCCs and a L-type calcium channel (LCC). We found that PAAs have a high affinity for domains I and IV of TCCs and a low affinity for domains III and IV of the LCC. Therefore, they should be considered as favorable candidates for TCC blockers. The new homology models were validated with some commonly recognized TCC blockers that are well characterized. Additionally, examples of the TCC blockers created were also evaluated using these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lu
- Center for Aging, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-988-8207
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Deficiency of T-type voltage-gated calcium channels results in attenuated weight gain and improved endothelium-dependent dilatation of resistance vessels induced by a high-fat diet in mice. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:135-145. [PMID: 32016773 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The deletion of T-type Cav3.1 channels may reduce high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain, which correlates positively with obesity and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, experiments were designed to study the involvement of T-type Cav3.1 channels in HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction in mice. Wildtype (WT) and Cav3.1-/- mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or an HFD for 8 weeks. Body composition was assessed, and thoracic aortae and mesenteric arteries were harvested for myography to assess endothelium-dependent responses. Changes in intracellular calcium were measured by fluorescence imaging, and behavior was assessed with the open-field test. Cav3.1-/- mice had attenuated HFD-induced weight gain and lower total fat mass compared with WT mice. Cav3.1-/- mice on an HFD had reduced plasma cholesterol levels compared with WT mice on the same diet. Increased feeding efficiency, independent of food intake, was observed in WT mice on an HFD compared with an ND, but no difference in feeding efficiency between diets was observed for Cav3.1-/- mice. Nitric oxide-dependent dilatation was increased in mesenteric arteries of Cav3.1-/- mice compared with WT mice on an HFD, with no difference observed in aortae. No differences in mouse locomotor activity were observed between the experimental groups. Mice on an HFD lacking T-type channels have reduced weight gain, lower total cholesterol levels, and increased dilatation of resistance vessels compared with WT mice on an HFD, suggesting that Cav3.1 deletion protects against endothelial dysfunction in resistance vessels but not in large conduit vessels.
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Enhanced expression of β cell Ca V3.1 channels impairs insulin release and glucose homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:448-453. [PMID: 31871187 PMCID: PMC6955371 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908691117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We reveal that increased expression of CaV3.1 channels in rat islets selectively impairs first-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This deterioration is recapitulated in human islets. Its causal role in diabetes development is clearly manifested in an in vivo diabetic model. Mechanistically, this is due to reduction of phosphorylated FoxO1 in the cytoplasm, elevated FoxO1 nuclear retention, and decreased syntaxin 1A, SNAP-25, and synaptotagmin III in a CaV3.1 channel- and calcineurin-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that elevated expression of CaV3.1 channels in pancreatic islets drives FoxO1-mediated down-regulation of exocytotic proteins resulting in the diabetic phenotypes of impaired insulin secretion and aberrant glucose homeostasis. This causal connection pinpoints β cell CaV3.1 channels as a potential druggable target for antidiabetes therapy. Voltage-gated calcium 3.1 (CaV3.1) channels are absent in healthy mouse β cells and mediate minor T-type Ca2+ currents in healthy rat and human β cells but become evident under diabetic conditions. Whether more active CaV3.1 channels affect insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis remains enigmatic. We addressed this question by enhancing de novo expression of β cell CaV3.1 channels and exploring the consequent impacts on dynamic insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis as well as underlying molecular mechanisms with a series of in vitro and in vivo approaches. We now demonstrate that a recombinant adenovirus encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein–CaV3.1 subunit (Ad-EGFP-CaV3.1) efficiently transduced rat and human islets as well as dispersed islet cells. The resulting CaV3.1 channels conducted typical T-type Ca2+ currents, leading to an enhanced basal cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Ad-EGFP-CaV3.1-transduced islets released significantly less insulin under both the basal and first phases following glucose stimulation and could no longer normalize hyperglycemia in recipient rats rendered diabetic by streptozotocin treatment. Furthermore, Ad-EGFP-CaV3.1 transduction reduced phosphorylated FoxO1 in the cytoplasm of INS-1E cells, elevated FoxO1 nuclear retention, and decreased syntaxin 1A, SNAP-25, and synaptotagmin III. These effects were prevented by inhibiting CaV3.1 channels or the Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. Enhanced expression of β cell CaV3.1 channels therefore impairs insulin release and glucose homeostasis by means of initial excessive Ca2+ influx, subsequent activation of calcineurin, consequent dephosphorylation and nuclear retention of FoxO1, and eventual FoxO1-mediated down-regulation of β cell exocytotic proteins. The present work thus suggests an elevated expression of CaV3.1 channels plays a significant role in diabetes pathogenesis.
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Xia G, Wang X, Sun H, Qin Y, Fu M. Carnosic acid (CA) attenuates collagen-induced arthritis in db/db mice via inflammation suppression by regulating ROS-dependent p38 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:418-432. [PMID: 28343998 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease, characterized by inflammation of synovial joints. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene isolated from Rosmarinus officinailis, playing a central role in cytoprotective responses to oxidative stress and inflammation response. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of CA on RA progression in diabetic animals. Carnosic acid (CA) was used to treat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)-induced db/db mice. Blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were investigated to explore insulin resistance. CA significantly down-regulated fasting blood glucose, glucose level in OGTT and ITT, ameliorated CIA-induced bone loss, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in db/db mice with arthritis induced by CIA. In vitro, CA suppressed Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor-κ B Ligand (RANKL)- and Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-induced osteoclastogenesis. The osteoclastic specific markers were inhibited by CA. Signal transduction studies showed that CA significantly decreased the expression of molecules contributing to ROS and increased anti-oxidants. Additionally, CA inactivated the RANKL- and M-CSF-induced p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation, causing pro-inflammatory cytokines down-regulation. Together, CA ameliorated osteoclast formation and CIA-induced bone loss in db/db mice through inflammation suppression by regulating ROS-dependent p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Xia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China
| | - Yuhong Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100000, PR China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, PR China.
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