1
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Vickridge E, Faraco CCF, Nepveu A. Base excision repair accessory factors in senescence avoidance and resistance to treatments. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:703-720. [PMID: 36176767 PMCID: PMC9511810 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells, in which the RAS and PI3K pathways are activated, produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative DNA damage and ultimately cellular senescence. This process has been documented in tissue culture, mouse models, and human pre-cancerous lesions. In this context, cellular senescence functions as a tumour suppressor mechanism. Some rare cancer cells, however, manage to adapt to avoid senescence and continue to proliferate. One well-documented mode of adaptation involves increased production of antioxidants often associated with inactivation of the KEAP1 tumour suppressor gene and the resulting upregulation of the NRF2 transcription factor. In this review, we detail an alternative mode of adaptation to oxidative DNA damage induced by ROS: the increased activity of the base excision repair (BER) pathway, achieved through the enhanced expression of BER enzymes and DNA repair accessory factors. These proteins, exemplified here by the CUT domain proteins CUX1, CUX2, and SATB1, stimulate the activity of BER enzymes. The ensued accelerated repair of oxidative DNA damage enables cancer cells to avoid senescence despite high ROS levels. As a by-product of this adaptation, these cancer cells exhibit increased resistance to genotoxic treatments including ionizing radiation, temozolomide, and cisplatin. Moreover, considering the intrinsic error rate associated with DNA repair and translesion synthesis, the elevated number of oxidative DNA lesions caused by high ROS leads to the accumulation of mutations in the cancer cell population, thereby contributing to tumour heterogeneity and eventually to the acquisition of resistance, a major obstacle to clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Vickridge
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Camila C. F. Faraco
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Alain Nepveu
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Medicine, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Oncology, McGill University, 1160 Pine avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
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2
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Wu Q, Qi Y, Wang S, Liu J, Geng P, Zhou Q, Zhang W, Cai J, Hu B, Dai D, Li H. Polymorphic mutations in the
polb
gene promoter and their impact on transcriptional activity. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:853-857. [PMID: 35128818 PMCID: PMC8930491 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA polymerase β is one of the key enzymes involved in DNA damage repair and its proper expression is strictly controlled within different cells. We previously reported that three genetic mutations in the promoter region of the polb gene are prevalent in the Chinese Han population and two types of mutation are associated with thymic hyperplasia. The purpose of this study was to explore whether other mutated sites exist within the promoter region of the polb gene. Methods Genomic DNAs of 421 healthy Chinese Han individuals were extracted from whole blood samples and used for gene amplification of the promoter region of the polb gene. After gel purification, PCR amplicons were sequenced by the Sanger sequencing method and used for sequence alignment with the Lasergene program. PCR products with novel mutations were then subcloned into luciferase reporter plasmid pGL4.10 and transfected into 293T cells for dual‐luciferase activity analysis. Results In total, 11 mutated sites were detected in the Chinese Han population and eight of these were reported for the first time. Using a dual luciferase reporter system, it was found that one novel mutation −142 C > G could decrease the transcription activity of the polb gene, whereas two novel mutations, −152_−151insC and −218 C > G, could significantly increase the transcription activity of the polb gene. Conclusions High polymorphic sites could be found in the promoter region of polb gene and approximately half of them could influence its transcription activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yuying Qi
- The Key laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission Beijing China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine Beijing China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui Lishui China
| | - Jian Liu
- The Key laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission Beijing China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui Lishui China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui Lishui China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jianping Cai
- The Key laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission Beijing China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Dapeng Dai
- The Key laboratory of Geriatrics Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission Beijing China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine Beijing China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
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3
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Al-Kawaz A, Ali R, Toss MS, Miligy IM, Mohammed OJ, Green AR, Madhusudan S, Rakha EA. The frequency and clinical significance of DNA polymerase beta (POLβ) expression in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 190:39-51. [PMID: 34406589 PMCID: PMC8557137 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The prediction of clinical behaviour of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and its progression to invasive disease remains a challenge. Alterations of DNA damage repair mechanisms are associated with invasive breast cancer (BC). This study aims to assess the role of base excision repair (BER) DNA Polymerase Beta (POLβ) in DCIS. Methods A cohort of DCIS comprising pure DCIS (n = 776) and DCIS coexisting with invasive BC (n = 239) were prepared as tissue microarrays. POLβ protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome. Preclinically, we investigated the impact of POLβ depletion on stem cell markers in representative DCIS cell line models. Results Reduced POLβ expression was associated with aggressive DCIS features including high nuclear grade, comedo necrosis, larger tumour size, hormonal receptor negativity, HER2 overexpression and high Ki67 index. Combined low nuclear/low cytoplasmic POLβ expression showed the strongest association with the features’ characteristics of aggressive behaviour. There was a gradual reduction in the POLβ expression from normal breast tissue, to DCIS, with the lowest expression observed in the invasive BC. Low POLβ expression was an independent predictor of recurrence in DCIS patients treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS). POLβ knockdown was associated with a significant increase in cell stemness markers including SOX2, NANOG and OCT4 levels in MCF10-DCIS cell lines. Conclusion Loss of POLβ in DCIS is associated with aggressive behaviour and it can predict recurrence. POLβ expression in DCIS provides an additional feature for patients’ risk stratification for personalised therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10549-021-06357-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaqi Al-Kawaz
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, Al Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Reem Ali
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Islam M Miligy
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Omar J Mohammed
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt. .,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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4
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Qin J, Zhu Y, Ding Y, Niu T, Zhang Y, Wu H, Zhu L, Yuan B, Qiao Y, Lu J, Liu K, Dong Z, Jin G, Chen X, Zhao J. DNA polymerase β deficiency promotes the occurrence of esophageal precancerous lesions in mice. Neoplasia 2021; 23:663-675. [PMID: 34144266 PMCID: PMC8217306 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal mucosa undergoes mild, moderate, severe dysplasia, and other precancerous lesions and eventually develops into carcinoma in situ, and understanding the developmental progress of esophageal precancerous lesions is beneficial to prevent them from developing into cancer. DNA polymerase β (Polβ), a crucial enzyme of the base excision repair system, plays an important role in repairing damaged DNA and maintaining genomic stability. Abnormal expression or deletion mutation of Polβ is related to the occurrence of esophageal cancer, but the role of Polβ deficiency in the esophageal precancerous lesions is still unclear. Here, esophageal mucosa Polβ-knockout mice were used to explore the relationship of Polβ deficiency with esophageal precancerous lesions. First, we found the degree and number of esophageal precancerous lesions in Polβ-KO mice were more serious than those in Polβ-Loxp mice after N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA) treatment. Whole exome sequencing revealed that deletion of Polβ increased the frequency of gene mutations. Gene expression prolife analysis showed that the expression of proteins correlated to cell proliferation and the cell cycle was elevated in Polβ-KO mice. We also found that deletion of Polβ promoted the proliferation and clone formation as well as accelerated cell cycle progression of human immortalized esophageal epithelial cell line SHEE treated with NMBA. Our findings indicate that Polβ knockout promotes the occurrence of esophageal precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiace Qin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongwei Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Niu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiting Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baoyin Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China; The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziming Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xinhuan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jimin Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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5
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Caffrey PJ, Delaney S. Chromatin and other obstacles to base excision repair: potential roles in carcinogenesis. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:39-50. [PMID: 31612219 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is comprised of chemically reactive nucleobases that exist under a constant barrage from damaging agents. Failure to repair chemical modifications to these nucleobases can result in mutations that can cause various diseases, including cancer. Fortunately, the base excision repair (BER) pathway can repair modified nucleobases and prevent these deleterious mutations. However, this pathway can be hindered through several mechanisms. For instance, mutations to the enzymes in the BER pathway have been identified in cancers. Biochemical characterisation of these mutants has elucidated various mechanisms that inhibit their activity. Furthermore, the packaging of DNA into chromatin poses another obstacle to the ability of BER enzymes to function properly. Investigations of BER in the base unit of chromatin, the nucleosome core particle (NCP), have revealed that the NCP acts as a complex substrate for BER enzymes. The constituent proteins of the NCP, the histones, also have variants that can further impact the structure of the NCP and may modulate access of enzymes to the packaged DNA. These histone variants have also displayed significant clinical effects both in carcinogenesis and patient prognosis. This review focuses on the underlying molecular mechanisms that present obstacles to BER and the relationship of these obstacles to cancer. In addition, several chemotherapeutics induce DNA damage that can be repaired by the BER pathway and understanding obstacles to BER can inform how resistance and/or sensitivity to these therapies may occur. With the understanding of these molecular mechanisms, current chemotherapeutic treatment regiments may be improved, and future therapies developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Caffrey
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Sarah Delaney
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI
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6
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Non-coding RNAs underlying chemoresistance in gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:961-988. [PMID: 32495294 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a major health issue in the Western world. Current clinical imperatives for this disease include the identification of more effective biomarkers to detect GC at early stages and enhance the prevention and treatment of metastatic and chemoresistant GC. The advent of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long-non coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which GC cells acquire features of therapy resistance. ncRNAs play critical roles in normal physiology, but their dysregulation has been detected in a variety of cancers, including GC. A subset of ncRNAs is GC-specific, implying their potential application as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. Hence, evaluating the specific functions of ncRNAs will help to expand novel treatment options for GC. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize some of the well-known ncRNAs that play a role in the development and progression of GC. We also review the application of such ncRNAs in clinical diagnostics and trials as potential biomarkers. Obviously, a deeper understanding of the biology and function of ncRNAs underlying chemoresistance can broaden horizons toward the development of personalized therapy against GC.
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7
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Feng Y, Hu T, Fang P, Zhou L, Li W, Fang Q, Fang J. Consecutive and automatic detection of multi-gene mutations from colorectal cancer samples by coupling droplet array-based capillary electrophoresis and PCR-RFLP. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3037-3049. [PMID: 32249344 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of targeted therapy is associated with multi-gene mutation status. Carrying out effective multi-genotyping analysis in combination has been a challenge in clinical settings. We therefore developed a droplet-based capillary electrophoresis (CE) system coupled with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technology to detect multi-gene mutations from a small volume of samples. A 16 × 16 200-nL droplet array for sample encapsulation was constructed on a glass chip. The electrophoresis system consisted of a tapered vertical capillary filled with polyvinylpyrrolidone, a laser-induced fluorescence detector, and a high voltage power supply. Notably, a droplet-based electrokinetic sample introduction method and a "∩" shape capillary were developed to facilitate consecutive droplet sampling using a home-made automatic control module. The DL2000 DNA marker was consecutively separated, achieving high migration time and plate number reproducibility. The system was further applied to detect PCR-RFLP products. For colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA were genotyped with a sensitivity of 0.25%. For CRC patient specimens, 30 samples were consecutively and automatically multi-genotyped without inter-sample contamination, with a lowest mutation frequency of 0.37%. For the first time, we developed a droplet-based CE system for consecutive DNA analysis with low sample consumption. This automated CE system could be further developed to integrate the full process of gene mutation detection, serving as a more effective platform for individualised therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Pan Fang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Chemistry Experiment Building, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wanming Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Qun Fang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Chemistry Experiment Building, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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8
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Conner KL, Shaik AN, Ekinci E, Kim S, Ruterbusch JJ, Cote ML, Patrick SM. HPV induction of APOBEC3 enzymes mediate overall survival and response to cisplatin in head and neck cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 87:102802. [PMID: 31981740 PMCID: PMC7033022 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSC). Cisplatin is used to treat HNSC and induces DNA adducts including interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Previous reports have shown that HPV positive HNSC patients respond better to cisplatin therapy. Our previous reports highlight that loss of base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR) results in cisplatin resistance. Of importance, uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) is required to initiate the BER response to cisplatin treatment and maintain drug sensitivity. These previous results highlight that specific cytidine deaminases could play an important role in the cisplatin response by activating the BER pathway to mediate drug sensitivity. The APOBEC3 (A3) family of cytidine deaminases are enzymes that restrict HPV as part of the immune defense to viral infection. In this study, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSC data were used to assess the association between the expression of the seven proteins in the A3 cytidine deaminase family, HPV-status and survival outcomes. Higher A3 G expression in HPV-positive tumors corresponds with better overall survival (OS) (HR 0.33, 95 % CI 0.11-0.93, p = 0.04). FaDu and Scc-25 HNSC cell lines were used to assess alterations in A3, BER and MMR expression in response to cisplatin. We demonstrate that A3, Polβ, and MSH6 knockdown in HNSC cells results in resistance to cisplatin and carboplatin as well as an increase in the rate of ICL removal in FaDu and Scc-25 HNSC cells. Our results suggest that A3s activate BER in HNSC, mediate repair of cisplatin ICLs and thereby, sensitize cells to cisplatin which likely contributes to the improved patient responses observed in HPV infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla L Conner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Asra N Shaik
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Elmira Ekinci
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Julie J Ruterbusch
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Michele L Cote
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Steve M Patrick
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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9
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Aberrations in DNA repair pathways in cancer and therapeutic significances. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 58:29-46. [PMID: 30922960 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells show various types of mutations and aberrant expression in genes involved in DNA repair responses. These alterations induce genome instability and promote carcinogenesis steps and cancer progression processes. These defects in DNA repair have also been considered as suitable targets for cancer therapies. A most effective target so far clinically demonstrated is "homologous recombination repair defect", such as BRCA1/2 mutations, shown to cause synthetic lethality with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which in turn is involved in DNA repair as well as multiple physiological processes. Different approaches targeting genomic instability, including immune therapy targeting mismatch-repair deficiency, have also recently been demonstrated to be promising strategies. In these DNA repair targeting-strategies, common issues could be how to optimize treatment and suppress/conquer the development of drug resistance. In this article, we review the extending framework of DNA repair response pathways and the potential impact of exploiting those defects on cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immune therapy.
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10
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Kim J, Kim J, Lee Y. DNA polymerase β deficiency in the p53 null cerebellum leads to medulloblastoma formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:548-553. [PMID: 30274781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Defects in DNA damage response or repair mechanisms during neurogenesis result in genomic instability, which is causative for several neural defects. These include brain tumors, particularly medulloblastoma, which occurs in the cerebellum with a high incidence in children. We generated an animal model with defective base excision repair during brain development through selective inactivation of DNA polymerase β (Polb) in neuroprogenitor cells. All of Polb conditional knockout mice developed medulloblastoma in a p53 null background, similar to the Xrcc1 and p53 double deficient animal model. XRCC1 is a scaffolding protein which is involved in DNA damage repair and binds to POLB. In both animal models, the histopathological characteristics of the medulloblastoma were similar to those of human classic medulloblastoma. Brain tumor development was slower in the Polb and p53 double null animals than in the Xrcc1 and p53 double knockout animals. Molecular marker analysis suggested that Polb- and Xrcc1-deficient medulloblastomas belonged to the SHHα subtype, underscoring the important role of genomic stability in preventing this devastating pediatric cerebellar tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jusik Kim
- Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemi Kim
- Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Genome Stability Institute, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Lee
- Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Genome Stability Institute, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate treatment targets the copper transporter ATP7A and enhances sensitivity of breast cancer to cisplatin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84439-84452. [PMID: 27806319 PMCID: PMC5341295 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective breast cancer drug but resistance often develops over prolonged chemotherapy. Therefore, we performed a candidate approach RNAi screen in combination with cisplatin treatment to identify molecular pathways conferring survival advantages. The screen identified ATP7A as a therapeutic target. ATP7A is a copper ATPase transporter responsible for intercellular movement and sequestering of cisplatin. Pharmaceutical replacement for ATP7A by ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TM) enhanced cisplatin treatment in breast cancer cells. Allograft and xenograft models in athymic nude mice treated with cisplatin/TM exhibited retarded tumor growth, reduced accumulation of cancer stem cells and decreased cell proliferation as compared to mono-treatment with cisplatin or TM. Cisplatin/TM treatment of cisplatin-resistant tumors reduced ATP7A protein levels, attenuated cisplatin sequestering by ATP7A, increased nuclear availability of cisplatin, and subsequently enhanced DNA damage and apoptosis. Microarray analysis of gene ontology pathways that responded uniquely to cisplatin/TM double treatment depicted changes in cell cycle regulation, specifically in the G1/S transition. These findings offer the potential to combat platinum-resistant tumors and sensitize patients to conventional breast cancer treatment by identifying and targeting the resistant tumors' unique molecular adaptations.
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Liang L, Zhang L, Cui D, Yang D. Identification of the key miRNAs associated with survival time in stomach adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4563-4572. [PMID: 29085454 PMCID: PMC5649651 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study aimed to identify the microRNAs associated with STAD survival time. The clinical information and microarray miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of STAD patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differential expression (DE) analysis was performed to identify DEmiRNAs and DEmRNAs in STAD. The DEmiRNAs associated with the survival time of patients with STAD were identified through DE analysis, negative correlation pair analysis, miRNA target gene prediction, univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis. The functions of the target genes of the DEmiRNAs were predicted with Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. A total of 355 DEmiRNAs and 1,722 DEmRNAs were identified between STAD and normal tissues. A total of 5 DEmiRNAs were identified to be associated with STAD survival, including 4 risk-associated DEmiRNAs (miR-30a, -143, -145 and -133b) and 1 protective DEmiRNA (miR-135b). The target DEmRNAs were significantly enriched for DNA metabolic process in the biological process GO category, and in KEGG cell cycle signaling pathways. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that the overall survival time in the miR-30a, -143, -145 and -133b high expression groups was significantly shorter than that in the low expression groups, whereas the survival time was prolonged in the miR-135b high expression group compared with that in the low expression group. Therefore, miR-30a, -143, -145, -133b and -135b may be involved in the tumorigenesis and development of STAD, and may be potential biomarkers for its early diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Daping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
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13
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WEE1 inhibition targets cell cycle checkpoints for triple negative breast cancers to overcome cisplatin resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43517. [PMID: 28262781 PMCID: PMC5338009 DOI: 10.1038/srep43517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used therapeutic drugs for cancer therapy, yet prolonged cisplatin treatment frequently results in drug resistance. To enhance therapeutic effect of cisplatin, we conducted a high throughput screening using a kinase library containing 704 kinases against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. We demonstrated that cisplatin activates ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, which shut down DNA replication and attenuate cisplatin induced-lethality. WEE1 inhibition sensitizes TNBCs and cisplatin resistant cancer cells to cisplatin-induced lethality, because it not only impairs DNA replication checkpoint more profoundly than inhibition of ATR or CHK1, but also defects G2-M cell cycle checkpoint. Finally, we demonstrated that combined cisplatin treatment and WEE1 inhibition synergistically inhibits xenograft cancer growth accompanied by markedly reduced expression of TNBC signature genes. Thus targeting DNA replication and G2-M cell cycle checkpoint simultaneously by cisplatin and WEE1 inhibition is promising for TNBCs treatment, and for overcoming their cisplatin resistance.
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, He J, Fu Y, Lin C, Li X. MicroRNA-133b is regulated by TAp63 while no gene mutation is present in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1646-1652. [PMID: 28098895 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of miR-133b has been reported in multiple types of malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously confirmed that TAp63 actively translates microRNA-133b (miR-133b) transcripts. While the presence of miRNA mutations have frequently been described in CRC, most CRCs do not show any variation in the miR‑133b coding sequence. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the relationship between TAp63 and miR-133b, and identify other mediators of miR-133b downregulation in CRC. The expression of TAp63 was detected by RT-qPCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and densitometric analysis using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software in 38 CRC and corresponding non-cancerous tissues (NCTs). The expression of mature miR‑133b was determined by RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization (ISH) and densitometric analysis using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. The DNA from 38 CRC tissues and NCTs were screened for miR-133b mutations through sequence analysis. Compared with the NCTs, TAp63 mRNA expression was significantly lower in 21 (55.27%) tumor tissues. Compared with the NCTs, the miR‑133b expression level was significantly lower in 31 (81.58%) tumor tissues. The expression of miR‑133b was found to be positively correlated with TAp63. Loss of TAp63 and miR-133b was associated with an increased likelihood of metastatic events. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of TAp63 for CRC was 0.623 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.497-0.748; P=0.046], with 73.7% sensitivity and 50% specificity, respectively. The AUC of miR-133b for CRC was 0.857 (95% CI, 0.774‑0.940; P<0.0001), with 78.9% sensitivity and 81.6% specificity, respectively. The combined AUC of TAp63 and miR-133b for CRC was 0.881 (95% CI, 0.805-0.956; P<0.0001), with 89.5% sensitivity and 71.1% specificity, respectively. Point mutations within the seed region of miR-133b were found in 1 patient, but the point mutation did not impact the secondary structure of the pre-miR-133b. Therefore, downregulation of TAp63 may be one reason for the dysregulation of miR‑133b in CRC. The expression analysis of TAp63 and miR-133b revealed that they may be used as valuable prognostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhuai He
- Department of Breast, Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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15
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Mentegari E, Kissova M, Bavagnoli L, Maga G, Crespan E. DNA Polymerases λ and β: The Double-Edged Swords of DNA Repair. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7090057. [PMID: 27589807 PMCID: PMC5042388 DOI: 10.3390/genes7090057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is constantly exposed to both endogenous and exogenous damages. More than 10,000 DNA modifications are induced every day in each cell's genome. Maintenance of the integrity of the genome is accomplished by several DNA repair systems. The core enzymes for these pathways are the DNA polymerases. Out of 17 DNA polymerases present in a mammalian cell, at least 13 are specifically devoted to DNA repair and are often acting in different pathways. DNA polymerases β and λ are involved in base excision repair of modified DNA bases and translesion synthesis past DNA lesions. Polymerase λ also participates in non-homologous end joining of DNA double-strand breaks. However, recent data have revealed that, depending on their relative levels, the cell cycle phase, the ratio between deoxy- and ribo-nucleotide pools and the interaction with particular auxiliary proteins, the repair reactions carried out by these enzymes can be an important source of genetic instability, owing to repair mistakes. This review summarizes the most recent results on the ambivalent properties of these enzymes in limiting or promoting genetic instability in mammalian cells, as well as their potential use as targets for anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mentegari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Miroslava Kissova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Laura Bavagnoli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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16
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Rozacky J, Nemec AA, Sweasy JB, Kidane D. Gastric cancer associated variant of DNA polymerase beta (Leu22Pro) promotes DNA replication associated double strand breaks. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24474-87. [PMID: 26090616 PMCID: PMC4695199 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase beta (Pol β) is a key enzymefor the protection against oxidative DNA lesions via itsrole in base excision repair (BER). Approximately 1/3 of tumors studied to date express Pol β variant proteins, and several tumors overexpress Pol β. Pol β possesses DNA polymerase and dRP lyase activities, both of which are known to be important for efficient BER. The dRP lyase activity resides within the 8kDa amino terminal domain of Pol β, is responsible for removal of the 5′ phosphate group (5′-dRP). The DNA polymerase subsequently fills the gaps. Previously, we demonstrated that the human gastric cancer-associated variant of Pol β (Leu22Pro (L22P)) lacks dRP lyase function in vitro. Here, we report that L22P-expressing cells harbor significantly increased replication associated DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and defective maintenance of the nascent DNA strand (NDS) during replication stress. Moreover, L22P-expressing cells are sensitive to PARP1 inhibitors, which suggests trapped PARP1 binds to the 5′-dRP group and blocks replications forks, resulting in fork collapse and DSBs. Our data suggest that the normal function of the dRP lyase is critical to maintain replication fork integrity and prevent replication fork collapse to DSBs and cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Rozacky
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Antoni A Nemec
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Joann B Sweasy
- Departments of Therapeutic Radiology and Genetics, The Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Dawit Kidane
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX, USA
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17
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Li WM, Hu TT, Zhou LL, Feng YM, Wang YY, Fang J. Highly sensitive detection of the PIK3CA (H1047R) mutation in colorectal cancer using a novel PCR-RFLP method. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:454. [PMID: 27405731 PMCID: PMC4941018 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PIK3CA (H1047R) mutation is considered to be a potential predictive biomarker for EGFR-targeted therapies. In this study, we developed a novel PCR-PFLP approach to detect the PIK3CA (H1047R) mutation in high effectiveness. METHODS A 126-bp fragment of PIK3CA exon-20 was amplified by PCR, digested with FspI restriction endonuclease and separated by 3 % agarose gel electrophoresis for the PCR-RFLP analysis. The mutant sequence of the PIK3CA (H1047R) was spiked into the corresponding wild-type sequence in decreasing ratios for sensitivity analysis. Eight-six cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens were subjected to PCR-RFLP to evaluate the applicability of the method. RESULTS The PCR-RFLP method had a capability to detect as litter as 0.4 % of mutation, and revealed 16.3 % of the PIK3CA (H1047R) mutation in 86 CRC tissues, which was significantly higher than that discovered by DNA sequencing (9.3 %). A positive association between the PIK3CA (H1047R) mutation and the patients' age was first found, except for the negative relationship with the degree of tumor differentiation. In addition, the highly sensitive detection of a combinatorial mutation of PIK3CA, KRAS and BRAF was achieved using individual PCR-RFLP methods. CONCLUSIONS We developed a sensitive, simple and rapid approach to detect the low-abundance PIK3CA (H1047R) mutation in real CRC specimens, providing an effective tool for guiding cancer targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ming Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Tan X, Wu X, Ren S, Wang H, Li Z, Alshenawy W, Li W, Cui J, Luo G, Siegel RS, Fu SW, Lu Y. A Point Mutation in DNA Polymerase β (POLB) Gene Is Associated with Increased Progesterone Receptor (PR) Expression and Intraperitoneal Metastasis in Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:1472-80. [PMID: 27471563 PMCID: PMC4964131 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of progesterone receptor (PR) has been reported in gastric cancer (GC). We have previously identified a functional T889C point mutation in DNA polymerase beta (POLB), a DNA repair gene in GC. To provide a detailed analysis of molecular changes associated with the mutation, human cDNA microarrays focusing on 18 signal transduction pathways were used to analyze differential gene expression profiles between GC tissues with T889C mutant in POLB gene and those with wild type. Among the differentially expressed genes, notably, PR was one of the significantly up-regulated genes in T889C mutant POLB tissues, which were subsequently confirmed in POLB gene transfected AGS cell line. Interestingly, patients with T889C mutation and PR positivity were associated with higher incidence of intraperitoneal metastasis (IM). In vitro studies indicate that PR expression was upregulated in AGS cell line when transfected with T889C mutant expression vector. Cotransfection of T889C mutant allele and PR gene induced cell migration in the cell line. These data demonstrated that T889C mutation-associated PR overexpression results in increased IM. Therefore, T889C mutation-associated PR overexpression may serve as a biomarker for an adverse prognosis for human GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tan
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China;; 6. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- 2. Department of Gastroenterology, The Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China;; 6. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Shuyang Ren
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- 3. Department of Sugary, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- 4. Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Weaam Alshenawy
- 6. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Wenmei Li
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiantao Cui
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Guangbin Luo
- 5. Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Robert S Siegel
- 6. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Sidney W Fu
- 6. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Youyong Lu
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
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19
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Khan S, Imran A, Khan AA, Abul Kalam M, Alshamsan A. Systems Biology Approaches for the Prediction of Possible Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae Proteins in the Etiology of Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148530. [PMID: 26871581 PMCID: PMC4752481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has recently supported the association of bacterial infection with the growth and development of cancers, particularly in organs that are constantly exposed to bacteria such as the lungs, colon, cervical cancer etc. Our in silico study on the proteome of Chlamydia pneumoniae suggests an unprecedented idea of the etiology of lung cancer and have revealed that the infection of C. pneumoniae is associated with lung cancer development and growth. It is reasonable to assume that C. pneumoniae transports its proteins within host-intracellular organelles during infection, where they may work with host-cell proteome. The current study was performed for the prediction of nuclear targeting protein of C. pneumoniae in the host cell using bioinformatics predictors including ExPASy pI/Mw tool, nuclear localization signal (NLS) mapper, balanced sub cellular localization predictor (BaCeILo), and Hum-mPLoc 2.0. We predicted 47/1112 nuclear-targeting proteins of C. pneumoniae connected with several possible alterations in host replication and transcription during intracellular infection. These nuclear-targeting proteins may direct to competitive interactions of host and C. pneumoniae proteins with the availability of same substrate and may be involved as etiological agents in the growth and development of lung cancer. These novel findings are expected to access in better understanding of lung cancer etiology and identifying molecular targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanavaj Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahamad Imran
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Arif Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Abul Kalam
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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