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Góes Rabelo R, Salgueiro AP, Visioli F, da Silva VP, das Graças Alonso Oliveira M, Ribeiro DA, Cury PR, Dos Santos JN. Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in oral mucosa cells of crack and cocaine users: a cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37920-37926. [PMID: 32617811 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the presence of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in exfoliated cells obtained from the buccal mucosa among crack and cocaine users and non-users by the AgNOR staining technique. Seventy-three males ≥ 18 years were categorized into two groups: 38 crack and/or cocaine users and 35 non-user volunteers. They were interviewed and responded a questionnaire regarding general health and drug addiction. Exfoliative cytology specimens were collected from the clinically intact buccal mucosa, and cytological preparations were fixed and stained by AgNOR technique. The mean number of AgNORs (p = 0.02) and the percentage of epithelial cells with more than 3 (p = 0.01) and 4 (p = 0.04) AgNORs/nucleus were significantly higher in the non-user group. In conclusion, the frequency and diversity of substances present in the drugs-cocaine, crack, and alcohol-consumed by the volunteers of this study may have influenced the number of AgNORs and the response to damage and consequent effect on protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Góes Rabelo
- Dentistry and Health Postgraduation Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62-Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Arthur Pias Salgueiro
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2492-Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2492-Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Viviane Palmeira da Silva
- Dentistry and Health Postgraduation Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62-Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Alonso Oliveira
- Dentistry and Health Postgraduation Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62-Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Silva Jardim, 136-Vila Matias, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ramos Cury
- Dentistry and Health Postgraduation Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62-Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62- Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil.
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Cury PR, Oliveira MGA, de Andrade KM, de Freitas MDS, Dos Santos JN. Dental health status in crack/cocaine-addicted men: a cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7585-7590. [PMID: 28120223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between crack/cocaine addiction and dental health in men. Forty crack/cocaine-addicted patients and 120 nonaddicted patients (≥18 years) underwent full-mouth dental examinations. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) were identified using the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. Crack/cocaine addiction was determined, based on the medical records and interviews of each patient. All drug-addicted patients used both crack and cocaine. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between DMFT and crack/cocaine addiction (p ≤ 0.05). Decayed teeth showed a positive association with crack/cocaine addiction (odds ratio (OR) = 3.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.68-7.92; p = 0.001), whereas filled and missing teeth showed a negative association (filled teeth: OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18-0.76; p = 0.008; missing teeth: OR = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.13-0.81; p = 0.02). The DMFT was only associated with age (OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.11-4.08, p = 0.023). In the present population, crack/cocaine addiction was associated with a greater decayed teeth index and a lower filled and missing teeth index. Programs aimed to encourage self-esteem and encourage individuals to seek dental care are required for this population. Further studies using a larger sample size and studies with women are required to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Cury
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Maria G A Oliveira
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Katia Montanha de Andrade
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maíra D S de Freitas
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jean N Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Albini MB, Malacarne IT, Batista TBD, de Lima AAS, Machado MAN, Johann ACBR, Rosa EAR, Azevedo-Alanis LR. Cytopathological Changes Induced by the Crack Use in Oral Mucosa. Eur Addict Res 2017; 23:77-86. [PMID: 28351029 DOI: 10.1159/000465518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate cytological alterations, inflammation, and microbial charge of the oral mucosa epithelium in crack users in in terms of the amount and duration of use. METHODS Two hundred thirty four crack users (case group) and 120 non-users (control group) participated in this study. Clinically healthy epithelial cells were collected from the posterior mouth floor, using the conventional exfoliative cytology. Some of the aspects evaluated were as follows: Papanicolaou classification, nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA), nuclear/cytoplasmic area ratio (NA/CA), inflammation, microbial charge, keratinization, enucleated superficial cells, and binucleation. RESULTS The average time of crack consumption was 9.8 years (±7.1) and the average quantity of use was 13.97 g/week (±18.5). The average NA values and NA/CA ratio were increased and CA values were decreased in the case group compared to those in the controls (p < 0.05). Papanicolaou class II, intense inflammation, and intense microbial charge were more prevalent in the case group than in the controls (p < 0.05). There was a significant association between high quantity of smoked crack rocks per week and increased CA values, absence of keratinization, and presence of enucleated superficial cells (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Crack use seemed to induce inflammatory alterations and early indicators of malignant transformation on the oral mucosa epithelium.
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das Graças Alonso de Oliveira M, Dos Santos JN, Cury PR, da Silva VHP, Oliveira NRC, da Costa Padovani R, Tucci AM, Ribeiro DA. Cytogenetic biomonitoring of oral mucosa cells of crack cocaine users. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:5760-5764. [PMID: 24430497 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate genomic damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated oral mucosa cells from crack cocaine users by micronucleus test. A total of 30 crack cocaine users and 30 health controls (non-exposed individuals) were included in this setting. Individuals had epithelial cells from cheek mechanically exfoliated, placed in fixative, and dropped in clean slides, which were checked for the above nuclear phenotypes. The results pointed out significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) of micronucleated oral mucosa cells from crack cocaine users. Exposure to crack cocaine caused an increase of other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity such as karyolysis in oral cells as well. In summary, these data indicate that crack cocaine is able to induce chromosomal breakage and cellular death in oral mucosa cells of users.
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