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The Prescription of Oral Mucosal Mesenchymal Stem Cells post-Traumatic Brain Injury Improved the Kidney and Heart Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8235961. [PMID: 36408281 PMCID: PMC9671733 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8235961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background In the last years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered as a useful strategy to treat many diseases such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). The production of inflammatory agents by TBI elicits an inflammatory response directed to other systems of body, such as the heart and the kidneys. In this study, the efficacy of oral mucosal mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) prescription after TBI in inflammation and oxidative stress of the heart and kidneys was evaluated. Methods Twenty-four male rats were located in groups as follows: sham, TBI, vehicle (Veh), and stem cell (SC). OMSCs were injected intravenously 1 and 24 hours after TBI. Inflammatory, oxidative stress, and histopathological outcomes of the heart and kidney tissues were investigated 48 hours after TBI. Results TBI caused an increase in the level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), and carbonyl protein (PC) of the heart and kidney compared to the sham group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) of the heart and kidney decreased after TBI. The use of OMSCs after TBI reduced the changes of these factors in both the heart and the kidney. Conclusion Application of OMSCs after TBI can decrease inflammation and oxidative stress of the heart and kidney tissues leading to the reduction of damage. Therefore, this method can be evaluated in the TBI patients in future studies.
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Lee YL, Lim SW, Zheng HX, Chang WT, Nyam TTE, Chio CC, Kuo JR, Wang CC. The Short-Term Effects of Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury on the Heart in Experimental Healthy Rats. Neurocrit Care 2020; 33:438-448. [PMID: 31907801 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, cardiac dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been consistent. In this study, we hypothesized that TBI may play a role in the development of new-onset cardiac dysfunction in healthy experimental rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anesthetized healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: a sham-operated control group and a TBI group. The brain was injured with 2.4 atm percussion via a fluid percussion injury model. During the 120 min after TBI, we continuously measured brain parameters, including intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and cardiac parameters, such as heart rate (HR), inter-ventricular septum dimension (IVSD), left ventricular internal dimension diastole (LVIDd), end-diastolic volume (EDV), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and LV mass diastole (LVd mass) by cardiac echo. On days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after TBI, the brain damage volume was evaluated with triphenyltetrazolium chloride; the physiological parameters of the heart, including HR, IVSd, LVIDd, EDV, EF, FS, and LVd mass, were evaluated with cardiac echo; the morphology of cardiomyocytes was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson trichrome staining; and the biomarkers of cardiac injury troponin I and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were also examined. RESULTS Compared to sham-operated controls, the TBI groups had higher ICP, lower CPP, and higher brain neuronal apoptosis and infarction contusion volume. The impact of TBI on heart function showed hyperdynamic response trends in IVSd, LVIDd, EDV, EF, FS, and LVd mass within 30 min after TBI; however, EF and FS exhibited eventual decreasing trends. Simultaneously, the values of the biomarkers troponin I and BNP were within normal limits, and HE and Mass trichrome staining revealed no significant differences between the sham-operated control group and the TBI group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TBI due to 2.4 atm fluid percussion injury in healthy experimental rats may cause significant damage to the brain and affect the heart function as investigated by cardiac echo but not as investigated by HE and Masson trichrome stainings or troponin I and BNP evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Lin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, #901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sher-Wei Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Chia-li, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Xiang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, #901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tee-Tau Eric Nyam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, #901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Chio
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, #901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Rung Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, #901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, #901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Cuisinier A, Maufrais C, Payen JF, Nottin S, Walther G, Bouzat P. Myocardial function at the early phase of traumatic brain injury: a prospective controlled study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2016; 24:129. [PMID: 27793208 PMCID: PMC5084439 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-016-0323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of brain-heart interaction has been described in several brain injuries. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may also lead to cardiac dysfunction but evidences are mainly based upon experimental and clinical retrospective studies. METHODS We conducted a prospective case-control study in a level I trauma center. Twenty consecutive adult patients with severe TBI were matched according to age and gender with 20 control patients. The control group included adult patients undergoing a general anesthesia for a peripheral trauma surgery. Conventional and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (STE) was performed within the first 24 post-traumatic hours in the TBI group and PRE/PER-operative in the control group. The primary endpoint was the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by the Simpson's method. Secondary endpoints included the diastolic function and the STE analysis. RESULTS We found similar LVEF between the TBI group and the PER-operative control group (61 % [56-76]) vs. 62 % [52-70]). LV morphological parameters and the systolic function were also similar between the two groups. Regarding the diastolic function, the isovolumic relaxation time was significantly higher in the TBI cohort (125 s [84-178] versus 107 s [83-141], p = 0.04), suggesting a subclinical diastolic dysfunction. Using STE parameters, we observed a trend toward higher strains in the TBI group but only the apical circumferential strain and the basal rotation reached statistical significance. STE-derived parameters of the diastolic function tended to be lower in TBI patients. DISCUSSION No systematic myocardial depression was found in a cohort of severe TBI patients. CONCLUSIONS STE revealed a correct adaptation of the left systolic function, while the diastolic function slightly impaired. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02380482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Cuisinier
- Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Albert Michallon, BP 217, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, CS 10217, F-38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Maufrais
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-François Payen
- Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Albert Michallon, BP 217, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, CS 10217, F-38043, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM U1216, F-38043, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Alpes Université, F-38043, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Bouzat
- Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Albert Michallon, BP 217, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, CS 10217, F-38043, Grenoble, France. .,Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM U1216, F-38043, Grenoble, France. .,Grenoble Alpes Université, F-38043, Grenoble, France.
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The anti-inflammatory properties of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad essential oil attenuate the effects of traumatic brain injuries in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31866. [PMID: 27535591 PMCID: PMC4989136 DOI: 10.1038/srep31866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern affecting the general public as well as military personnel. However, there is no FDA-approved therapy for the treatment of TBIs. In this work, we investigated the neurotherapeutic effects of the well-known natural Iranian medicine Satureja Khuzistanica Jamzad (SKJ) essential oil (SKEO) on the outcomes of diffused experimental TBI, with particular attention paid to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Male Wistar rats were treated with doses of 50, 100 and 200 (mg/kg, i.p) SKEO after induction of diffused TBIs. The results showed that injecting SKEO (200 mg/kg) 30 minutes after TBI significantly reduced brain oedema and damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and limited the post-TBI increase in intracranial pressure. The veterinary coma scale (VCS) scores significantly improved in the treatment group. Also, inflammatory marker assays showed reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increased IL-10 in the treated groups. Moreover, the immunohistochemical results indicated that SKEO not only reduced neuronal death and BBB permeability but also affected astrocytic activation. Overall, our data indicate potential clinical neurological applications for SKEO.
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Serri K, El Rayes M, Giraldeau G, Williamson D, Bernard F. Traumatic brain injury is not associated with significant myocardial dysfunction: an observational pilot study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2016; 24:31. [PMID: 26983752 PMCID: PMC4793525 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-016-0217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial dysfunction has been well described with catastrophic neurological events, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain death. There is very limited data describing myocardial function in the context of traumatic brain injury (TBI), as no prospective study has yet examined this association. The objective of our study was to evaluate cardiac function using echocardiography in patients with clinically important TBI. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of consecutive TBI patients admitted to the intensive care unit. All patients older than 16 years with moderate to severe TBI according to the Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) were eligible for the study. Only patients with a prior history of heart disease or cardiomyopathy or evidence of brain death on admission were excluded. A complete transthoracic echocardiogram was performed within 4 days of admission. Results Forty-nine patients (67 % males, median age 34 years) were included in the study. Forty-one patients had severe TBI (84 %) with a median GCS of six, 44 patients (90 %) required mechanical ventilation and 36 (74 %) intracranial pressure monitoring. Hospital mortality was 18 %. No patients had global left ventricular dysfunction as defined by a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 50 % (95 % CI, 0–0.07). Average LVEF was 65 +/− 4 %. Four patients (8 %) had regional wall motion abnormalities with preserved LVEF. Discussion The main finding of this study is the absence of clinically significant myocardial dysfunction in patients with moderate or severe TBI. Although myocardial dysfunction has been well described in a variety of neurological settings, it is possible that the young age of TBI patients and the absence of cardiovascular risk factors are protective against significant myocardial injury from catecholamine excess. Conclusions In a group of patients with clinically important TBI, we did not identify any significant cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Serri
- Département de médecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Service de soins intensifs, Université de Montréal, 5400, boul Gouin ouest, Montréal, H4J-1C5, Canada. .,Centre de recherche Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Malak El Rayes
- Département de médecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Service de soins intensifs, Université de Montréal, 5400, boul Gouin ouest, Montréal, H4J-1C5, Canada
| | - Geneviève Giraldeau
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - David Williamson
- Département de médecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Service de soins intensifs, Université de Montréal, 5400, boul Gouin ouest, Montréal, H4J-1C5, Canada.,Centre de recherche Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Francis Bernard
- Département de médecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Service de soins intensifs, Université de Montréal, 5400, boul Gouin ouest, Montréal, H4J-1C5, Canada.,Centre de recherche Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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