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Hwang SB, Chelliah R, Kang JE, Rubab M, Banan-MwineDaliri E, Elahi F, Oh DH. Role of Recent Therapeutic Applications and the Infection Strategies of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:614963. [PMID: 34268129 PMCID: PMC8276698 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.614963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a global foodborne bacterial pathogen that is often accountable for colon disorder or distress. STEC commonly induces severe diarrhea in hosts but can cause critical illnesses due to the Shiga toxin virulence factors. To date, there have been a significant number of STEC serotypes have been evolved. STECs vary from nausea and hemorrhoid (HC) to possible lethal hemolytic-based uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Inflammation-based STEC is usually a foodborne illness with Shiga toxins (Stx 1 and 2) thought to be pathogenesis. The STEC's pathogenicity depends significantly on developing one or more Shiga toxins, which can constrain host cell protein synthesis leading to cytotoxicity. In managing STEC infections, antimicrobial agents are generally avoided, as bacterial damage and discharge of accumulated toxins are thought the body. It has also been documented that certain antibiotics improve toxin production and the development of these species. Many different groups have attempted various therapies, including toxin-focused antibodies, toxin-based polymers, synbiotic agents, and secondary metabolites remedies. Besides, in recent years, antibiotics' efficacy in treating STEC infections has been reassessed with some encouraging methods. Nevertheless, the primary role of synbiotic effectiveness (probiotic and prebiotic) against pathogenic STEC and other enteropathogens is less recognized. Additional studies are required to understand the mechanisms of action of probiotic bacteria and yeast against STEC infection. Because of the consensus contraindication of antimicrobials for these bacterial pathogens, the examination was focused on alternative remedy strategies for STEC infections. The rise of novel STEC serotypes and approaches employed in its treatment are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-bin Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Momna Rubab
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Eric Banan-MwineDaliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Hosseini ZS, Amani J, Baghbani Arani F, Nazarian S, Motamedi MJ, Shafighian F. Immunogenicity of the nanovaccine containing intimin recombinant protein in the BALB/c mice. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2018; 7:51-60. [PMID: 29399580 PMCID: PMC5795045 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2018.7.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important pathogens which create hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in human. It is one of the most prevalent causes of diarrhea leading to death of many people every year. The first diagnosed gene in the locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island is eae gene. The product of this gene is a binding protein called intimin belonging to the group of external membrane proteins regarded as a good stimulants of the immune system. Chitosan with its lipophilic property is an environmentally friendly agent able to return to the environment. Materials and Methods Intimin recombinant protein was expressed in pET28a vector with eae gene and purification was performed using Ni-NTA and finally the recombinant protein was approved through western blotting. This protein was encapsulated using chitosan nanoparticles and the size of nanoparticles was measured by Zetasizer. Intimin encapsulated was prescribed for three sessions among three groups of oral, injection, and oral-injection using Chitosan nanoparticles. Challenge was performed for all three groups with 108E. coli O157:H7 bacteria. Results Intimin produced by chitosan nanoparticles improves immunological responses through the adjuvant nature of chitosan nanoparticles. Chitosan may be used as a carrier for transportation of the prescribed vaccine. Among the mice, encapsulated intimin could be able to provide suitable titers of IgG and IgA by the aid of chitosan nanoparticles. Results of mice challenge showed that decreased the bacterial shedding significantly. Conclusion Results showed that the chitosan nanovaccine with intimin protein may be used as a suitable candidate vaccine against E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Baghbani Arani
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Shahram Nazarian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossain University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Shafighian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
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Novinrooz A, Zahraei Salehi T, Firouzi R, Arabshahi S, Derakhshandeh A. In-silico design, expression, and purification of novel chimeric Escherichia coli O157:H7 OmpA fused to LTB protein in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173761. [PMID: 28296951 PMCID: PMC5351874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
E. coli O157:H7, one of the major EHEC serotypes, is capable of developing bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC), and fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and is accompanied by high annual economic loss worldwide. Due to the increased risk of HC and HUS development following antibiotic therapy, the prevention of infections caused by this pathogen is considered to be one of the most effective ways of avoiding the consequences of this infection. The main aim of the present study was to design, express, and purify a novel chimeric protein to develope human vaccine candidate against E. coli O157:H7 containing loop 2–4 of E. coli O157:H7, outer membrane protein A (OmpA), and B subunit of E. coli heat labile enterotoxin (LTB) which are connected by a flexible peptide linker. Several online databases and bioinformatics software were utilized to choose the peptide linker among 537 analyzed linkers, design the chimeric protein, and optimize the codon of the relative gene encoding this protein. Subsequently, the recombinant gene encoding OmpA-LTB was synthesized and cloned into pET-24a (+) expression vector and transferred to E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. The expression of OmpA-LTB chimeric protein was then carried out by induction of cultured E. coli Bl21 (DE3) cells with 1mM isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The purification of OmpA-LTB was then performed by nickel affinity chromatography. Expression and purification were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the identity of the expressed protein was analyzed by western blotting. SDS-PAGE and western immunoblotting confirmed the successful expression of a 27 KDa recombinant protein after 24 hours at 37°C post-IPTG induction. OmpA-LTB was then successfully purified, using nickel affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions. The yield of purification was 12 mg per liter of culture media. Ultimately, we constructed the successful design and efficient expression and purification of OmpA-LTB divalent under the above-mentioned conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytak Novinrooz
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Roya Firouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Arabshahi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Derakhshandeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Riquelme-Neira R, Rivera A, Sáez D, Fernández P, Osorio G, del Canto F, Salazar JC, Vidal RM, Oñate A. Vaccination with DNA Encoding Truncated Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) Factor for Adherence-1 Gene (efa-1') Confers Protective Immunity to Mice Infected with E. coli O157:H7. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 5:104. [PMID: 26835434 PMCID: PMC4718977 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is the predominant causative agent of hemorrhagic colitis in humans and is the cause of haemolytic uraemic syndrome and other illnesses. Cattle have been implicated as the main reservoir of this organism. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding conserved sequences of truncated EHEC factor for adherence-1 (efa-1′) in a mouse model. Intranasal administration of plasmid DNA carrying the efa-1′ gene (pVAXefa-1′) into C57BL/6 mice elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses. In animals immunized with pVAXefa-1′, EHEC-secreted protein-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in sera at day 45. Anti-EHEC-secreted protein sIgA was also detected in nasal and bronchoalveolar lavages. In addition, antigen-specific T-cell-proliferation, IL-10, and IFN-γ were observed upon re-stimulation with either heat-killed bacteria or EHEC-secreted proteins. Vaccinated animals were also protected against challenge with E. coli O157:H7 strain EDL933. These results suggest that DNA vaccine encoding efa-1′ have therapeutic potential in interventions against EHEC infections. This approach could lead to a new strategy in the production of vaccines that prevent infections in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Riquelme-Neira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandra Rivera
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Darwin Sáez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Osorio
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe del Canto
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Salazar
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto M Vidal
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Angel Oñate
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
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O'Ryan M, Vidal R, del Canto F, Carlos Salazar J, Montero D. Vaccines for viral and bacterial pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis: Part II: Vaccines for Shigella, Salmonella, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) enterohemorragic E. coli (EHEC) and Campylobacter jejuni. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:601-19. [PMID: 25715096 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1011578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In Part II we discuss the following bacterial pathogens: Shigella, Salmonella (non-typhoidal), diarrheogenic E. coli (enterotoxigenic and enterohemorragic) and Campylobacter jejuni. In contrast to the enteric viruses and Vibrio cholerae discussed in Part I of this series, for the bacterial pathogens described here there is only one licensed vaccine, developed primarily for Vibrio cholerae and which provides moderate protection against enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (Dukoral(®)), as well as a few additional candidates in advanced stages of development for ETEC and one candidate for Shigella spp. Numerous vaccine candidates in earlier stages of development are discussed.
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Key Words
- CFU, colony-forming units
- CFs, colonization factors
- CT, cholera toxin
- CT-B cholera toxin B subunit
- Campylobacter
- CtdB, cytolethal distending toxin subunit B
- E. coli
- EHEC
- EPEC, enteropathogenic E. coli
- ETEC
- ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli
- GEMS, Global enterics multicenter study
- HUS, hemolytic uremic syndrome
- IM, intramuscular
- IgA, immunoglobulin A
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- IgM, immunoglobulin M
- LEE, locus of enterocyte effacement
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LT, heat labile toxin
- LT-B
- OMV, outer membrane vesicles
- ST, heat stable toxin
- STEC
- STEC, shigatoxin producing E. coli
- STh, human heat stable toxin
- STp, porcine heat stable toxin
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Stx, shigatoxin
- TTSS, type III secretion system
- V. cholera
- WHO, World Health Organization
- acute diarrhea
- dmLT, double mutant heat labile toxin
- enteric pathogens
- enterohemorrhagic E. coli
- gastroenteritis
- heat labile toxin B subunit
- norovirus
- rEPA, recombinant exoprotein A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- rotavirus
- vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel O'Ryan
- a Microbiology and Mycology Program; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Universidad de Chile; Santiago, Chile
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Ebrahimizadeh W, Rajabibazl M. Bacteriophage vehicles for phage display: biology, mechanism, and application. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:109-20. [PMID: 24638925 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phage display technique is a powerful tool for selection of various biological agents. This technique allows construction of large libraries from the antibody repertoire of different hosts and provides a fast and high-throughput selection method. Specific antibodies can be isolated based on distinctive characteristics from a library consisting of millions of members. These features made phage display technology preferred method for antibody selection and engineering. There are several phage display methods available and each has its unique merits and application. Selection of appropriate display technique requires basic knowledge of available methods and their mechanism. In this review, we describe different phage display techniques, available bacteriophage vehicles, and their mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walead Ebrahimizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,
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Advances in the development of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli vaccines using murine models of infection. Vaccine 2013; 31:3229-35. [PMID: 23707170 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains are food borne pathogens with importance in public health. EHEC colonizes the large intestine and causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and in some cases, life-threatening hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) due to the production of Shiga toxins (Stx). The lack of effective clinical treatment, sequelae after infection and mortality rate in humans supports the urgent need of prophylactic approaches, such as development of vaccines. Shedding from cattle, the main EHEC reservoir and considered the principal food contamination source, has prompted the development of licensed vaccines that reduce EHEC colonization in ruminants. Although murine models do not fully recapitulate human infection, they are commonly used to evaluate EHEC vaccines and the immune/protective responses elicited in the host. Mice susceptibility differs depending of the EHEC inoculums; displaying different mortality rates and Stx-mediated renal damage. Therefore, several experimental protocols have being pursued in this model to develop EHEC-specific vaccines. Recent candidate vaccines evaluated include those composed of virulence factors alone or as fused-subunits, DNA-based, attenuated bacteria and bacterial ghosts. In this review, we summarize progress in the design and testing of EHEC vaccines and the use of different strategies for the evaluation of novel EHEC vaccines in the murine model.
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