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Guo NK, She H, Tan L, Zhou YQ, Tang CQ, Peng XY, Ma CH, Li T, Liu LM. Nano Parthenolide Improves Intestinal Barrier Function of Sepsis by Inhibiting Apoptosis and ROS via 5-HTR2A. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:693-709. [PMID: 36816330 PMCID: PMC9930579 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s394544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal barrier dysfunction is an important complication of sepsis, while the treatment is limited. Recently, parthenolide (PTL) has attracted much attention as a strategy of sepsis, but whether nano parthenolide (Nano PTL) is therapeutic in sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction is obscured. Methods In this study, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were used to investigate the effect of PTL on intestinal barrier dysfunction. Meanwhile, we synthesized Nano PTL and compared the protective effect of Nano PTL with ordinary PTL on intestinal barrier function in septic rats and IECs. Network pharmacology and serotonin 2A (5-HTR2A) inhibitor were used to explore the mechanism of PTL on the intestinal barrier function of sepsis. Results The encapsulation rate of Nano PTL was 95±1.5%, the drug loading rate was 11±0.5%, and the average uptake rate of intestinal epithelial cells was 94%. Ordinary PTL and Nano PTL improved the survival rate and survival time of septic rats, reduced the mean arterial pressure and the serum level of inflammatory cytokines, and protected the liver and kidney functions in vivo, and increased the value of transmembrane resistance (TEER) reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in IECs in vitro through 5-HTR2A. Nano PTL had better effect than ordinary PTL. Conclusion Ordinary PTL and Nano PTL can protect the intestinal barrier function of septic rats by inhibiting apoptosis and ROS through up-regulating 5-HTR2A, Nano PTL is better than ordinary PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ke Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han She
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Qun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Qiong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Tao Li; Liang-Ming Liu, Email ;
| | - Liang-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Box-Behnken Design (BBD)-Based Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Parthenolide from the Stems of Tarconanthus camphoratus and Cytotoxic Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071876. [PMID: 33810340 PMCID: PMC8038025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenolide, a strong cytotoxic compound found in different parts of Tarchonanthus camphoratus which motivated the authors to develop an optimized microwave-assisted extraction (MEA) method using Box–Behnken design (BBD) for efficient extraction of parthenolide from the stem of T. camphoratus and its validation by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and cytotoxic analysis. The optimized parameters for microwave extraction were determined as: 51.5 °C extraction temperature, 50.8 min extraction time, and 211 W microwave power. A quadratic polynomial model was found the most suitable model with R2 of 0.9989 and coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.2898%. The high values of adjusted R2 (0.9974), predicted R2 (0.9945), and signal-to-noise ratio (74.23) indicated a good correlation and adequate signal, respectively. HPTLC analyzed the parthenolide (Rf = 0.16) content in T. camphoratus methanol extract (TCME) at λmax = 575 nm and found it as 0.9273% ± 0.0487% w/w, which was a higher than expected yield (0.9157% w/w). The TCME exhibited good cytotoxicity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines (IC50 = 30.87 and 35.41 µg/mL, respectively), which further supported our findings of high parthenolide content in TCME. This optimized MAE method can be further applied to efficiently extract parthenolide from marketed herbal supplements containing different Tarconanthus species.
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Cytotoxicity of the Sesquiterpene Lactones, Ivalin and Parthenolide in Murine Muscle Cell Lines and Their Effect on Desmin, a Cytoskeletal Intermediate Filament. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12070459. [PMID: 32708381 PMCID: PMC7404988 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vermeersiekte or “vomiting disease” is an economically important disease of ruminants following ingestion of Geigeria (G.) species in South Africa. Sheep are more susceptible, and poisoning is characterized by stiffness, regurgitation, bloat, paresis, and paralysis. Various sesquiterpene lactones have been implicated as the cause of poisoning. The in vitro cytotoxicity of two sesquiterpene lactones, namely, ivalin (purified from Geigeria aspera) and parthenolide (a commercially available sesquiterpene lactone), were compared using mouse skeletal myoblast (C2C12) and rat embryonic cardiac myocyte (H9c2) cell lines, representing the oesophageal, skeletal and cardiac muscles, which are affected in sheep. For 24, 48, and 72 h, both cell lines were exposed. A colorimetric viability assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), was used to assess cytotoxicity. A concentration-dependent cytotoxic response was observed in both cell lines, however, the C2C12 cells were more sensitive, with the half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) ranging between 2.7 and 3.3 µM. In addition, the effect that ivalin and parthenolide has on desmin, an important cytoskeletal intermediate filament in myocytes, was evaluated using the C2C12 myoblasts. Disorganization and aggregation of desmin were caused by both sesquiterpene lactones, which could clarify some of the ultrastructural lesions described in vermeersiekte.
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Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocapsules Prevent Cardiotoxicity of Anti-Trypanosomal Lychnopholide. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44998. [PMID: 28349937 PMCID: PMC5368638 DOI: 10.1038/srep44998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. New antitrypanosomal options are desirable to prevent complications, including a high rate of cardiomyopathy. Recently, a natural substance, lychnopholide, has shown therapeutic potential, especially when encapsulated in biodegradable polymeric nanocapsules. However, little is known regarding possible adverse effects of lychnopholide. Here we show that repeated-dose intravenous administration of free lychnopholide (2.0 mg/kg/day) for 20 days caused cardiopathy and mortality in healthy C57BL/6 mice. Echocardiography revealed concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with preserved ejection fraction, diastolic dysfunction and chamber dilatation at end-stage. Single cardiomyocytes presented altered contractility and Ca2+ handling, with spontaneous Ca2+ waves in diastole. Acute in vitro lychnopholide application on cardiomyocytes from healthy mice also induced Ca2+ handling alterations with abnormal RyR2-mediated diastolic Ca2+ release. Strikingly, the encapsulation of lychnopholide prevented the cardiac alterations induced in vivo by the free form repeated doses. Nanocapsules alone had no adverse cardiac effects. Altogether, our data establish lychnopholide presented in nanocapsule form more firmly as a promising new drug candidate to cure Chagas disease with minimal cardiotoxicity. Our study also highlights the potential of nanotechnology not only to improve the efficacy of a drug but also to protect against its adverse effects.
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