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Tabrez S, Rahman F, Ali R, Muhammad F, Alshehri BM, Alaidarous MA, Banawas S, Dukhyil AAB, Rub A. Repurposing of FDA-approved drugs as inhibitors of sterol C-24 methyltransferase of Leishmania donovani to fight against leishmaniasis. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:1154-1161. [PMID: 33929761 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by around 20 species of Leishmania. The main clinical forms of leishmaniasis are cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). VL is caused by Leishmania infantum in Central and South America, Mediterranean Basin, Middle East, and by L. donovani in Asia and Africa. Sterol C-24 methyltransferase (LdSMT) of L. donovani is a transferase enzyme of the sterol biosynthesis pathway. This pathway is one of the major targets for drug developments in Leishmania. Due to insufficient evidence about the exact function of SMT inside the cell and the uniqueness of the SMT enzyme in the Leishmania parasites made it a significant target for an effective drug development approach. We performed virtual screening of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library against LdSMT and found simeprevir, an antiviral drug on top in the binding score. It showed a significant binding affinity with LdSMT. The binding was supported by hydrogen bonds and several other interactions. Simeprevir inhibited L. donovani growth of promastigotes with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 51.49 ± 5.87 μM. Further studies showed that simeprevir induced ROS generation in 44.7% of parasites at 125-μM concentration. Here, we for the first time reported simeprevir as an antileishmanial lead molecule using a drug repurposing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Fazlur Rahman
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rahat Ali
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Fida Muhammad
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Bader Mohammed Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alaidarous
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.,Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Banawas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.,Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Abdul Aziz Bin Dukhyil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rub
- Infection and Immunity Lab (414), Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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