Clinical-epidemiological and laboratory profiles of severe Schistosomiasis mansoni infections at a university hospital

An overview of qualitative and quantitative platelet abnormalities in schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease referring to the infection with blood parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. It impacts millions of people worldwide, primarily in low-to-middle-income countries. Patients infected with schistosomiasis often exhibit a distinct hematological profile, including anemia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy. Platelets, essential components of the hemostatic system, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. Schistosomes secrete serine proteases and express ectoenzymes, such as calpain protease, alkaline phosphatase (SmAP), phosphodiesterase (SmNPP5), ATP diphosphohydrolase (SmATPDase1), serine protease Sk1, SmSP2, and Sm22.6, which can interfere with platelet normal functioning. This report provides comprehensive, up-to-date information on platelet abnormalities observed in patients with schistosomiasis, highlighting their importance in the disease progression and complications. It delves into the interactions between platelets and schistosomes, including the impact of platelet dysfunction on hemostasis and immune responses, immune-mediated platelet destruction, and the potential mechanisms by which schistosome tegumental ectoenzymes affect platelets. Furthermore, the report clarifies the relationship between platelet abnormalities and clinical manifestations such as thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorders, and the emergence of portal hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding. Understanding the complex interplay between platelets and schistosomes is crucial for improving patient management and outcomes in schistosomiasis, particularly for those with platelet alterations. This knowledge contributes to improved diagnostic methods, innovative treatment strategies, and global efforts to control and eliminate schistosomiasis.

Anti-Schistosoma mansoni effects of essential oils and their components

Schistosoma mansoni is endemic in 55 countries around the world. S. mansoni is a water-borne parasite of humans belonging to the group of blood flukes. Generally, schistosomiasis is treated with praziquantel, which results in frequent treatment failures and reinfections. Essential oils have diverse biological effects, including antimicrobial, antiprotozoal and antiparasitic. This review aimed at summarizing available in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials showing evidence and mechanisms of actions of essential oils and their derivatives acting against S. mansoni. The findings suggest that a number of essential oils and/or their components act against S. mansoni. Essential oils and/or their derivatives may be one of the potential sources of antischistosomal drugs.