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Upadhyay M, Singh NK, Ashish A, Upadhyay M, Singh A, Singh R. The Rapid Evaluation of Down Syndrome With Quantitative Fluorescence Polymerase Chain Reaction (QF-PCR): A Pilot Study Among the Population in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Cureus 2024; 16:e59241. [PMID: 38813278 PMCID: PMC11134114 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by the presence of an additional chromosome; it is a typical chromosomal disorder causing intellectual disability in individuals. The diagnostic process for DS often involves conventional karyotyping, which can be time-consuming. Trisomy 21 and other chromosomal abnormalities may now be quickly and accurately diagnosed using quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR). In light of this, this study aimed to investigate chromosomal abnormalities in DS using conventional karyotyping and QF-PCR among the population in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods Blood samples from 40 individuals with clinically diagnosed DS were collected. Conventional karyotyping involved standard cytogenetic techniques, while QF-PCR utilized DNA extraction and analysis with chromosome-specific short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Results Various distinct physical characteristics were observed in the DS individuals, such as mongoloid slant and low-set ears. Karyotyping and QF-PCR analyses revealed different chromosomal configurations associated with DS trisomy 21, with additional chromosomal abnormalities found in some individuals, including partial monosomy 18 and mosaic trisomy 21. However, in a few cases, neither karyotyping nor QF-PCR revealed any abnormalities. Conclusions The study demonstrated that QF-PCR is a reliable and rapid method for diagnosing DS, providing results within 24 hours. This approach allows for the simultaneous diagnosis of a large number of samples and reduces the time required to obtain results. In the diagnostic procedure for DS, we believe QF-PCR will prove to be a useful tool. Furthermore, therapeutic interventions based on their clinical traits and molecular karyotyping can enhance the quality of life of people with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Upadhyay
- Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Nitish K Singh
- Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Ashish Ashish
- Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Meenakshi Upadhyay
- Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Ankur Singh
- Pediatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Royana Singh
- Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
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2
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Xu C, Peng J, Zhang Y, Liang S, Wang D. Detection of partial deletion and mosaicism using quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction: Case reports and a review of the literature. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24574. [PMID: 35766446 PMCID: PMC9396200 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y can be detected by the quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) performed with short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Although QF‐PCR is designed to detect whole chromosome trisomy, the partial deletion or mosaic of chromosomes may also be detected. Methods Partial deletion or mosaic of chromosomes in three cases was detected by QF‐PCR. Karyotyping and chromosome microarray analysis(CMA) were performed. We further reviewed the clinical utility of QF‐PCR in detecting mosaicisms and deletions/duplications. Results QF‐PCR demonstrated structurally abnormal 21, X, and Y chromosomes in primary amniotic cells. QF‐PCR results in these three cases showed abnormal peak height/peak area, which could not be interpreted according to the kit instructions. QF‐PCR results suggested that there were partial deletions or mosaicism, which were confirmed by karyotyping and CMA. Conclusion In addition to detecting trisomies of whole chromosomes, QF‐PCR can also detect deletion and mosaicism of chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y, which could suggest the presence of copy number variants (CNVs). Additional testing with genetic technologies, such as karyotyping or microarrays, is recommended when an uninformative pattern is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Xu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jianming Peng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Shaoxia Liang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Degang Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Moosavi SA, Hasannejad-Asl B, Kourosh Arami M, Nasuti M, Oguz MC, Naseri AH. Confirmatory test versus screening test analyses for fetal mosaic variations; a large scale study. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.2010450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Akbar Moosavi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Tehran Women Hospital, AST Genetic Lab, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Hasannejad-Asl
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advaned Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh Arami
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Allied Medicine College, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Nasuti
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehmet Cemal Oguz
- Health Service, Vocational College of Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Abdol-Hossain Naseri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xie M, Li J, Hu H, Wang P, Cong X, Li J, Dai L, Lu Y, Zhang W. Development and validation of a novel 26-plex system for prenatal diagnosis with forensic markers. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:527-537. [PMID: 35102446 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Short tandem repeat (STR) loci are commonly used in forensic casework, such as personal identification and paternity testing. In recent years, STR has also been widely used for rapid, accurate and automated prenatal diagnosis, known as quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF-PCR). Despite their usefulness, the current systems often lack the power to detect mosaicism for Turner syndrome. In this study, we developed a novel 26-plex system that combined the 22 STRs in chromosome 21/18/13/X, 3 sex loci and 1 quality control marker (TAF9L). The system was generated to achieve greater diagnostic power of trisomy 21/18/13 and sex chromosome abnormalities. Studies of the sensitivity, specificity, stability and accuracy were performed according to the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) guidelines. Compared with the results of the chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA)/copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), the detection ratio of non-mosaic chromosome abnormalities of this system in the identification of chromosome 21/18/13/X/Y aneuploidies reached 100%, and the rate of negative results was consistently 100% based on 203 prenatal diagnosis sample analyses. In addition, our results suggested that this panel was a useful tool for mosaicism for Turner syndrome cases. Interestingly, we found one case with large segment loss of chromosome X, which indicated that we should be alert to this situation when the STR genotype of the parent-child is inconsistent in forensic genetics. In summary, this study demonstrated that our system is an accurate, cost-effective and rapid approach for the detection of chromosome numerical abnormalities in prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jienan Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Beijing Microread Genetics Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Beijing Microread Genetics Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xueqi Cong
- Beijing Microread Genetics Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhi Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Weishe Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Finnegan C, Smyth S, Smith O, Flood K, Dalrymple J, Breathnach FM, Malone FD. PCR vs karyotype for CVS and amniocentesis-the experience at one tertiary fetal medicine unit. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:1259-1262. [PMID: 34283385 PMCID: PMC9135887 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Despite the rise of non-invasive screening tests for fetal aneuploidy, invasive testing during pregnancy remains the definitive diagnostic tool for fetal genetic anomalies. Results are rapidly available with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, but cases have been reported whereby initial results were not confirmed after pregnancy termination and the fetal karyotype was ultimately normal. We sought to examine the potential discordance between PCR and karyotype for fetal aneuploidy. Methods The results from all amniocentesis and CVS tests performed over a 6-year period in a large tertiary level fetal medicine unit were reviewed. The results of PCR and karyotype were recorded and discrepancies examined. Pregnancy outcomes were also recorded. Results A total of 1222 invasive tests were performed (716 amniocentesis and 506 CVS). Within the cohort having amniocentesis, 11 had discrepant results (normal QF-PCR result but with a subsequent abnormal karyotype). There was 1 case among this group which QF-PCR should have identified. Within the CVS group, 7 patients had discrepant results. All had a diploid QF-PCR and would not have been identified as abnormal by it. Conclusion PCR can be reliably used to determine aneuploidy of chromosomes 13, 18, and 21. However, in cases of sex chromosome aneuploidy, its performance is less reliable and warrants waiting for a complete karyotype. Given such discordance, we advise waiting for karyotype for all invasive tests performed in the presence of a normal ultrasound before advising a patient of a diploid QF-PCR result or potentially terminating a normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Finnegan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland.
| | - Suzanne Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Orla Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Karen Flood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Jane Dalrymple
- Fetal Medicine Department, Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M Breathnach
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Fergal D Malone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland
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Wen G, Dang J, Xie Z, Wang J, Jiang P, Guo Q, Liang G. Molecular karyotypes of loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica) aneuploids can be detected by using SSR markers combined with quantitative PCR irrespective of heterozygosity. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:22. [PMID: 32123538 PMCID: PMC7041098 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneuploidy, a condition caused by an imbalance between the relative dosages of chromosomes, generally produces a novel phenotype specific to the molecular karyotype. Few techniques are currently available for detecting the molecular karyotypes of aneuploids in plants. RESULTS Based on this imbalance in chromosome dosage, a new approach (referred to as 'SSR-qPCR') combining simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) has been developed and utilized to detect some common aneuploids irrespective of heterozygosity. We screened 17 specific SSR markers covering all loquat linkage groups and redesigned 6 pairs of primers for SSR markers that can detect loquat chromosome aneuploidies. The SSR-qPCR detection results obtained for hybrid progeny and open-pollination progeny of triploid loquat showed diagnostic accuracies of 88.9% and 62.5%, respectively, compared with the chromosome preparation results. CONCLUSION SSR-qPCR can detect loquat aneuploids and be used to construct the entire molecular karyotypes of aneuploid individuals. Therefore, this method offers a novel alternative for the detection of chromosome aneuploidies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Wen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountain Regions of Ministry of Education; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangbo Dang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountain Regions of Ministry of Education; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongyi Xie
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountain Regions of Ministry of Education; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinying Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountain Regions of Ministry of Education; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountain Regions of Ministry of Education; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Qigao Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountain Regions of Ministry of Education; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Guolu Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountain Regions of Ministry of Education; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
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Masoudzadeh N, Teimourian S. Comparison of quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction and karyotype analysis for prenatal screening of chromosomal aneuploidies in 270 amniotic fluid samples. J Perinat Med 2019; 47:631-636. [PMID: 31194688 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2019-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) technique is a rapid prenatal aneuploidy detection method. This method can diagnose abnormality in chromosome 13, 18, 21, X and Y. Karyotyping is a technique in which, by the process of pairing and painting, all the chromosomes of an organism are displayed under a microscope. In the present study, a statistical comparison was made between karyotyping and QF-PCR for prenatal diagnosis. Methods A total of 270 samples were tested for QF-PCR and the results were compared with karyotyping. We also investigated heterozygosity of short tandem repeat (STR) markers by QF-PCR. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples (n = 270) were extracted from amniotic fluid (AF) cells. After PCR amplifications, analysis was performed using GeneMarker. A Devyser QF-PCR kit containing 26 primers was used to estimate the observed heterozygosity of STR markers located on chromosome 13, 18, 21, X and Y. Results The results of karyotyping and QF-PCR were as follows: trisomy 13 (one case), trisomy 18 (five cases), trisomy 21 (five cases) and triploidy (one case). Chromosomal rearrangements and mosaicisms were not detected by QF-PCR but were detected by karyotyping. Maternal cell contamination (MCC) made the karyotyping fail but not the QF-PCR. Conclusion The QF-PCR method is especially important because it is fast, accurate, low cost and has a short turnaround time. This method will avoid ambiguity of karyotype results and parental anxiety. It will also shorten clinical management for high-risk families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Masoudzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Pharmaceutical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Teimourian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Crossroads of Shahid Hemmat and Shahid Chamran Highways, P.O. Box: 15875-6171, Tehran1449614535,Iran
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Shahbazi Z, Parvaneh N, Shahbazi S, Rahimi H, Hamid M, Shahbazi D, Delavari S, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A, Mahdian R. Graft versus host disease and microchimerism in a JAK3 deficient patient. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2019; 15:47. [PMID: 31440277 PMCID: PMC6704686 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lymphohematopoietic cells originating from feto-maternal trafficking during pregnancy may cause microchimerism and lead to materno-fetal graft versus host disease (GVHD) in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients. However, definitive diagnosis between GVHD and Omenn’s syndrome is often difficult based on clinical and immunological phenotypes particularly in the patients with hypomorphic mutations. Case presentation A 3-year-old girl with a history of erythroderma and immunodeficiency was studied. The whole exome sequencing method was used to find the disease-causing variants, and T-A cloning and Quantitative Florescence Polymerase Chain Reaction (QF-PCR) methods were utilized to detect the presence of mosaicism or microchimerism. We identified a homozygous missense Janus Kinase 3 mutation (JAK3, c.2324G>A, p.R775H) as a new disease-causing variant in the patient, and the presence of microchimerism with maternal origin was proven as an underlying cause of her clinical presentation. Conclusion The findings highlighted the importance of appropriate diagnostic approach in GVHD cases with hypomorphic JAK3 mutations. When analyzing the results of the next generation sequencing, the possibility of microchimerism should be considered based on the context of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shahbazi
- 1Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur St., 12 Farvardin Ave., Tehran, 1316943551 Iran
| | - Nima Parvaneh
- 2Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Shahbazi
- 3Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- 1Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur St., 12 Farvardin Ave., Tehran, 1316943551 Iran
| | - Mohammad Hamid
- 1Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur St., 12 Farvardin Ave., Tehran, 1316943551 Iran
| | - Davoud Shahbazi
- Shahid Hoseini School, Department of Education, Semirom, Isfahan Iran
| | - Samaneh Delavari
- 2Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- 2Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran.,5Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- 2Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran.,6Department of Pediatrics, Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdian
- 1Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur St., 12 Farvardin Ave., Tehran, 1316943551 Iran
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