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Tolue Ghasaban F, Ghanei M, Mahmoudian RA, Taghehchian N, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of epithelial mesenchymal transition in pancreatic tumor cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30599. [PMID: 38726188 PMCID: PMC11079401 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), as one of the main endocrine and digestive systems malignancies has the highest cancer related mortality in the world. Lack of the evident clinical symptoms and appropriate diagnostic markers in the early stages of tumor progression are the main reasons of the high mortality rate among PC patients. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the molecular pathways involved in the PC progression, in order to introduce novel early diagnostic methods. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical cellular process associated with pancreatic tumor cells invasion and distant metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also important regulators of EMT process. In the present review, we discussed the role of miRNAs in regulation of EMT process during PC progression. It has been reported that the miRNAs mainly regulate the EMT process in pancreatic tumor cells through the regulation of EMT-specific transcription factors and several signaling pathways such as WNT, NOTCH, TGF-β, JAK/STAT, and PI3K/AKT. Considering the high stability of miRNAs in body fluids and their role in regulation of EMT process, they can be introduced as the non-invasive diagnostic markers in the early stages of malignant pancreatic tumors. This review paves the way to introduce a non-invasive EMT based panel marker for the early tumor detection among PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Tolue Ghasaban
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghanei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abulsoud AI, Elshaer SS, Abdelmaksoud NM, Zaki MB, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail A, Al-Noshokaty TM, Fathi D, Abdel-Reheim MA, Mohammed OA, Doghish AS. Investigating the regulatory role of miRNAs as silent conductors in the management of pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154855. [PMID: 37806169 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has the greatest mortality rate of all the main malignancies. Its advanced stage and poor prognosis place it at the bottom of all cancer sites. Hence, emerging biomarkers can enable precision medicine where PC therapy is tailored to each patient. This highlights the need for new, highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for early PC diagnosis. Prognostic indicators are also required to stratify PC patients. To avoid ineffective treatment, adverse events, and expenses, biomarkers are also required for patient monitoring and identifying responders to treatment. There is substantial evidence that microRNAs (miRs, miRNAs) play a critical role in regulating mRNA and, as a consequence, protein expression in normal and malignant tissues. Deregulated miRNA profiling in PC can help with diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis. Furthermore, knowledge of the primary effector genes and downstream pathways in PC can help pinpoint potential miRNAs for use in treatment. Different miRNA expression profiles may serve as diagnostic, prognostic markers, and therapeutic targets across the spectrum of malignant pancreatic illness. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to the malignant pathophysiology of PC through affecting many cellular functions such as increasing invasive and proliferative prospect, supporting angiogenesis, cell cycle aberrance, apoptosis elusion, metastasis promotion, and low sensitivity to particular treatments. Accordingly, in the current review, we summarize the recent advances in the roles of oncogenic and tumor suppressor (TS) miRNAs in PC and discuss their potential as worthy diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PC, as well as their significance in PC pathogenesis and anticancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Shereen Saeid Elshaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr city, Cairo 11823, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Bakr Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tohada M Al-Noshokaty
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Doaa Fathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt.
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Hamdy Gad E. Pancreatic Cancer: Updates in Pathogenesis and Therapies. PANCREATIC CANCER- UPDATES IN PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPIES [WORKING TITLE] 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progress in pancreatic cancer (PC) chemo/radiotherapies, immunotherapies, and novel targeted therapies and the improvement in its peri-operative management policies, it still has a dismal catastrophic prognosis due to delayed detection, early neural and vascular invasions, early micro-metastatic spread, tumour heterogeneities, drug resistance either intrinsic or acquired, unique desmoplastic stroma, and tumour microenvironment (TME). Understanding tumour pathogenesis at the detailed genetic/epigenetic/metabolic/molecular levels as well as studying the tumour risk factors and its known precancerous lesions aggressively is required for getting a more successful therapy for this challenging tumour. For a better outcome of this catastrophic tumour, it should be diagnosed early and treated through multidisciplinary teams of surgeons, gastroenterologists/interventional upper endoscopists, medical/radiation oncologists, diagnostic/intervention radiologists, and pathologists at high-volume centres. Moreover, surgical resection with a negative margin (R0) is the only cure for it. In this chapter; we discuss the recently updated knowledge of PC pathogenesis, risk factors, and precancerous lesions as well as its different management tools (i.e. surgery, chemo/radiotherapies, immunotherapies, novel targeted therapies, local ablative therapies, etc.).
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Akhavanfar R, Shafagh SG, Mohammadpour B, Farahmand Y, Lotfalizadeh MH, Kookli K, Adili A, Siri G, Eshagh Hosseini SM. A comprehensive insight into the correlation between ncRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in gastric cancer pathogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:166. [PMID: 37386429 PMCID: PMC10308667 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, gastric cancer (GC) has emerged as one of the most frequent malignancies with a growing rate of prevalence around the world. Despite considerable advances in therapeutic methods, the prognosis and management of patients with gastric cancer (GC) continue to be poor. As one of the candidate molecular targets in the treatment of many types of cancer, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway includes a family of proteins that have important functions in adult tissue homeostasis and embryonic development. The aberrant regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is strongly correlated with the initiation and development of numerous cancers, including GC. Therefore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been identified as one of the main targets for extending therapeutic approaches for GC patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long ncRNAs, are important components of epigenetic mechanisms in gene regulation. They play vital roles in various molecular and cellular processes and regulate many signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Insights into these regulatory molecules involved in GC development may lead to the identification of potential targets for overcoming the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. Consequently, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of ncRNAs interactions involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway function in GC with diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Akhavanfar
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Yalda Farahmand
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keihan Kookli
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Adili
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Goli Siri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yan H, Tang S, Tang S, Zhang J, Guo H, Qin C, Hu H, Zhong C, Yang L, Zhu Y, Zhou H. miRNAs in anti-cancer drug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer: Recent advances and future potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949566. [PMID: 36386184 PMCID: PMC9640411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Clinical success is suboptimal owing to late diagnosis, limited treatment options, high recurrence rates, and the development of drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a range of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that are 22 nucleotides in length, have emerged as one of the most important players in cancer initiation and progression in recent decades. Current evidence has revealed the pivotal roles of miRNAs in regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis in NSCLC. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are strongly associated with resistance to anti-cancer drugs, ranging from traditional chemotherapeutic and immunotherapy drugs to anti-vascular drugs, and even during radiotherapy. In this review, we briefly introduce the mechanism of miRNA dysregulation and resistance to anti-tumor therapy in NSCLC, and summarize the role of miRNAs in the malignant process of NSCLC. We then discuss studies of resistance-related miRNAs in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and anti-vascular therapy in NSCLC. Finally, we will explore the application prospects of miRNA, an emerging small molecule, for future anti-tumor therapy. This review is the first to summarize the latest research progress on miRNAs in anti-cancer drug resistance based on drug classification, and to discuss their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shengjie Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
| | - Shoujun Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Haiyang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chuan Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
| | - Yunhe Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- *Correspondence: Yunhe Zhu, ; Haining Zhou,
| | - Haining Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yunhe Zhu, ; Haining Zhou,
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Quatannens D, Verhoeven Y, Van Dam P, Lardon F, Prenen H, Roeyen G, Peeters M, Smits ELJ, Van Audenaerde J. Targeting hedgehog signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108107. [PMID: 34999181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a leading cause of cancer related death. The urgent need for effective therapies is highlighted by the lack of adequate targeting. In PDAC, hedgehog (Hh) signaling is known to be aberrantly activated, which prompted the pathway as a possible target for effective treatment for PDAC patients. Unfortunately, specific targeting of upstream molecules within the Hh signaling pathway failed to bring clinical benefit. This led to the ongoing debate on Hh targeting as a therapeutic treatment for PDAC patients. Additionally, concurrent non-canonical activation routes also result in translocation of Gli transcription factors into the nucleus. Therefore, different downstream targets of the Hh signaling pathway were identified and evaluated in preclinical and clinical research. In this review we summarize the variety of Hh signaling antagonists in different preclinical models of PDAC. Furthermore, we discuss published and ongoing clinical trials that evaluated Hh antagonists and point out the current hurdles and future perspectives in the light of redesigning Hh-targeting therapies for the treatment of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Quatannens
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Yannick Verhoeven
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Peter Van Dam
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hans Prenen
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Geert Roeyen
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Hepatobiliary Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Evelien L J Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jonas Van Audenaerde
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Xu Z, Chen Z, Peng M, Zhang Z, Luo W, Shi R, Wang L, Hong Y. MicroRNA MiR-490-5p suppresses pancreatic cancer through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition via targeting MAGI2 antisense RNA 3. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2673-2685. [PMID: 35043728 PMCID: PMC8974041 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer with about 5% five-year overall survival rate remains a challenge. Invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells are the main factors leading to poor prognosis. MicroRNA-490-5p (miR-490-5p) has anti-cancer effects in a variety of tumors, but its role in pancreatic cancer has not been reported. The mRNA expressions of miR-490-5p, MAGI2 antisense RNA 3 (MAGI2-AS3), Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, while the protein expressions of these genes except miR-490-5p were measured by Western blot analysis. The cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), apoptosis and transwell assays. MiR-490-5p was abnormally low-expressed in pancreatic cancer, whose down-regulation generated enhanced effects on viability, migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells, as well as MAGI2-AS3 expression. MiR-490-5p mimic exerted the opposite effect on cells, which also down-regulated MMP2, MMP9, and N-cadherin protein expressions, while up-regulating E-cadherin protein expression. MAGI2-AS3, which was the targeted binding site of miR-490-5p, promoted viability, migration and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis of cancer cells. More importantly, miR-490-5p played an anti-cancer role in pancreatic cancer by targeting MAGI2-AS3 and regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was partially offset by MAGI2-AS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Guangdong, China
| | - Zeming Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Minsi Peng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuliang Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixiang Luo
- Department of Nursing, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiyue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Guangdong, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Guangdong, China
| | - Yingcai Hong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Guangdong, China
- CONTACT Yingcai Hong Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Guangdong, China
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Lu HJ, Li J, Yang G, Yi CJ, Zhang D, Yu F, Ma Z. Circular RNAs in stem cells: from basic research to clinical implications. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20212510. [PMID: 34908111 PMCID: PMC8738868 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special class of endogenous RNAs with a wide variety of pathophysiological functions via diverse mechanisms, including transcription, microRNA (miRNA) sponge, protein sponge/decoy, and translation. Stem cells are pluripotent cells with unique properties of self-renewal and differentiation. Dysregulated circRNAs identified in various stem cell types can affect stem cell self-renewal and differentiation potential by manipulating stemness. However, the emerging roles of circRNAs in stem cells remain largely unknown. This review summarizes the major functions and mechanisms of action of circRNAs in stem cell biology and disease progression. We also highlight circRNA-mediated common pathways in diverse stem cell types and discuss their diagnostic significance with respect to stem cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Cun-Jian Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Daping Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Fenggang Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Yinfeng Biological Group, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
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9
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Emerging role of exosomes as biomarkers in cancer treatment and diagnosis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103565. [PMID: 34871719 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and cancer incidence and mortality are rapidly growing. These massive amounts of cancer patients require rapid diagnosis and efficient treatment strategies. However, the currently utilized methods are invasive and cost-effective. Recently, the effective roles of exosomes as promising diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers have been revealed. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles containing RNAs, DNAs, and proteins, and are present in a wide array of body fluids. Exosomal cargos have shown the potential to detect various types of cancers at early stages with high sensitivity and specificity. They can also delivery therapeutic agents efficiently. In this article, an overview of recent advances in the research of exosomal biomarkers and their applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment has been provided. Furthermore, the advantages and challenges of exosomes as liquid biopsy targets are discussed and the clinical implications of using exosomal miRNAs have been revealed.
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Schlick K, Kiem D, Greil R. Recent Advances in Pancreatic Cancer: Novel Prognostic Biomarkers and Targeted Therapy-A Review of the Literature. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1469. [PMID: 34680101 PMCID: PMC8533343 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma carries a devastating prognosis. For locally advanced and metastatic disease, several chemotherapeutic regimens are currently being used. Over the past years, novel approaches have included targeting EGFR, NTRK, PARP, K-Ras as well as stroma and fibrosis, leading to approval of NTRK and PARP inhibitors. Moreover, immune check point inhibitors and different combinational approaches involving immunotherapeutic agents are being investigated in many clinical trials. MiRNAs represent a novel tool and are thought to greatly improve management by allowing for earlier diagnosis and for more precise guidance of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Schlick
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (K.S.); (D.K.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dominik Kiem
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (K.S.); (D.K.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (K.S.); (D.K.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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11
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Karimnia V, Slack FJ, Celli JP. Photodynamic Therapy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174354. [PMID: 34503165 PMCID: PMC8431269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal of human cancers. Numerous clinical trials evaluating various combinations of chemotherapy and targeted agents and radiotherapy have failed to provide meaningful improvements in survival. A growing number of studies however have indicated that photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be a viable approach for treatment of some pancreatic tumors. PDT, which uses light to activate a photosensitizing agent in target tissue, has seen widespread adoption primarily for dermatological and other applications where superficial light delivery is relatively straightforward. Advances in fiber optic light delivery and dosimetry however have been leveraged to enable PDT even for challenging internal sites, including the pancreas. The aim of this article is to help inform future directions by reviewing relevant literature on the basic science, current clinical status, and potential challenges in the development of PDT as a treatment for PDAC. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal of human cancers. Clinical trials of various chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted agents and combination strategies have generally failed to provide meaningful improvement in survival for patients with unresectable disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry-based approach that enables selective cell killing using tumor-localizing agents activated by visible or near-infrared light. In recent years, clinical studies have demonstrated the technical feasibility of PDT for patients with locally advanced PDAC while a growing body of preclinical literature has shown that PDT can overcome drug resistance and target problematic and aggressive disease. Emerging evidence also suggests the ability of PDT to target PDAC stroma, which is known to act as both a barrier to drug delivery and a tumor-promoting signaling partner. Here, we review the literature which indicates an emergent role of PDT in clinical management of PDAC, including the potential for combination with other targeted agents and RNA medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Karimnia
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
| | - Frank J. Slack
- Department of Pathology, BIDMC Cancer Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Jonathan P. Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Xia T, Chen XY, Zhang YN. MicroRNAs as biomarkers and perspectives in the therapy of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4191-4203. [PMID: 34324119 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is considered as one of the most aggressive tumor types, representing over 45,750 mortality cases annually in the USA solely. The aggressive nature and late identification of pancreatic cancer, combined with the restrictions of existing chemotherapeutics, present the mandatory need for the advancement of novel treatment systems. Ongoing reports have shown an important role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the initiation, migration, and metastasis of malignancies. Besides, abnormal transcriptional levels of miRNAs have regularly been related with etiopathogenesis of pancreatic malignancy, underlining the conceivable utilization of miRNAs in the management of pancreatic disease patients. In this review article, we give a concise outline of molecular pathways involved in etiopathogenesis of pancreatic cancer patients as well as miRNA implications in pancreatic cancer patients. Ensuing sections describe the involvement of miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of pancreatic cancer patients. The involvement of miRNAs in the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancers was also discussed. End area portrays the substance of survey with future headings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal-Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - You-Ni Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People's Hospital), Kangning Middle Road, Shifeng Street, Tiantai County, Taizhou, 317200, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Mortoglou M, Tabin ZK, Arisan ED, Kocher HM, Uysal-Onganer P. Non-coding RNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: New approaches for better diagnosis and therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101090. [PMID: 33831655 PMCID: PMC8042452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate less than 8%, which has remained unchanged over the last 50 years. Early detection is particularly difficult due to the lack of disease-specific symptoms and a reliable biomarker. Multimodality treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy (used sparingly) and surgery has become the standard of care for patients with PDAC. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is the most common diagnostic biomarker; however, it is not specific enough especially for asymptomatic patients. Non-coding RNAs are often deregulated in human malignancies and shown to be involved in cancer-related mechanisms such as cell growth, differentiation, and cell death. Several micro, long non-coding and circular RNAs have been reported to date which are involved in PDAC. Aim of this review is to discuss the roles and functions of non-coding RNAs in diagnosis and treatments of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mortoglou
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Zoey Kathleen Tabin
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - E Damla Arisan
- Institution of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey.
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute-a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
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14
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Karkhane M, Lashgarian HE, Hormozi M, Fallahi S, Cheraghipour K, Marzban A. Oncogenesis and Tumor Inhibition by MicroRNAs and its Potential Therapeutic Applications: A Systematic Review. Microrna 2021; 9:198-215. [PMID: 31686643 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666191104103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs appear as small molecule modifiers, which improve many new findings and mechanical illustrations for critically important biological phenomena and pathologic events. The best-characterized non-coding RNA family consists of about 2600 human microRNAs. Rich evidence has revealed their crucial importance in maintaining normal development, differentiation, growth control, aging, modulation of cell survival or apoptosis, as well as migration and metastasis as microRNAs dysregulation leads to cancer incidence and progression. By far, microRNAs have recently emerged as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. The rationale for developing microRNA therapeutics is based on the premise that aberrantly expressed microRNAs play a significant role in the emergence of a variety of human diseases ranging from cardiovascular defects to cancer, and that repairing these microRNA deficiencies by either antagonizing or restoring microRNA function may yield a therapeutic benefit. Although microRNA antagonists are conceptually similar to other inhibitory therapies, improving the performance of microRNAs by microRNA replacement or inhibition that is a less well- described attitude. In this assay, we have condensed the last global knowledge and concepts regarding the involvement of microRNAs in cancer emergence, which has been achieved from the previous studies, consisting of the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, such as cell cycle control and the DNA damage response and the disruption of profile expression in human cancer. Here, we have reviewed the special characteristics of microRNA replacement and inhibition therapies and discussed explorations linked with the delivery of microRNA mimics in turmeric cells. Besides, the achievement of biomarkers based on microRNAs in clinics is considered as novel non-invasive biomarkers in diagnostic and prognostic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karkhane
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Esmaeil Lashgarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hormozi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kourosh Cheraghipour
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abdolrazagh Marzban
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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15
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Turanli B, Yildirim E, Gulfidan G, Arga KY, Sinha R. Current State of "Omics" Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:127. [PMID: 33672926 PMCID: PMC7918884 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths related to late diagnosis, poor survival rates, and high incidence of metastasis. Unfortunately, pancreatic cancer is predicted to become the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the future. Therefore, diagnosis at the early stages of pancreatic cancer for initial diagnosis or postoperative recurrence is a great challenge, as well as predicting prognosis precisely in the context of biomarker discovery. From the personalized medicine perspective, the lack of molecular biomarkers for patient selection confines tailored therapy options, including selecting drugs and their doses or even diet. Currently, there is no standardized pancreatic cancer screening strategy using molecular biomarkers, but CA19-9 is the most well known marker for the detection of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, recent innovations in high-throughput techniques have enabled the discovery of specific biomarkers of cancers using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, and metagenomics. Panels combining CA19-9 with other novel biomarkers from different "omics" levels might represent an ideal strategy for the early detection of pancreatic cancer. The systems biology approach may shed a light on biomarker identification of pancreatic cancer by integrating multi-omics approaches. In this review, we provide background information on the current state of pancreatic cancer biomarkers from multi-omics stages. Furthermore, we conclude this review on how multi-omics data may reveal new biomarkers to be used for personalized medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beste Turanli
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.T.); (E.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Esra Yildirim
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.T.); (E.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Gizem Gulfidan
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.T.); (E.Y.); (G.G.)
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.T.); (E.Y.); (G.G.)
- Turkish Institute of Public Health and Chronic Diseases, 34718 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raghu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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16
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of microRNAs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228782. [PMID: 33233641 PMCID: PMC7699705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous suppressors of target mRNAs, are deeply involved in every step of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development, from tumor initiation to progression and metastasis. They play roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and metastatic colonization, as well as immunosuppression. Due to their versatility, numerous attempts have been made to use miRNAs for clinical applications. miRNAs can be used as cancer subtype classifiers, diagnostic markers, drug-response predictors, prognostic markers, and therapeutic targets in NSCLC. Many challenges remain ahead of their actual clinical application; however, when achieved, the use of miRNAs in the clinic is expected to enable great progress in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with NSCLC.
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17
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Guz M, Jeleniewicz W, Cybulski M, Kozicka J, Kurzepa J, Mądro A. Serum miR-210-3p can be used to differentiate between patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis. Biomed Rep 2020; 14:10. [PMID: 33235725 PMCID: PMC7678635 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) are at risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To the best of our knowledge, there are no suitable non-invasive biomarkers for differentiation between CP and PDAC; however, potential molecular candidates include circulating miRNAs due to ease of extraction, their stability and tissue specificity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify potential serum marker(s) that may be used for differentiating between CP and PDAC. In total, 77 patients were enrolled in the present study; 34 patients with CP, 26 patients with PDAC and a control group of 17 healthy individuals. Expression of miR-10b-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-210-3p and miR-216a-5p in serum was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Serum miRNA expression levels in patients with CP, PDAC and in the control group were compared. Routine biochemical blood parameters were determined and correlation analysis of these parameters with miRNA expression was performed. Expression of miR-210-3p was increased in the sera of patients with PDAC compared with the CP patients (P=0.015) and with the control group (P<0.001). MiR-106b-5p (P=0.056) and miR-10b-5p (P=0.080) were not significantly upregulated in patients with PDAC compared with those with CP. Analysis of miRNA expression in relation to laboratory blood parameters showed positive correlations between miR-210-3p with alkaline phosphatase (r=0.605; P=0.022) and with γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (r=0.529; P=0.029) in PDAC. The novel finding of the present study was that miR-10b-5p was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (r=0.429; P=0.047) in patients with PDAC and with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (r=0.483; P=0.005) in CP. Based on the preliminary data obtained in the present study, it was concluded that miR-210-3p may be used as a non-invasive biomarker that can be used to distinguish between patients with PDAC and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Guz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Witold Jeleniewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Cybulski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozicka
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopic Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Kurzepa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mądro
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopic Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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18
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Shi X, Sheng W, Jia C, Tang J, Dong M. Hsa-MiR-590-3p Promotes the Malignancy Progression of Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma by Inhibiting the Expression of p27 and PPP2R2A via G1/S Cell Cycle Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11045-11058. [PMID: 33149617 PMCID: PMC7605676 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s260499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of miR-590-3p on the malignant biological behavior of pancreatic cancer, and to explore the target genes and pathways directly affected by miR-590-3p, to provide new therapeutic ideas and targets for the study of the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods We used qRT-PCR to measure miR-590-3p expression quantities. We used cell cycle, CCK-8, clonal formation to verify the change of proliferation capacity of PC cells. We used transwell assay to detect the migration and invasion of PC cells. We used the bioinformatics tool TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org) to identify the possible target genes of miR-590-3p. Immunohistochemistry revealed the clinicopathological significance of PPP2R2A, p27 and miR-590-3p in the expression of pancreatic cancer. Western blot was used to detect the expression changes of PPP2R2A, p27 and G1/S cell cycle pathway-related proteins CDK2, cyclinE2 and p21 after transfection of mimics and inhibitors of miR-590-3p. Results According to our study, hsa-miR-590-3p expression was significantly higher in PC tissues than that in paired normal pancreas, which was associated with PC tumor size (P=0.042) and preoperative CA19-9 level (P=0.046) of PC patients. Its overexpression promoted PC cell proliferation, invasion and migration following with the p27 and PPP2R2A protein downregulation in Capan-2, PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells, and vice versa. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay further confirmed that p27 and PPP2R2A were direct target genes of miR-590-3p. The negative relationship of miR-590-3p with p27 and PPP2R2A was also observed in PC tissues. Conclusion MiR-590-3p promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. MiR-590-3p directly downregulated p27 and PPP2R2A and via the G1/S cell cycle pathway to promote the development of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
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Zhan T, Chen X, Tian X, Han Z, Liu M, Zou Y, Huang S, Chen A, Cheng X, Deng J, Tan J, Huang X. MiR-331-3p Links to Drug Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Activating WNT/β-Catenin Signal via ST7L. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820945801. [PMID: 32924881 PMCID: PMC7493267 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820945801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive type of cancer with poor prognosis, short survival rate, and high mortality. Drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in the disease. MiR-331-3p has been reported to play an important role in several cancers. We previously showed that miR-331-3p is upregulated in pancreatic cancer and promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–mediated metastasis by targeting ST7L. However, it is uncertain whether miR-331-3p is involved in drug resistance. Methods: We investigated the relationship between miR-331-3p and pancreatic cancer drug resistance. As part of this, microRNA mimics or inhibitors were transfected into pancreatic cancer cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect miR-331-3p expression, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to measure the IC50 values of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. The expression of multidrug resistance protein 1, multidrug resistance-related protein 1, breast cancer resistance protein, β-Catenin, c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 was evaluated by Western blotting. Results: We confirmed that miR-331-3p is upregulated in gemcitabine-treated pancreatic cancer cells and plasma from chemotherapy patients. We also confirmed that miR-331-3p inhibition decreased drug resistance by regulating cell apoptosis and multidrug resistance protein 1, multidrug resistance-related protein 1, and breast cancer resistance protein expression in pancreatic cancer cells, whereas miR-331-3p overexpression had the opposite effect. We further demonstrated that miR-331-3p effects in drug resistance were partially reversed by ST7L overexpression. In addition, overexpression of miR-331-3p activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in pancreatic cancer cells, and ST7L overexpression restored activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusions: Taken together, our data demonstrate that miR-331-3p contributes to drug resistance by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling via ST7L in pancreatic cancer cells. These data provide a theoretical basis for new targeted therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanli Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aifang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueting Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junsheng Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, 89674Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Rzemieniec J, Bratek E, Wnuk A, Przepiórska K, Salińska E, Kajta M. Neuroprotective effect of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane against perinatal asphyxia involves inhibition of the AhR and NMDA signaling and hypermethylation of specific genes. Apoptosis 2020; 25:747-762. [PMID: 32816128 PMCID: PMC7527327 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Each year, 1 million children die due to perinatal asphyxia; however, there are no effective drugs to protect the neonatal brain against hypoxic/ischemic damage. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the neuroprotective capacity of 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) in an in vivo model of rat perinatal asphyxia, which has translational value and corresponds to hypoxic/ischemic episodes in human newborns. Posttreatment with DIM restored the weight of the ipsilateral hemisphere and normalized cell number in the brain structures of rats exposed to perinatal asphyxia. DIM also downregulated the mRNA expression of HIF1A-regulated Bnip3 and Hif1a which is a hypoxic marker, and the expression of miR-181b which is an indicator of perinatal asphyxia. In addition, DIM inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress accompanying perinatal asphyxia through: downregulation of FAS, CASP-3, CAPN1, GPx3 and SOD-1, attenuation of caspase-9 activity, and upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 mRNA. The protective effects of DIM were accompanied by the inhibition of the AhR and NMDA signaling pathways, as indicated by the reduced expression levels of AhR, ARNT, CYP1A1, GluN1 and GluN2B, which was correlated with enhanced global DNA methylation and the methylation of the Ahr and Grin2b genes. Because our study provided evidence that in rat brain undergoing perinatal asphyxia, DIM predominantly targets AhR and NMDA, we postulate that compounds that possess the ability to inhibit their signaling are promising therapeutic tools to prevent stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rzemieniec
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - E Bratek
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Wnuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Przepiórska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - E Salińska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Kajta
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
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21
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Nabipoorashrafi SA, Shomali N, Sadat-Hatamnezhad L, Mahami-Oskouei M, Mahmoudi J, Sandoghchian Shotorbani B, Akbari M, Xu H, Sandoghchian Shotorbani S. miR-143 acts as an inhibitor of migration and proliferation as well as an inducer of apoptosis in melanoma cancer cells in vitro. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2034-2044. [PMID: 32687246 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancers begins in the melanocyte. Micro-RNAs are small noncoding RNA with 19 to 25 nucleotides in length involves in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. MicroRNAs are affected by an aberrant epigenetic alteration in the tumors that may lead to their dysregulation and formation of cancer. Recently, dysregulation of numerous microRNAs has been reported in different types of cancer. The present study focused on the role of miR-143 in carcinogenesis of melanoma cancer. Here, we evaluated the expression level of miR-143 in three melanoma cell lines in comparison with the normal human epidermal melanocyte cell line. Then, miR-143 gene plasmid transfected into the WM115 cell line, for having the lowest expression of miR-143. In addition, the effect of miR-143 transfection on mRNA and protein levels of metastasis-related genes was performed along with MTT assay, wound healing assay, and flow cytometry. The results showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of metastasis-related genes including MMP-9, E-cadherin, Vimentin, and CXCR4 have been reduced following transfection of miR-143. Moreover, the results of the scratch test showed that miR-143 re-expression inhibited cell migration. Also, the role of miR-143 in the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation by flow cytometry and MTT was confirmed. As a result, the present study showed that miR-143 was involved in metastatic and apoptotic pathways, suggesting that miR-143 acts as a tumor-suppressor microRNA in melanoma cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University of Medical Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Siamak Sandoghchian Shotorbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University of Medical Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
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22
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Liu Q, Han Y, Zang Y, Zhang H, Du X, Qin T, Wu Y. Honokiol Suppressed Pancreatic Cancer Progression via miR-101/Mcl-1 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5243-5254. [PMID: 32669873 PMCID: PMC7335890 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s237323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies. The present study aimed to examine the anti-tumor effects of honokiol in pancreatic cancer and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Materials and Methods In vitro functional assays determined pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. Xenograft nude mice model determined the in vivo anti-cancer effects of honokiol. Luciferase reporter assay determined the interaction between miR101 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1). Results Honokiol concentration-dependently suppressed pancreatic cancer cell viability. In addition, honokiol increased the caspase-3 activity and cell apoptotic rates, induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, and inhibited cell invasion in pancreatic cancer. Interestingly, honokiol treatment induced up-regulation of miR-101 in pancreatic cancer cells. Knockdown of miR-101 attenuated the honokiol-induced cell apoptosis and inhibition in cell invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. On the other hand, miR-101 overexpression induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell viability and invasion in pancreatic cancer. Further mechanistic study verified that Mcl-1 was negatively regulated by miR-101, and Mcl-1 overexpression counteracted the tumor-suppressive effects of honokiol on the pancreatic cancer cells. In vivo studies showed that honokiol dose-dependently suppressed tumor growth of pancreatic cancer in the nude mice and up-regulated miR-101 expression but down-regulated Mcl-1 expression in tumor tissues. Conclusion Our data showed that honokiol suppressed pancreatic cancer progression via miR-101-Mcl-1 axis. Honokiol could be a promising candidate for cancer prevention and/or therapeutic treatment for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishuo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Henan Integrated Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Production, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Henan Integrated Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Production, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinrong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Henan Integrated Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Production, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongguang Han
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Henan Integrated Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Production, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuncai Zang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Henan Integrated Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Production, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huichao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Henan Integrated Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Production, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzhao Du
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Henan Integrated Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Production, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Rheumatology, Xinmi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinmi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Henan Integrated Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Production, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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23
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Aier I, Semwal R, Sharma A, Varadwaj PK. In silico identification of therapeutic compounds against microRNA targets in drug-resistant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4893-4901. [PMID: 32579088 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1782262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major health issue that has been eluding efforts to identify viable therapeutic treatment options. Besides having the lowest survival rate among all types of cancer, almost all conventional methods of treatment are futile against this condition, leaving patients to succumb to this ailment faster than ever. As it is increasingly becoming difficult to come up with new compounds for the treatment of various diseases, alternative solutions are required for tackling these problems. In this study, publically available miRNA and gene expression data were used to identify common elements that were present in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cell lines. By selecting overexpressed genes involved in pancreatic cancer and cancer pathways in general, potential drug candidates for the treatment of PDAC were identified. In this study, 21 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified from PANC-1 cell line treated with gemcitabine. Pathway analysis revealed that MET and PPARG were overexpressed in cancer-related pathways, including pancreatic cancer, and could be targeted for PDAC treatment. Using CMap, fisetin was identified a likely candidate drug for the treatment of PDAC. Docking studies indicated that fisetin was bound to c-Met and PPARG with an XP G score of -12.819 and -7.021 kcal/mol, respectively. As miRNAs have increasingly been shown to part take in important cancer-related processes and pathways, researching drug development methods based on miRNA targets could be beneficial for pharmaceutical industries. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imlimaong Aier
- Department of Bioinformatics & Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Rahul Semwal
- Department of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Anju Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics & Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Pritish Kumar Varadwaj
- Department of Bioinformatics & Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India
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24
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Xi Q, Chen Y, Yang GZ, Zhang JY, Zhang LJ, Guo XD, Zhao JY, Xue ZY, Li Y, Zhang R. miR-128 Regulates Tumor Cell CD47 Expression and Promotes Anti-tumor Immunity in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:890. [PMID: 32536914 PMCID: PMC7267029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly fatal disease worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could regulate the protein-coding RNAs related to tumor growth, invasion, and immune evasion. Therefore, the investigation of novel miRNAs may be helpful in the development of more effective therapies for PDAC. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of action of miR-128 in PDAC. By using bioinformatics methods, we found that decreased expression of miR-128 was associated with poor overall survival of PDAC. miR-128 was inversely correlated with cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47), which was positively related to zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in PDAC. Through in vivo experiments, we found that miR-128 could suppress the growth and metastasis of PDAC. Analysis of the immune microenvironment demonstrated that overexpression of miR-128 on tumor cells could increase the percentages of dendritic cells (DCs), CD8+ T lymphocytes, and natural killer T cells (NKT) in the tumor and spleen, consequently enhancing anti-tumor immunity. In vitro assays showed that miR-128 could inhibit cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, and invasion in Panc02 cells and could also enhance the phagocytosis of macrophages and the activity of DCs. Western blot and qRT-PCR confirmed that miR-128 could regulate ZEB1 and further inhibit CD47 in pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, we identified a novel regulatory anti-tumor mechanism by miR-128 in PDAC, which may serve as a novel therapy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xi
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Ze Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie-You Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Guo
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yi Xue
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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25
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Kong L, Liu P, Zheng M, Wang Z, Gao Y, Liang K, Wang H, Tan X. The miR-1224-5p/ELF3 Axis Regulates Malignant Behaviors of Pancreatic Cancer via PI3K/AKT/Notch Signaling Pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3449-3466. [PMID: 32368099 PMCID: PMC7185335 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s248507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aberrant expression of microRNAs contributes to the progression of pancreatic cancer by targeting downstream genes. A novel regulatory axis, miR-1224-5p/ELF3, was identified by bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification. Studies of the underlying molecular mechanisms behind this axis lead to a better understanding of the development of pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods The differential expression of miR-1224-5p and ELF3 was verified based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and clinical samples. The relationship between miR-1224-5p and ELF3 was demonstrated by luciferase assay and Western blot. The related signaling pathways of the miR-1224-5p/ELF3 axis in pancreatic cancer were investigated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and verified by Western blot. An analysis between ELF3 expression and immune infiltration was performed. Cellular and animal experiments were utilized to explore the effects of miR-1224-5p and ELF3 in pancreatic cancer. Results Suppressed expression of miR-1224-5p in pancreatic tumor tissues and cancer cells was identified first. Furthermore, miR-1224-5p is correlated with clinicopathological features, and decreased expression of miR-1224-5p indicates poor prognosis. miR-1224-5p serves as a tumor suppressor and inhibits malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer based on in vivo and in vitro assays. The putative target gene ELF3 was predicted by bioinformatic analysis and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of ELF3 can improve the malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer and demonstrates poor prognosis and advanced clinical stage. The inhibitory role of miR-1224-5p in pancreatic cancer is manifested by its direct targeting of ELF3. A negative correlation between ELF3 expression and immune cell infiltration was identified, suggesting an immunosuppressive state resulting from ELF3 overexpression. The PI3K/AKT/Notch signaling pathways and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are important underlying mechanisms. Conclusion The miR-1224-5p/ELF3 axis may serve as a new diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer. The related PI3K/AKT/Notch/EMT signaling pathways greatly promote the elucidation of the progression of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingming Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Zhongpeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaitao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
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26
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Shams R, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Behmanesh A, Sadeghi A, Zali M, Salari S, Padrón JM. MicroRNAs Targeting MYC Expression: Trace of Hope for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. A Systematic Review. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2393-2404. [PMID: 32308478 PMCID: PMC7132265 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s245872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies and a major health problem worldwide. There were no major advances in conventional treatments in inhibiting tumor progression and increasing patient survival time. In order to suppress mechanisms responsible for tumor cell development such as those with oncogenic roles, more advanced therapeutic strategies should be sought. One of the most important oncogenes of pancreatic cancer is the MYC gene. The overexpression of MYC can activate many tumorigenic processes such as cell proliferation and pancreatic cancer cell invasion. MiRNAs are important molecules that are confirmed by targeting mRNA transcripts to regulate the expression of the MYC gene. Therefore, restoring MYC-repressing miRNAs expression tends to be an effective method of treating MYC-driven cancers. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify all validated microRNAs targeting C-MYC expression to inhibit PDAC progression by conducting a systematic review. Methods In this systematic review study, the papers published between 2000 and 2020 in major online scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were screened, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. We extracted all the experimental studies that showed miRNAs could target the expression of the MYC gene in PDAC. Results Eight papers were selected from a total of 89 papers. We found that six miRNAs (Let-7a, miR-145, miR-34a, miR-375, miR-494, and miR-148a) among the selected studies were validated for targeting MYC gene and three of them confirmed Let-7a as a direct MYC expression regulator in PC cells. Finally, we summarized the latest shreds of evidence of experimentally validated miRNAs targeting the MYC gene with respect to PDAC’s therapeutic potential. Conclusion Restoring the expression of MYC-repressing miRNAs tends to be an effective way to treat MYC-driven cancers such as PDAC. Several miRNAs have been proposed to target this oncogene via bioinformatics tools, but only a few have been experimentally validated for pancreatic cancer cells and models. Further studies should be conducted to find the interaction network of miRNA-MYC to develop more successful therapeutic strategies for PC, using the synergistic effects of these miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Shams
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Behmanesh
- Student Research Committee, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadareza Zali
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Salari
- Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de la Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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27
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Shang D, Xie C, Hu J, Tan J, Yuan Y, Liu Z, Yang Z. Pancreatic cancer cell-derived exosomal microRNA-27a promotes angiogenesis of human microvascular endothelial cells in pancreatic cancer via BTG2. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:588-604. [PMID: 31724333 PMCID: PMC6933412 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Existing literature has highlighted the oncogenic role of microRNA-27a (miR-27a) in multiple cancers. Hence, the current study aimed to clarify the potential therapeutic role of PC cell-derived exosomal miR-27a in human microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) angiogenesis in PC. Initially, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRs related to PC were identified by microarray analysis. Microarray analysis provided data predicting the interaction between miR-27a and BTG2 in PC, which was further verified by the elevation or depletion of miR-27a. Next, the expression of miR-27a and BTG2 in the PC tissues was quantified. HMVECs were exposed to exosomes derived from PC cell line PANC-1 to investigate the effects associated with PC cell-derived exosomes carrying miR-27a on HMVEC proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. Finally, the effect of miR-27a on tumorigenesis and microvessel density (MVD) was analysed after xenograft tumour inoculation in nude mice. Our results revealed that miR-27a was highly expressed, while BTG2 was poorly expressed in both PC tissues and cell lines. miR-27a targeted BTG2. Moreover, miR-27a silencing inhibited PC cell proliferation and invasion, and promoted apoptosis through the elevation of BTG2. The in vitro assays revealed that PC cell-derived exosomes carrying miR-27a stimulated HMVEC proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, while this effect was reversed in the HMVECs cultured with medium containing GW4869-treated PANC-1 cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiment revealed that miR-27a knockdown suppressed tumorigenesis and MVD. Taken together, cell-derived exosomes carrying miR-27a promotes HMVEC angiogenesis via BTG2 in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shang
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Pancreatic Surgery CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jinru Tan
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhisu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Pancreatic Surgery CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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28
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Hu QL, Xu ZP, Lan YF, Li B. miR-636 represses cell survival by targeting CDK6/Bcl-2 in cervical cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 36:328-335. [PMID: 31889428 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is widely known as one of the most common types of cancer diagnosed in women, and microRNAs (miRNAs) has been characterized as an important regulator in tumor progression, such as cervical cancer. MiR-636 was found to play a tumor suppressor role in hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis. However, the tumorigenic mechanism of miR-636 on cervical cancer has not yet been found. In the present study, we first found that miR-636 was significantly downregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. in vitro gain- and loss-of-function assays revealed that overexpression of miR-636 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis, while knockdown of miR-636 reversed the effect on cervical tumorigenesis. Furthermore, cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were characterized as targets of miR-636. Notably, overexpression of CDK6 or Bcl-2 could reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-636 on cervical cancer progression. Mechanistically, miR-636 repressed cell survival by targeting CDK6/Bcl-2 in cervical cancer, which may be the underlying mechanism of miR-636-inhibited cervical progression. In conclusion, our findings clarified the biologic significance of miR-636/CDK6/Bcl-2 axis in cervical cancer progression and suggested the potential therapeutic target ability of miR-636 in treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lan Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Qinyuan Women and Children Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zun-Peng Xu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Fei Lan
- Department of Pathology, Qinyuan Women and Children Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of National Demonstration Base for Early Childhood Development, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Chhatriya B, Mukherjee M, Ray S, Sarkar P, Chatterjee S, Nath D, Das K, Goswami S. Comparison of tumour and serum specific microRNA changes dissecting their role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1175. [PMID: 31795960 PMCID: PMC6891989 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered as one of the most aggressive cancers lacking efficient early detection biomarkers. Circulating miRNAs are now being considered to have potency to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in different diseases as well as cancers. In case of cancer, a fraction of the circulating miRNAs is actually derived from the tumour tissue. This fraction would function as stable biomarker for the disease and also would contribute to the understanding of the disease development. There are not many studies exploring this aspect in pancreatic cancer and even there is not much overlap of results between existing studies. Methods In order to address that gap, we performed a miRNA microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed circulating miRNAs between PDAC patients and normal healthy individuals and also found two more similar datasets to perform a meta-analysis using a total of 182 PDAC patients and 170 normal, identifying a set of miRNAs significantly altered in patient serum. Next, we found five datasets studying miRNA expression profile in tumour tissues of PDAC patients as compared to normal pancreas and performed a second meta-analysis using data from a total of 183 pancreatic tumour and 47 normal pancreas to detect significantly deregulated miRNAs in pancreatic carcinoma. Comparison of these two lists and subsequent search for their target genes which were also deregulated in PDAC in inverse direction to miRNAs was done followed by investigation of their role in disease development. Results We identified 21 miRNAs altered in both pancreatic tumour tissue and serum. While deciphering the functions of their target genes, we characterized key miR-Gene interactions perturbing the biological pathways. We identified important cancer related pathways, pancreas specific pathways, AGE-RAGE signaling, prolactin signaling and insulin resistance signaling pathways among the most affected ones. We also reported the possible involvement of crucial transcription factors in the process. Conclusions Our study identified a unique meta-signature of 21 miRNAs capable of explaining pancreatic carcinogenesis and possibly holding the potential to act as biomarker for the disease detection which could be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moumita Mukherjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukanta Ray
- School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Piyali Sarkar
- Present Address: Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Debashis Nath
- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Kshaunish Das
- School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Srikanta Goswami
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
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30
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Daoud AZ, Mulholland EJ, Cole G, McCarthy HO. MicroRNAs in Pancreatic Cancer: biomarkers, prognostic, and therapeutic modulators. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1130. [PMID: 31752758 PMCID: PMC6868851 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract A severe lack of early diagnosis coupled with resistance to most available therapeutic options renders pancreatic cancer as a major clinical concern. The limited efficacy of current treatments necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies that are based on an understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic cancer progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that regulate the expression of multiple proteins in the post-translation process and thus have promise as biomarkers, prognostic agents, and as advanced pancreatic therapies. Profiling of deregulated miRNAs in pancreatic cancer can correlate to diagnosis, indicate optimal treatment and predict response to therapy. Furthermore, understanding the main effector genes in pancreatic cancer along with downstream pathways can identify possible miRNAs as therapeutic candidates. Additionally, obstacles to the translation of miRNAs into the clinic are also considered. Distinct miRNA expression profiles can correlate to stages of malignant pancreatic disease, and hold potential as biomarkers, prognostic markers and clinical targets. However, a limited understanding and validation of the specific role of such miRNAs stunts clinical application. Target prediction using algorithms provides a wide range of possible targets, but these miRNAs still require validation through pre-clinical studies to determine the knock-on genetic effects. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Afra Z Daoud
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Eoghan J Mulholland
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Grace Cole
- Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
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31
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Guan X, Gu S, Yuan M, Zheng X, Wu J. MicroRNA-33a-5p overexpression sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to doxorubicin by inhibiting eIF5A2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5986-5994. [PMID: 31788073 PMCID: PMC6865640 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a significant obstacle when treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Several studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) have essential roles in regulating drug resistance in different types of cancer. miR-33a-5p has previously been reported to be a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer. However, its role in breast cancer remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-33a-5p in the chemoresistance of TNBC and uncover its potential molecular mechanisms. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to examine cell proliferation, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was used to examine miR-33a levels, and western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to examine the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins and of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (eIF5A2). The results indicated that miR-33a-5p expression was lower in TNBC cells compared with non-TNBC cells. miR-33a-5p overexpression significantly improved the doxorubicin (Dox) sensitivity of TNBC cells, but not that of non-TNBC cells. It was then observed that Dox treatment inhibited miR-33a-5p expression and induced EMT in TNBC cells, by increasing the expression levels of vimentin, while decreasing the expression levels of E-cadherin. Furthermore, it was revealed that forced expression of miR-33a-5p attenuated Dox-induced EMT. eIF5A2 was identified as a potential target of miR-33a-5p, and miR-33a-5p overexpression inhibited the expression of eIF5A2. eIF5A2 inhibition, via its inhibitor GC7, sensitized TNBC cells to Dox and reversed Dox-induced EMT. Overall, the present study demonstrated that miR-33a-5p enhanced the sensitivity of TNBC cells to Dox, by suppressing eIF5A2 expression and reversing Dox-induced EMT, providing a potential therapeutic target for treating drug-resistant TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Shucheng Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Mu Yuan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Xiangxin Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
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Rawat M, Kadian K, Gupta Y, Kumar A, Chain PSG, Kovbasnjuk O, Kumar S, Parasher G. MicroRNA in Pancreatic Cancer: From Biology to Therapeutic Potential. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100752. [PMID: 31557962 PMCID: PMC6827136 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, accounting for more than 45,750 deaths annually in the U.S. alone. The aggressive nature and late diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, coupled with the limitations of existing chemotherapy, present the pressing need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Recent reports have demonstrated a critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Furthermore, aberrant expressions of miRNAs have often been associated with the cause and consequence of pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the possible use of miRNAs in the effective management of pancreatic cancer patients. In this review, we provide a brief overview of miRNA biogenesis and its role in fundamental cellular process and miRNA studies in pancreatic cancer patients and animal models. Subsequent sections narrate the role of miRNA in, (i) cell cycle and proliferation; (ii) apoptosis; (iii) invasions and metastasis; and (iv) various cellular signaling pathways. We also describe the role of miRNA's in pancreatic cancer; (i) diagnosis; (ii) prognosis and (iii) therapeutic intervention. Conclusion section describes the gist of review with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Kavita Kadian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263001, India.
| | - Yash Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Anand Kumar
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Patrick S G Chain
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Olga Kovbasnjuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Gulshan Parasher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Lv Y, Huang S. Role of non-coding RNA in pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3963-3973. [PMID: 31579086 PMCID: PMC6757267 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease that develops rapidly and carries a poor prognosis. Currently, surgery is the only radical treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are protein-free RNAs produced by genome transcription; they play important roles in regulating gene expression, participating in epigenetic modification, cell proliferation, differentiation and reproduction. ncRNAs also play key roles in the development of cancer; microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) may lead the way to new treatments for pancreatic cancer. miRNAs are short-chain ncRNAs (19–24 nt) that inhibit the degradation of protein translation or their target gene mRNAs to regulate gene expression. lncRNAs contain >200 nt of ncRNA and play important regulatory roles in a number of malignant tumors, in terms of tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and distant metastasis. lncRNAs can be exploited for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer and have substantial prospects for clinical application. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of their regulation and function, as well as the significance of other ncRNAs, such as piwi-interacting RNA, in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, are largely unknown. In this review, the structures of ncRNAs with various classifications, as well as the functions and important roles of ncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Uz M, Kalaga M, Pothuraju R, Ju J, Junker WM, Batra SK, Mallapragada S, Rachagani S. Dual delivery nanoscale device for miR-345 and gemcitabine co-delivery to treat pancreatic cancer. J Control Release 2019; 294:237-246. [PMID: 30576747 PMCID: PMC6379902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A polymeric dual delivery nanoscale device (DDND) was designed for combined delivery of microRNA (miR-345) and gemcitabine (GEM) to treat pancreatic cancer (PC). This temperature and pH-responsive pentablock copolymer system was able to restore miR-345, making xenograft tumors more susceptible to GEM, the standard therapy for PC. Restoration using DDND treatment results in sonic hedgehog signaling down regulation, which decreases desmoplasia, thereby resulting in improved GEM perfusion to the tumor and better therapeutic outcomes. The release of miR-345 and GEM could be tuned by using the DDND in the form of micelles or in the form of thermoreversible gels, based on polymer concentration. The DDNDs enabled miR-345 stability and sustained co-release of miR-345 and GEM, thereby facilitating dose-sparing use of GEM. Further, enhanced in vitro cellular uptake due to amphiphilic character, and endosomal escape because of the cationic end blocks led to efficient transfection with DDNDs. The combined DDND treatment enabled efficient reduction in cell viability of Capan-1 and CD18/HPAF cells in vitro compared with either GEM or miR-345 treatment alone. Mice carrying xenograft tumors treated with DDNDs carrying both miR-345 and GEM combination therapy displayed reduced tumor growth and less metastasis in distant organs compared to individual drug treatments. Immunohistochemical analysis of the xenograft tissues revealed significant down regulation of desmoplastic reaction, SHH, Gli-1, MUC4, and Ki67 compared to control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Uz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Manisha Kalaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Juhyung Ju
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Wade M Junker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Sanguine Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surya Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Yang K, Wang S, Cheng Y, Tian Y, Hou J. Role of miRNA-21 in the diagnosis and prediction of treatment efficacy of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3475-3481. [PMID: 30867786 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has a poor prognosis and requires early diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the difference between microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) expression in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with PCNSL, and to discuss the importance of miRNA-21 in its diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation. The research subjects were confirmed as patients with PCNSL with histopathological lesions at The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Harbin, China) between December 2011 and 2017. Comparisons were drawn between the PCNSL, glioblastoma and the healthy control groups. CSF and plasma specimens were obtained from patients with PCNSL prior to chemotherapy, and CSF specimens were also obtained following chemotherapy. Plasma specimens were taken from patients with glioblastoma and the healthy control group. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, it was revealed that plasma miRNA-21 expression level had a notable diagnostic value in distinguishing PCNSL from glioblastoma, another common neurological tumor. Moreover, miRNA-21 expression levels in the plasma correlated positively with those in the CSF. Therefore, miRNA-21 in the plasma may be used as a novel diagnostic biomarker to distinguish patients with PCNSL from those with glioblastoma, whereas miRNA-21 in the CSF may have potential as a predictor of chemotherapeutic effect in PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shuye Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yafeng Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yaoyao Tian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jinxiao Hou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Liu XX, Luo XF, Luo KX, Liu YL, Pan T, Li ZZ, Duns GJ, He FL, Qin ZD. Small RNA sequencing reveals dynamic microRNA expression of important nutrient metabolism during development of Camellia oleifera fruit. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:416-429. [PMID: 30745831 PMCID: PMC6367553 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain insight into the function of miRNAs in the synthesis and storage of important nutrients during the development of Camellia oleifera fruit, Illumina sequencing of flower and fruit small-RNA was conducted. The results revealed that 797 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between flower and fruit samples of Camellia oleifera. Through integrated GO and KEGG function annotations, it was determined that the miRNA target genes were mainly involved in metabolic pathways, plant hormone signal transduction, fruit development, mitosis and regulation of biosynthetic processes. Carbohydrate accumulation genes were differentially regulated by miR156, miR390 and miR395 in the fruit growth and development process. MiR477 is the key miRNA functioning in regulation of genes and involved in fatty acid synthesis. Additionally, miR156 also has the function of regulating glycolysis and nutrient transformation genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ginkgo biloba, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425100, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ginkgo biloba, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425100, China
| | - Ke-Xin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ginkgo biloba, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425100, China
| | - Ya-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ginkgo biloba, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425100, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ginkgo biloba, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425100, China
| | - Zhi-Zhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ginkgo biloba, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425100, China
| | - Gregory J Duns
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ginkgo biloba, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425100, China
| | - Fu-Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ginkgo biloba, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425100, China
| | - Zuo-Dong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ginkgo biloba, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425100, China
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37
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MicroRNAs in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018; 43:314-324. [PMID: 30588176 PMCID: PMC6305615 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.80051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a disease with very poor prognosis (only 5-6% of patients are still alive after five years). Attempts to improve the results of treatment of pancreatic cancer focus on a better understanding of the pathogenesis, and non-invasive diagnostic methods (genetic testing from peripheral blood), which would create the possibility of early diagnosis and early surgical treatment before the onset of metastasis. New hopes for the improvement of early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are associated with genetic testing of microRNA expression changes. A large body of evidence has revealed that microRNAs are aberrantly expressed in the serum and in cancer tissues and elicit oncogenic or tumour-suppressive functions. Selected microRNAs can distinguish pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from non-cancerous lesions of the pancreas. This review focuses on the involvement of microRNAs in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Research results related to the development of a novel therapeutic strategy based on the modulation of microRNA expressions for a better outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer are also presented.
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38
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Su Q, Zhu EC, Qu YL, Wang DY, Qu WW, Zhang CG, Wu T, Gao ZH. Serum level of co-expressed hub miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:3991-3999. [PMID: 30410604 PMCID: PMC6218787 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sensitive and specific non-invasive biomarkers are urgently needed in order to improve the survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. We aim to identify serum hub miRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PDAC. Methods: A total of 2578 serum miRNA expression data from 88 PDAC patients and 19 healthy subjects were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was constructed and significant modules were extracted from the network by WGCNA R package. Network modules and hub miRNAs closely related to PDAC were identified. The prognostic value of hub miRNAs was assessed by Kaplan-Meier overall survival analysis. Results: Two modules strongly associated with PDAC were identified by WGCNA, which were labeled as turquoise and brown respectively. Within each module, twenty hub miRNAs were found. At the functional level, turquoise module was mainly associated with tumorigenesis pathways such as P53 and WNT signaling pathway, while the brown module was mostly related to the pathways of cancer such as RNA transport and MAPK signaling pathway. Utilizing overall survival analyses, five “real” miRNAs were able to stratify PDAC patients into low-risk and high-risk groups. Conclusions: The association of specific Hub miRNAs with the development of pancreatic cancer was established by WGCNA analysis. Five miRNAs (mir-16-2-3p, mir-890, mir-3201, mir-602, and mir-877) were identified as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Emily C Zhu
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G5, Canada
| | - Yao-Long Qu
- Schulich School of Music, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1E3, Canada
| | - Di-Ya Wang
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Wei-Wei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chen-Guang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University, 210023, China
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
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Llop E, Guerrero PE, Duran A, Barrabés S, Massaguer A, Ferri MJ, Albiol-Quer M, de Llorens R, Peracaula R. Glycoprotein biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2537-2554. [PMID: 29962812 PMCID: PMC6021768 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i24.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaC) shows a clear tendency to increase in the next years and therefore represents an important health and social challenge. Currently, there is an important need to find biomarkers for PaC early detection because the existing ones are not useful for that purpose. Recent studies have indicated that there is a large window of time for PaC early detection, which opens the possibility to find early biomarkers that could greatly improve the dismal prognosis of this tumor. The present manuscript reviews the state of the art of the existing PaC biomarkers. It focuses on the anomalous glycosylation process and its role in PaC. Glycan structures of glycoconjugates such as glycoproteins are modified in tumors and these modifications can be detected in biological fluids of the cancer patients. Several studies have found serum glycoproteins with altered glycan chains in PaC patients, but they have not shown enough specificity for PaC. To find more specific cancer glycoproteins we propose to analyze the glycan moieties of a battery of glycoproteins that have been reported to increase in PaC tissues and that can also be found in serum. The combination of these new candidate glycoproteins with their aberrant glycosylation together with the existing biomarkers could result in a panel, which would expect to give better results as a new tool for early diagnosis of PaC and to monitor the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Llop
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Pedro E Guerrero
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Adrià Duran
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Sílvia Barrabés
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - María José Ferri
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
- Clinic Laboratory, University Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Maite Albiol-Quer
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-biliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Rafael de Llorens
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
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40
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An innovative paradigm of methods in microRNAs detection: highlighting DNAzymes, the illuminators. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 107:123-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Lin L, Fan Y, Gao F, Jin L, Li D, Sun W, Li F, Qin P, Shi Q, Shi X, Du L. UTMD-Promoted Co-Delivery of Gemcitabine and miR-21 Inhibitor by Dendrimer-Entrapped Gold Nanoparticles for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Theranostics 2018; 8:1923-1939. [PMID: 29556365 PMCID: PMC5858509 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) suffers the problems of low drug permeability and inherent or acquired drug resistance. Development of new strategies for enhanced therapy still remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a new ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD)-promoted delivery system based on dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au DENPs) for co-delivery of gemcitabine (Gem) and miR-21 inhibitor (miR-21i). Methods: In this study, Gem-Au DENPs/miR-21i was designed and synthesized. The designed polyplexes were characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Gel retardation assay and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Then, the optimum exposure parameters were examined by an ultrasound exposure platform. The cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and anticancer effects in vitro were analyzed by confocal laser microscopy, spectra microplate reader, flow cytometry and a chemiluminescence imaging system. Lastly, the anticancer effects in vivo were evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, TUNEL staining and comparison of tumor volume. Results: The results showed that the Gem-Au DENPs/miR-21i can be uptake by cancer cells and the cellular uptake was further facilitated by UTMD with an ultrasound power of 0.4 W/cm2 to enhance the cell permeability. Further, the co-delivery of Gem and miR-21i with or without UTMD treatment displayed 82-fold and 13-fold lower IC50 values than the free Gem, respectively. The UTMD-promoted co-delivery of Gem and miR-21i was further validated by in vivo treatment and showed a significant tumor volume reduction and an increase in blood perfusion of xenografted pancreatic tumors. Conclusion: The co-delivery of Gem and miR-21i using Au DENPs can be significantly promoted by UTMD technology, hence providing a promising strategy for effective pancreatic cancer treatments.
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Chu C, Liu X, Bai X, Zhao T, Wang M, Xu R, Li M, Hu Y, Li W, Yang L, Qin Y, Yang M, Yan C, Zhang Y. MiR-519d suppresses breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis via targeting MMP3. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:228-236. [PMID: 29483840 PMCID: PMC5821043 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of death in women throughout the world. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as novel regulators in carcinogenesis, there are still abundant hidden treasure needed to be excavated. In the present study, we found that miR-519d expression was remarkably decreased in both human BC tissues and MCF-7 cells. CCK8 and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Wound-healing and transwell assays were performed for detection of cell migration and invasion. The results demonstrated miR-519d overexpression dramatically suppressed MCF-7 cells proliferation, migration and invasion. While downregulation of miR-519d by miR-519d inhibitor substantially increased MCF-7 cell carcinogenesis. Further analysis identified Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) as a direct target of miR-519d. QRT-PCR and western blot results indicated the correlative expression of miR-519d and MMP3 in BC tissues and MCF-7 cells. In summary, our data uncovered the novel molecular interaction between miR-519d and MMP3, indicating a therapeutic strategy of miR-519d for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengling Chu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ranchen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mingqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lida Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Youyou Qin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chaoqi Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin 150086, China
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43
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Targeting miRNA for Therapy of Juvenile and Adult Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1056:47-59. [PMID: 29754174 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74470-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), a multifactorial disease often diagnosed with high blood glucose levels, is rapidly increasing in the world. Association of DM with multi-organ dysfunction including cardiomyopathy makes it a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There are two major types of DM: type 1 DM (T1D) and type 2 DM (T2D). T1D is diagnosed by reduced levels of insulin and high levels of glucose in the blood. It is caused due to pancreatic beta cell destruction/loss, and mostly found in juveniles (juvenile DM). T2D is diagnosed by increased levels of insulin and glucose in the blood. It is caused due to insulin receptor dysfunction, and mostly found in the adults (adult DM). Both T1D and T2D impair cardiac muscle function, which is referred to as diabetic cardiomyopathy. We and others have reported that miRNAs, a novel class of tiny non-coding regulatory RNAs, are differentially expressed in the diabetic heart and they contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here, we elaborated the biogenesis of miRNA, how miRNA regulates a gene, cardioprotective roles of different miRNAs including miRNAs present in exosomes, underlying molecular mechanisms by which miRNA ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy, and the role of miRNA as a potential therapeutic target for juvenile and adult diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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44
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Bałan BJ, Zygmanowska E, Radomska-Leśniewska DM. Disorders noticed during development of pancreatic cancer: potential opportunities for early and effective diagnostics and therapy. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 42:377-382. [PMID: 29472816 PMCID: PMC5820973 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2017.68698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, with a total five-year survival rate below 5%, represents a disease with a high level of malignancy. Some of the pancreatic cancer bad prognosis factors are nutrition disorders. Malnutrition, neither recognized nor properly referred to by the healthcare system, leads to well-documented negative health consequences in hospitalized patients including their impaired immunity, delayed post-surgery wound healing, a high risk of infectious complications, morbidity and mortality. There are numerous factors contributing to the development of pancreatic cancer, including telomerases, inflammation, angiogenesis, epigenetics and genetics factors, miRNA, pancreatic cancer stem cells. On the basis of molecular analyses, it has been established that precursor injuries may trigger pancreatic cancer when added to genetic alterations. Perhaps, combination of few presently used methods, like signal transduction modulated by K-ras, STAT3 activation, HMGB1 releasing, presence of oxidative stress and free radicals secretion, genes for proangiogenic growth factors activation or tissue-specific miRNA genes expression - will solve the problem of inadequate diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Joanna Bałan
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Zygmanowska
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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45
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Zhan T, Huang X, Tian X, Chen X, Ding Y, Luo H, Zhang Y. Downregulation of MicroRNA-455-3p Links to Proliferation and Drug Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells via Targeting TAZ. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:215-226. [PMID: 29499934 PMCID: PMC5862130 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in pancreatic cancer. The limited evidence indicates the involvement of miR-455-3p in chemotherapy resistance of cancer. Here we observed by qPCR that miR-455-3p was significantly decreased in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. We then confirmed that the inhibition of miR-455-3p increased cell proliferation and gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer, whereas forced overexpression of miR-455-3p had the opposite effect. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TAZ, which is associated with drug resistance of pancreatic cancer, is a new direct downstream target of miR-455-3p. Our present study suggests that miR-455-3p contributes to cell proliferation and drug resistance in pancreatic cancer cells via targeting TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xia Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China.
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46
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Mandal R, Hardin H, Baus R, Rehrauer W, Lloyd RV. Analysis of miR-96 and miR-133a Expression in Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Endocr Pathol 2017; 28:345-350. [PMID: 29032398 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-017-9504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Grading of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs) relies mainly on mitotic activity and Ki-67 proliferation index. It is often difficult to predict metastatic potential of these neoplasms. Recent studies have shown that GI-NENs express a wide spectrum of microRNAs. We examined two microRNAs (miR-96 and miR-133a) that were recently identified in GI-NENs to determine if they could assist in evaluating the biological behavior of these neoplasms. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed with 51 primary GI-NENs, mainly from the small intestine and metastatic tumors from the same cases, including liver metastases (N = 20) and lymph node metastases (N = 33). The cases were immunohistochemically stained for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and Ki-67. In situ hybridization (ISH) was done with probes from Exiqon (Woburn, MA). Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was also performed on all the cases (N = 105). ISH analysis showed that miR-96 expression was significantly higher in the liver metastatic neoplasms compared to the primary NENs (p < 0.05); however, it was not significant for miR-133a expression levels. qRT-PCR showed that miR-96 levels were increased during progression from the primary tumors to metastases in the liver. qRT-PCR showed a decrease in miR-133a in the liver metastases compared to the primary tumors (p < 0.05). Appendiceal carcinoids without metastases (n = 3) had low levels of miR-96 and high levels of miR-133a by qPCR. The study suggests that analysis of these two microRNAs by qRT-PCR may be useful in detecting more aggressive GI-NENs and that ISH analysis may also assist in the evaluation of patients with GI-NENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Mandal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Heather Hardin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Rebecca Baus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - William Rehrauer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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47
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Davis JA, Saunders SJ, Mann M, Backofen R. Combinatorial ensemble miRNA target prediction of co-regulation networks with non-prediction data. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:8745-8757. [PMID: 28911111 PMCID: PMC5587804 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of cell-fate decisions in development and disease with a vast array of target interactions that can be investigated using computational approaches. For this study, we developed metaMIR, a combinatorial approach to identify miRNAs that co-regulate identified subsets of genes from a user-supplied list. We based metaMIR predictions on an improved dataset of human miRNA–target interactions, compiled using a machine-learning-based meta-analysis of established algorithms. Simultaneously, the inverse dataset of negative interactions not likely to occur was extracted to increase classifier performance, as measured using an expansive set of experimentally validated interactions from a variety of sources. In a second differential mode, candidate miRNAs are predicted by indicating genes to be targeted and others to be avoided to potentially increase specificity of results. As an example, we investigate the neural crest, a transient structure in vertebrate development where miRNAs play a pivotal role. Patterns of metaMIR-predicted miRNA regulation alone partially recapitulated functional relationships among genes, and separate differential analysis revealed miRNA candidates that would downregulate components implicated in cancer progression while not targeting tumour suppressors. Such an approach could aid in therapeutic application of miRNAs to reduce unintended effects. The utility is available at http://rna.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/metaMIR/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Davis
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sita J Saunders
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Mann
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Backofen
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,ZBSA Centre for Biological Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Habsburgerstr. 49, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Cluster of Excellence, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Gr⊘nnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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48
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Borowa-Mazgaj B, Mróz A, Augustin E, Paluszkiewicz E, Mazerska Z. The overexpression of CPR and P450 3A4 in pancreatic cancer cells changes the metabolic profile and increases the cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic activity of acridine antitumor agent, C-1748. Biochem Pharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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Zare M, Bastami M, Solali S, Alivand MR. Aberrant miRNA promoter methylation and EMT‐involving miRNAs in breast cancer metastasis: Diagnosis and therapeutic implications. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3729-3744. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zare
- Department of BiologyPayame Noor UniversityTehranIran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Saeed Solali
- Department of HematologyFaculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Medical GeneticsFaculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Stem Cell Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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50
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Yang HL, Gao YM, Zhao JA. miR-140-5p inhibits human glioma cell growth and invasion by targeting JAG1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3634-3640. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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