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Pieridou C, Uday S. Nutritional rickets presenting with developmental regression: a rare presentation of rickets. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:330. [PMID: 37386483 PMCID: PMC10308663 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rickets is a disorder of defective mineralisation of the growth plate. Vitamin D deficiency remains the leading cause of nutritional rickets worldwide.We present the case of a 3.5-year-old breastfed boy who presented with dental abscess when a history of developmental regression was noted. Clinical assessment revealed hypotonia, poor growth and stunting. Biochemistry identified hypocalcaemia (1.63mmol/L, [normal range (NR) 2.2-2.7mmol/L]), severe vitamin D deficiency (25hydroxyvitamin D 5.3nmol/L, [NR > 50nmol/L]) with secondary hyperparathyroidism (Parathormone 159pmol/L, [NR 1.6-7.5pmol/L]) and rickets on radiographs. Growth failure screening suggested hypopituitarism with central hypothyroidism and low IGF1 at baseline, however, dynamic tests confirmed normal axis. Management included nasogastric nutritional rehabilitation, cholecalciferol and calcium supplementation and physiotherapy. A good biochemical response in all parameters was observed within 3 weeks and reversal of developmental regression by 3 months from treatment. Developmental regression as a presentation of nutritional rickets is rare and requires a high index of suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chariklia Pieridou
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK
| | - Suma Uday
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK.
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Circadian Clock Disruption, and Metabolic Consequences. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010060. [PMID: 36676985 PMCID: PMC9863434 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of apnea and hypopnea during sleep. It is associated with various cardiovascular and metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Many pathways can be responsible for T2DM development in OSA patients, e.g., those related to HIF-1 and SIRT1 expression. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms, such as miRNA181a or miRNA199, are postulated to play a pivotal role in this link. It has been proven that OSA increases the occurrence of circadian clock disruption, which is also a risk factor for metabolic disease development. Circadian clock disruption impairs the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and the secretion of bile acids. Therefore, OSA-induced circadian clock disruption may be a potential, complex, underlying pathway involved in developing and exacerbating metabolic diseases among OSA patients. The current paper summarizes the available information pertaining to the relationship between OSA and circadian clock disruption in the context of potential mechanisms leading to metabolic disorders.
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Bian A, Ma Y, Zhou X, Guo Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang X. Association between sarcopenia and levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in the elderly. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:214. [PMID: 32264885 PMCID: PMC7140321 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related sarcopenia is a serious global health issue in elderly individuals and for the community as it induces disability and significant economic burden. The purpose of the study is to understand the factors associated with sarcopenia and the role of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in the occurrence of sarcopenia. Methods Elderly patients (n = 3276) were included in this cross-sectional study. Survey and measurement of body composition (bioelectrical impedance), grip strength, and step speed were performed according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) diagnostic criteria. Hematological and hormonal indicators were compared between patients with and without sarcopenia in order to identify the associated factors. Results There were significant differences in the demographic parameters between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups (all P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups regarding the blood levels of GH, IGF-1, testosterone (T), and mechanical growth factor (MGF) (all P < 0.001). Correlation analyses showed that the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMI) was positively associated with gender and BMI, and with GH, T, IGF-1, MGF, BUN, Cr, and Hb levels, but negatively associated with HDL-C (all P < 0.05). Logistic multivariable regression analysis showed that IGF-1, MGF, BMI, and gender were independently associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMI) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions GH and IGF-1 are associated with sarcopenia in the elderly. IGF-1 and MGF are independently associated with the reduction of skeletal muscle mass, along with BMI and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Bian
- Geriatrics Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Yue Ma
- Geriatrics Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xinzi Zhou
- Geriatrics Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Geriatrics Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Geriatrics Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Geriatrics Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Geriatrics Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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Stalvey MS, Pace J, Niknian M, Higgins MN, Tarn V, Davis J, Heltshe SL, Rowe SM. Growth in Prepubertal Children With Cystic Fibrosis Treated With Ivacaftor. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-2522. [PMID: 28143919 PMCID: PMC5260152 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cystic fibrosis (CF) is known for its impact on the lung and pancreas of individuals; however, impaired growth is also a common complication. We hypothesized that targeting the biological defect in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein may affect growth outcomes. METHODS In this post hoc analysis, we assessed linear growth and weight in 83 children (aged 6-11 years) enrolled in 2 clinical trials, the longitudinal-observation GOAL study and the placebo-controlled ENVISION study, to evaluate the effects of ivacaftor, a CFTR potentiator. We calculated height and weight z scores and height and weight growth velocities (GVs). RESULTS In ivacaftor-treated children in GOAL, height and weight z scores increased significantly from baseline to 6 months (increases of 0.1 [P < .05] and 0.26 [P < .0001], respectively); height GV increased significantly from 3 to 6 months (2.10-cm/year increase; P < .01). In ivacaftor-treated children in ENVISION, height and weight z scores increased significantly from baseline to 48 weeks (increases of 0.17 [P < .001] and 0.35 [P < .001], respectively). Height and weight GVs from baseline to 48 weeks were also significantly higher with ivacaftor than with placebo (differences of 1.08 cm/year [P < .05] and 3.11 kg/year [P < .001], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Ivacaftor treatment in prepubescent children may help to address short stature and altered GV in children with CF; results from these analyses support the existence of an intrinsic defect in the growth of children with CF that may be ameliorated by CFTR modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minoo Niknian
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Valerie Tarn
- Department of Pediatrics,,Pediatric Pulmonary Center, and
| | - Joy Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sonya L. Heltshe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and,CF Foundation Therapeutics Development Network, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Hawkes CP, Grimberg A. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I is a Marker for the Nutritional State. PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY REVIEWS : PER 2015; 13:499-511. [PMID: 26841638 PMCID: PMC5576178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-l) is generally used as a screening investigation for disorders of the growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I axis in children and adolescents with short stature. IGF-I concentration is sensitive to short-term and chronic alterations in the nutritional state, and the interpretation of IGF-I measurements requires knowledge of the child's nutritional status. In this review, we summarize the effects of nutrition on the GH/IGF-I axis, and review the clinical implications of these interactions throughout childhood, both in under-nutrition and over-nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P Hawkes
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- The National Children’s Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Chinceşan MI, Mărginean O, Pitea AM, Dobreanu M. Relationship of serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) with nutritional status in pediatric patients with malignant diseases--a single Romanian center experience. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:1401-6. [PMID: 23756917 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-013-2059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to analyze insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) serum level in pediatric patients with cancer compared with pediatric patients with nononcological diseases and to assess the relationship between IGF-I and nutritional status of oncological patients. From January 2009 to July 2012, we assessed 151 consecutively hospitalized patients in a tertiary emergency pediatric hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: group I, consisting of patients with malignant diseases (64 patients), and group II, the control group, consisting of 87 age- and gender-matched patients with different pediatric diseases. The anthropometric parameters (weight, height, body mass index, middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), and tricipital skinfold thickness (TST) and biochemical parameters (proteins, albumin, and total IGF-I) were comparatively evaluated at the diagnosis and after intensive chemotherapy in the malignant group. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters in group I were significantly different from those in group II for height, MUAC, TST, total proteins, and albumin (p < 0.05). Twenty-five out of 64 patients with malignant diseases and 5 out of 87 patients in the control group had malnutrition. IGF-I in patients with cancer was much lower than in the control group (median 48.3 ng/ml, range 25.00-662.00 ng/ml vs 129.00 ng/ml, range 25.00-745.00 ng/ml) (p = 0.014). We found a positive correlation between IGF-I, MUAC, and TST at the diagnosis of the malignant disease. Also, we identified positive correlations between IGF-I, protein, and albumin. Serum IGF-I levels in cancer patients were significantly lower at diagnosis than after chemotherapy (48.3 ng/ml, range 25.00-662.00 ng/ml vs 110.0 ng/ml, range 25.00-573.00 ng/ml; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION IGF-I seems to be an accurate biochemical parameter used in malnutrition assessment of children with cancer. IGF-I correlated with the anthropometric parameters of the arm, serum protein, and albumin. These parameters most accurately characterize the nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Ioana Chinceşan
- Pediatric Clinic I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Ghe. Marinescu Street No. 38, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
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