LncRNA SLCO4A1-AS1 predicts poor prognosis and promotes proliferation and metastasis via the EGFR/MAPK pathway in colorectal cancer

Connecting the dots: LncRNAs in the KRAS pathway and cancer

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as important participants in several biological functions, particularly their complex interactions with the KRAS pathway, which provide insights into the significant roles lncRNAs play in cancer development. The KRAS pathway, a central signaling cascade crucial for cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, stands out as a key therapeutic target due to its aberrant activation in many human cancers. Recent investigations have unveiled a myriad of lncRNAs, such as H19, ANRIL, and MEG3, intricately modulating the KRAS pathway, influencing both its activation and repression through various mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional control. These lncRNAs function as fine-tuners, delicately orchestrating the balance required for normal cellular function. Their dysregulation has been linked to the development and progression of multiple malignancies, including lung, pancreatic, and colorectal carcinomas, which frequently harbor KRAS mutations. This scrutiny delves into the functional diversity of specific lncRNAs within the KRAS pathway, elucidating their molecular mechanisms and downstream effects on cancer phenotypes. Additionally, it underscores the diagnostic and prognostic potential of these lncRNAs as indicators for cancer detection and assessment. The complex regulatory network that lncRNAs construct within the context of the KRAS pathway offers important insights for the creation of focused therapeutic approaches, opening new possibilities for precision medicine in oncology. However, challenges such as the dual roles of lncRNAs in different cancer types and the difficulty in therapeutically targeting these molecules highlight the ongoing debates and need for further research. As ongoing studies unveil the complexities of lncRNA-mediated KRAS pathway modulation, the potential for innovative cancer interventions becomes increasingly promising.

LncRNAs: Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets in rectal cancer

According to findings, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an important function in the onset and growth of various cancers, including rectal cancer (RC). RC offers unique issues in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and results, needing a full understanding of the cellular mechanisms that cause it to develop. This thorough study digs into the various functions that lncRNAs perform in RC, giving views into their multiple roles as well as possible therapeutic consequences. The function of lncRNAs in RC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migratory and infiltrating capacities, epithelial-mesenchymal shift, and therapy tolerance are discussed. Various lncRNA regulatory roles are investigated in depth, yielding information on their effect on essential cell functions such as angiogenesis, death, immunity, and growth. Systemic lncRNAs are currently acknowledged as potential indications for the initial stages of identification of cancer, with the ability to diagnose as well as forecast. Besides adding to their diagnostic utility, lncRNAs offer therapeutic opportunities as actors, contributing to the expanding landscape of cancer research. Moreover, the investigation looks into the assessment and predictive utility of lncRNAs as RC markers. The article also offers insight into lncRNAs as chemoresistance and drug resistance facilitators in the setting of RC.

The potential relevance of long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and treatment: A review focus on signaling pathways

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancers in incidence and mortality. Despite advances in cancer biology, molecular genetics, and targeted treatments, CRC prognosis and survival have not kept pace. This is usually due to advanced staging and metastases at diagnosis. Thus, great importance has been placed upon understanding the molecular pathophysiology behind the development of CRC, which has highlighted the significance of non-coding RNA's role and associated intracellular signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease. According to recent studies, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), a subtype of ncRNAs whose length exceeds 200 nucleotides, have been found to have regulatory functions on multiple levels. Their actions at the transcription, post-transcriptional, translational levels, and epigenetic regulation have made them prime modulators of gene expression. Due to their role in cellular cancer hallmarks, their dysregulation has been linked to several illnesses, including cancer. Furthermore, their clinical relevance has expanded due to their possible detection in blood which has cemented them as potential future biomarkers and thus, potential targets for new therapy. This review will highlight the importance of lncRNAs and related signaling pathways in the development of CRC and their subsequent clinical applications.

Interaction of lncRNAs with mTOR in colorectal cancer: a systematic review

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most widespread cancer and the fourth leading lethal disease among different societies. It is thought that CRC accounts for about 10% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases with high-rate mortality. lncRNAs, belonging to non-coding RNAs, are involved in varied cell bioactivities. Emerging data have confirmed a significant alteration in lncRNA transcription under anaplastic conditions. This systematic review aimed to assess the possible influence of abnormal mTOR-associated lncRNAs in the tumorigenesis of colorectal tissue. In this study, the PRISMA guideline was utilized based on the systematic investigation of published articles from seven databases. Of the 200 entries, 24 articles met inclusion criteria and were used for subsequent analyses. Of note, 23 lncRNAs were prioritized in association with the mTOR signaling pathway with up-regulation (79.16%) and down-regulation (20.84%) trends. Based on the obtained data, mTOR can be stimulated or inhibited during CRC by the alteration of several lncRNAs. Determining the dynamic activity of mTOR and relevant signaling pathways via lncRNAs can help us progress novel molecular therapeutics and medications.

RAS: Circuitry and therapeutic targeting

Cancer has affected the lives of millions worldwide and is truly regarded as a devastating disease process. Despite advanced understanding of the genomic underpinning of cancer development and progression, therapeutic challenges are still persistent. Among all the human cancers, around 33% are attributed to mutations in RAS oncogene, a crucial component of the signaling pathways. With time, our understanding of RAS circuitry has improved and now the fact that it activates several downstream effectors, depending on the type and grades of cancer has been established. The circuitry is controlled via post-transcriptional mechanisms and frequent distortions in these mechanisms lead to important metabolic as well as immunological states that favor cancer cells' growth, survival, plasticity and metastasis. Therefore, understanding RAS circuitry can help researchers/clinicians to develop novel and potent therapeutics that, in turn, can save the lives of patients suffering from RAS-mutant cancers. There are many challenges presented by resistance and the potential strategies with a particular focus on novel combinations for overcoming these, that could move beyond transitory responses in the direction of treatment. Here in this review, we will look at how understanding the circuitry of RAS can be put to use in making strategies for developing therapeutics against RAS- driven malignancies.

Long Non-Coding RNA and microRNA Interplay in Colorectal Cancer and Their Effect on the Tumor Microenvironment

As the current staging and grading systems are not sufficient to stratify patients for therapy and predict the outcome of the disease, there is an urgent need to understand cancer in its complexity. The mutual relationship between tumour and immune or stromal cells leads to rapid evolution and subsequent genetic and epigenetic changes. Immunoscore has been introduced as a diagnostic tool for colorectal cancer (CRC) only recently, emphasising the role of the specific tumor microenvironment in patient's prognosis and overall outcome. Despite the fact that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), cannot be translated into proteins, they significantly affect cell's transcriptome and translatome. miRNA binding to mRNA efficiently blocks its translation and leads to mRNA destruction. On the other hand, miRNAs can be bound by lncRNAs or circular RNAs (circRNAs), which prevents them from interfering with translation. In this way, ncRNAs create a multi-step network that regulates the cell's translatome. ncRNAs are also shed by the cell as exogenous RNAs and they are also found in exosomes, suggesting their role in intercellular communication. Hence, these mechanisms affect the tumor microenvironment as much as protein signal molecules. In this review, we provide an insight into the current knowledge of the microenvironment, lncRNAs', and miRNAs' interplay. Understanding mechanisms that underlie the evolution of a tissue as complex as a tumour is crucial for the future success in therapy.

Targeting lncRNA/Wnt axis by flavonoids: A promising therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer

Despite the dramatic advances in our understanding of the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) in recent decades, effective therapeutic strategies are still urgently needed. Oncogenic mutations in the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway are hallmarks of CRC. Moreover, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as molecular managers are involved in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of CRC. Therefore, it is important to further explore the interaction between lncRNAs and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway for targeted therapy of CRC. Natural phytochemicals have not toxicity and can target carcinogenesis-related pathways. Growing evidences suggest that flavonoids are inversely associated with CRC risk. These bioactive compounds could target carcinogenesis pathways of CRC and reduced the side effects of anti-cancer drugs. The review systematically summarized the progress of flavonoids targeting lncRNA/Wnt axis in the investigations of CRC, which will provide a promising therapeutic approach for CRC and develop nutrition-oriented preventive strategies for CRC based on epigenetic mechanisms. In the field, more epidemiological and clinical trials are required in the future to verify feasibility of targeting lncRNA/Wnt axis by flavonoids in the therapy and prevention of CRC.

Comprehensive landscape and future perspectives of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC): Based on a bibliometric analysis

This review aimed to use bibliometric analysis to sort out, analyze and summarize the knowledge foundation and hot topics in the field of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC), and point out future trends to inspire related research and innovation. We used CiteSpace to analyze publication outputs, countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords. Knowledge foundations, hotspots, and future trends were then depicted. The overall research showed the trend of biomedical-oriented multidisciplinary. Much evidence indicates that lncRNA plays the role of oncogene or tumor suppressor in the occurrence and development of CRC. Besides, many lncRNAs have multiple mechanisms. lncRNAs and metastasis of CRC, lncRNAs and drug resistance of CRC, and the clinical application of lncRNAs in CRC are current research hotspots. Through insight into the development trend of lncRNAs in CRC, this study will help researchers extract hidden valuable information for further research.

Promotion or remission: a role of noncoding RNAs in colorectal cancer resistance to anti-EGFR therapy

Anti-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are of great significance for RAS and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. However, the generation of primary and secondary resistance to anti-EGFR mAbs has become an important factor restricting its efficacy. Recent studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are implicated in anti-EGFR antibodies resistance, affecting the sensitivity of CRC cells to Cetuximab and Panitumumab. This paper briefly reviewed the research advance of the expression, signaling network and functional mechanism of ncRNAs related to anti-EGFR mAbs resistance in CRC, as well as their relationship with clinical prognosis and the possibility of therapeutic targets. In addition, some ncRNAs that are involved in the regulation of signaling pathways or genes related to anti-EGFR resistance, but need to be further verified by resistance experiments were also included in this review, thereby providing more ideas and basis for ncRNAs as CRC prognostic markers and anti-EGFR therapy sensitizers. Video Abstract.

Machine learning-based identification of tumor-infiltrating immune cell-associated lncRNAs for improving outcomes and immunotherapy responses in patients with low-grade glioma

Rationale: Accumulating evidence demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the regulation of the immune system and displayed a cell-type-specific pattern in immune cell subsets. Given the vital role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in effective immunotherapy, we explored the tumor-infiltrating immune cell-associated lncRNA (TIIClncRNA) in low-grade glioma (LGG), which has never been uncovered yet.

Methods: This study utilized a novel computational framework and 10 machine learning algorithms (101 combinations) to screen out TIIClncRNAs by integratively analyzing the sequencing data of purified immune cells, LGG cell lines, and bulk LGG tissues.

Results: The established TIIClnc signature based on the 16 most potent TIIClncRNAs could predict outcomes in public datasets and the Xiangya in-house dataset with decent efficiency and showed better performance when compared with 95 published signatures. The TIIClnc signature was strongly correlated to immune characteristics, including microsatellite instability, tumor mutation burden, and interferon γ, and exhibited a more active immunologic process. Furthermore, the TIIClnc signature predicted superior immunotherapy response in multiple datasets across cancer types. Notably, the positive correlation between the TIIClnc signature and CD8, PD-1, and PD-L1 was verified in the Xiangya in-house dataset.

Conclusions: The TIIClnc signature enabled a more precise selection of the LGG population who were potential beneficiaries of immunotherapy.

The Long Noncoding Transcript HNSCAT1 Activates KRT80 and Triggers Therapeutic Efficacy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) is the most prevalent malignancy of the head and neck regions. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are vital in tumorigenesis regulation. However, the role of lncRNAs in HNSC requires further exploration. Herein, through bioinformatic assays using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) assays, and RNA-FISH, we revealed that a novel cytoplasmic transcript, HNSC-associated transcript 1 (HNSCAT1, previously recognized as linc01269), was downregulated in tumor samples and advanced tumor stages and was also associated with favorable outcomes in HNSC. Overexpression of HNSCAT1 triggered treatment efficacy in HNSCs both in vivo and in vitro. More importantly, through high-throughput transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq, in NODE database, OEZ007550), we identified KRT80, a tumor suppressor in HNSC, as the target of HNSCAT1. KRT80 expression was modulated by lncRNA HNSCAT1 and presented a positive correlation in tumor samples (R = 0.52, p < 0.001). Intriguingly, we identified that miR-1245 simultaneously interacts with KRT80 and HNSCAT1, which bridges the regulatory function between KRT80 and HNSCAT1. Conclusively, our study demonstrated that lncRNA HNSCAT1 functions as a necessary tumor inhibitor in HNSC, which provides a novel mechanism of lncRNA function and provides alternative targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HNSC.

Identification of a Genomic Instability-Related Long Noncoding RNA Prognostic Model in Colorectal Cancer Based on Bioinformatic Analysis

Background. In recent years, a growing body of research has revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in regulating genomic instability. Materials and Methods. We obtained RNA expression profiles, somatic mutation profiles, clinical information, and pathological features of colorectal cancer (CRC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We divided the cohort into two groups based on mutation frequency and identified genomic instability-related lncRNAs (GI-lncRNAs) using R software. We further analyzed the function of identified GI-lncRNAs and established a prognostic model through Cox regression. Using the established prognostic model, we divided the cohort into the high- and low-risk groups and further verified the prognostic differences between the two groups as well as the predictive power of prognosis-related lncRNAs in the genomic instability of CRC. Results. We identified a total of 143 GI-lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between the higher mutation frequency group and the lower mutation frequency group. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology analyses, a series of cancer-associated terms were enriched. We further constructed a prognostic model that included five GI-lncRNAs (lncRNA PTPRD-AS1, lncRNA AC009237.14, lncRNA LINC00543, lncRNA AP003555.1, and lncRNA AL109615.3). We confirmed that the expression of the five GI-lncRNAs was associated with prognosis and the mutation of critical genes in the CRC patient cohort. Conclusions. The present research further confirmed the vital function of GI-lncRNAs in the genomic instability of CRC. The five GI-lncRNAs identified in our study are potential biomarkers and need to be studied in more depth.

Integrated Analysis of Genes Associated With Immune Microenvironment and Distant Metastasis in Uveal Melanoma

Inflammatory infiltration plays an essential role in the progression of tumor malignancy. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with inflammatory microenvironment and clinical traits for survival prediction of uveal melanoma (UVM) patients. The datasets and clinical characteristics of UVM were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. We divided the UVM patients into low and high immune cell infiltration groups, identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), constructed weighted gene co-expression network, and established prognostic prediction model and nomogram for UVM. Our analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in cytokine signaling in immune system, positive regulation of immune response and adaptive immune system. A total of fifteen candidate genes were extracted from DEGs and genes that were positively associated with tumor metastasis. Subsequently, five prognostic genes were selected to construct the final prognostic prediction model, including two up-regulated genes LHFPL3 antisense RNA 1 (LHFPL3-AS1) and LYN proto-oncogene (LYN), and three down-regulated genes SLCO4A1 antisense RNA 1 (SLCO4A1-AS1), Zinc-α2-glycoprotein 1 (AZGP1) and Deleted in Liver Cancer-1 (DLC1) in the high risk group. The model showed an Area Under Curve (AUC) value of 0.877. Our analysis highlighted the importance of immune-related genes in the progression of UVM and also provided potential targets for the immunotherapy of UVM.

Long non-coding RNA AC087388.1 as a novel biomarker in colorectal cancer

Background

Several investigations have reported diverse roles of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in biological processes, tumor development, and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated the lncRNA AC087388.1 tumorigenic role in CRC cells.

Methods

The CRC tissues were collected at the Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran. The human SW-48 and HT-29 CRC cell lines were obtained from the national cell bank of Iran. The cells were cultured according to ATCC (the American Type Culture Collection) recommendations. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to assess the RNA expression. ShRNA transfection was done to downregulate the target gene. MTT and apoptosis assays were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation and viability, respectively. Colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and invasion assay were applied to determine growth, motility, and invasion of the cells, respectively. ENCORI online tool was used as downstream enrichment analysis.

Results

Forty CRC patients were encompassed in this study. The results demonstrated that the lncRNA SLC16A1-AS1, AC087388.1, and ELFN1-AS1 were significantly overexpressed in the CRC tissues in comparison to their normal counterpart margins. All the lncRNAs have shown significant Area Under Curve (AUC) values in the patients. Downregulation of lncRNA AC087388.1 remarkably decreased the cell proliferation and viability of the CRC cells. In addition, the data demonstrated that the downregulation of lncRNA AC087388.1 significantly suppressed cell growth and colony formation capability in the cells. Also, downregulation of lncRNA AC087388.1 attenuated motility and invasion of CRC cells, and significantly decreased the expression of invasion genes. In-silico functional enrichment analysis indicated that the lncRNA AC087388.1 has contributed to crucial signaling pathways in tumorigenesis such as the p53 and Wnt signaling pathways, apoptosis, and cell cycle.

Conclusions

Altogether, we showed that lncRNA AC087388.1 has an oncogenic role in tumorigenesis of CRC, and it can be considered as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CRC.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09282-0.

Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of KRAS

The Kirsten ras oncogene KRAS is a member of the small GTPase superfamily participating in the RAS/MAPK pathway. A single amino acid substitution in KRAS gene has been shown to activate the encoded protein resulting in cell transformation. This oncogene is involved in the malignant transformation in several tissues. Notably, numerous non-coding RNAs have been found to interact with KRAS protein. Such interaction results in a wide array of human disorders, particularly cancers. Orilnc1, KIMAT1, SLCO4A1-AS1, LINC01420, KRAS1P, YWHAE, PART1, MALAT1, PCAT-1, lncRNA-NUTF2P3-001 and TP53TG1 are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) whose interactions with KRAS have been verified in the context of cancer. miR-143, miR-96, miR-134 and miR-126 have also been shown to interact with KRAS in different tissues. Finally, circITGA7, circ_GLG1, circFNTA and circ-MEMO1 are examples of circular RNAs (circRNAs) that interact with KRAS. In this review, we describe the interaction between KRAS and lncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs, particularly in the context of cancer.

Kawasaki disease: lncRNA Slco4a1 regulates the progression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by targeting the miR-335-5p/POU5F1 axis

BACKGROUND

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an autoimmune disease with systemic vasculitis as the main pathological change, and is most common in children under 5. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human diseases has been highlighted. LncRNA Slco4a1 was reported to promote cell growth and act as an oncogenic regulator in cancer. However, the role of lncRNA Slco4a1 in KD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of lncRNA Slco4a1 in KD.

METHODS

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), qRT-PCR, Western blot, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were conducted to explore the function of lncRNA Slco4a1. The interaction between POU5F1 and miR-335-5p was analyzed by the RIP assay and dual luciferase assay.

RESULTS

LncRNA Slco4a1 was significantly upregulated in the serum of KD patients compared with healthy controls. LncRNA Slco4a1 was upregulated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with KD serum. LncRNA Slco4a1 overexpression could promote the expression of inflammatory factors and apoptosis in HUVECs. The number of inflammatory cells and the infiltration area of the coronary artery in KD rats were decreased after lncRNA Slco4a1 silencing. Furthermore, lncRNA Slco4a1 is a sponge of miR-335-5p and negatively regulated the expression of miR-335-5p. POU5F1 was the downstream target of miR-335-5p, and miR-335-5p overexpression could upregulate the expression of POU5F1. Additionally, miR-335-5p overexpression could inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors and apoptosis in HUVECs. We further investigated the effect of lncRNA Slco4a1 on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the results showed that lncRNA Slco4a1 could promote the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

Together, these results indicated that lncRNA Slco4a1 could regulate the progression of HUVECs in KD by targeting the miR-335-5p/POU5F1 axis, providing new insights for KD treatment.

Prognostic Lnc-S100B-2 Affects Cell Apoptosis and Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer through MLLT10 Signaling

Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) is closely associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The chip data and clinical information of GSE104364 and GSE151021 were downloaded by GEOquery. Limma and Kaplan–Meier analysis were performed. Lnc-S100B-2 was obtained, and high expression of Lnc-S100B-2 was predicted to be associated with a lower survival rate. Online software was adopted to predict downstream regulatory genes, and miR-331-3p and Mixed Lineage Leukemia Translocated to 10 (MLLT10) were screened and verified. After silencing Lnc-S100B-2 and MLLT10, the proliferative activity of CRC cells decreased, and the apoptosis rate increased. At the gene and protein levels, the expressions of PCNA, Ki67, and Bcl-2 were decreased in the sh-Lnc-S100B-2 group, sh-MLLT10 group, and sh-Lnc-S100B-2 + sh-MLLT10 group, while the expressions of cleaved caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax were increased. In vivo, the volume and mass of the tumor decreased in the sh-Lnc-S100B-2 + sh-MLLT10 group. Proliferation and apoptosis-related index (PCNA, Ki67, cleaved caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax, and Bcl-2) expression level was also altered. Meanwhile, the infiltration of immune cells (CD3 (-), CD16 (+), and CD11b (+) cells) decreased. The expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) related indicators (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, β-catenin, Snail, and Slug) were changed. E-cadherin and β-catenin were increased in the sh-Lnc-S100B-2 + sh-MLLT10 group, while N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, and slug were decreased. In conclusion, our study found that the expression of Lnc-S100B-2 was dysregulated in CRC. Lnc-S100B-2 could affect cell apoptosis and the microenvironment of CRC through regulating MLLT10.

SLCO4A1-AS1 promotes colorectal tumourigenesis by regulating Cdk2/c-Myc signalling

BACKGROUND

SLCO4A1-AS1 was found to be upregulated in several cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the detailed roles of SLCO4A1-AS1 in CRC remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the functions, mechanism, and clinical significance of SLCO4A1-AS1 in colorectal tumourigenesis.

METHODS

We measured the expression of SLCO4A1-AS1 in CRC tissues using qRT-PCR and determined its correlation with patient prognosis. Promoter methylation analyses were used to assess the methylation status of SLCO4A1-AS1. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were used to evaluate the effects of SLCO4A1-AS1 on CRC growth in vitro and in vivo. RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA-seq, luciferase reporter and immunohistochemistry assays were performed to identify the molecular mechanism of SLCO4A1-AS1 in CRC.

RESULTS

SLCO4A1-AS1 was frequently upregulated in CRC tissues based on multiple CRC cohorts and was associated with poor prognoses. Aberrant overexpression of SLCO4A1-AS1 in CRC is partly attributed to the DNA hypomethylation of its promoter. Ectopic SLCO4A1-AS1 expression promoted CRC cell growth, whereas SLCO4A1-AS1 knockdown repressed CRC proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SLCO4A1-AS1 functions as a molecular scaffold to strengthen the interaction between Hsp90 and Cdk2, promoting the protein stability of Cdk2. The SLCO4A1-AS1-induced increase in Cdk2 levels activates the c-Myc signalling pathway by promoting the phosphorylation of c-Myc at Ser62, resulting in increased tumour growth.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data demonstrate that SLCO4A1-AS1 acts as an oncogene in CRC by regulating the Hsp90/Cdk2/c-Myc axis, supporting SLCO4A1-AS1 as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic factor for CRC.

KRAS-related long noncoding RNAs in human cancers

KRAS is one of the most widely prevalent proto-oncogenes in human cancers. The constitutively active KRAS oncoprotein contributes to both tumor onset and cancer development by promoting cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in a MAPK pathway-dependent manner. The expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the KRAS oncogene are known to be dysregulated in various cancers, while long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can act as regulators of the miRNAs targeting KRAS oncogene in different cancers and have gradually become a focus of research in recent years. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in the research on lncRNAs that have sponging effects on KRAS-targeting miRNAs as crucial mediators of KRAS expression in different cell types and organs. A deeper understanding of lncRNA function in KRAS-driven cancers is of major fundamental importance and will provide a valuable clinical tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, and eventual treatment of cancers.

MALAT1 Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Susceptibility in a Chinese Northeast Han Population

Background: LncRNA MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) was competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) involved in various molecular processes for metastasis development in lung cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MALAT1 gene might be predictive markers for lung cancer. In our study, we selected rs619586 and rs3200401 in MALAT1 gene to explore their effects on lung cancer susceptibility. Methods: The case-control study included 444 lung cancer cases and 460 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by Taqman allelic discrimination method. Logistic regression, Student t-test, and Chi-square test (χ² ) were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings of the study showed that rs3200401 was significantly associated with the risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Compared with homozygous CC genotype, CT heterozygous genotype decreased risk of NSCLC (P^a = 0.034) and LUSC (P^a = 0.025). In addition, no statistical association was detected between rs619586 and lung cancer susceptibility. The interactions between genes and cigarette smoking were discovered via crossover analysis. However, there were no remarkable gene-environment interactions in additive and multiplicative model. Conclusion: Rs3200401 in lncRNA MALAT1 was associated with the susceptibility of non-small-cell lung cancer and lung squamous cell carcinoma. The gene-environmental (cigarette smoking) interactions were not notable.

Long non-coding RNA LINC00997 silencing inhibits the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer by sponging miR-512-3p

We aimed to study the role of LINC00997 in the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). LINC00997 and miR-512-3p expression in the primary colorectal cancer (NCRC) tissues and metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) tissues were detected using RT-qPCR. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to evaluate LINC00997 levels in the NCRC and MCRC tissues, and the correlations of LINC00997 expression with distant metastasis (M), regional lymph node metastasis (N), age and tumor stage were analyzed. Subsequently, RT-qPCR was performed to determine the expression of metastasis-related genes in MCRC tissues and analyze the correlation of LINC00997 or miR-512-3p level with the protein expression of metastasis-related genes. In vitro, LINC00997 expression in several CRC cell lines was examined. After LINC00997 silencing, cell invasion and migration were evaluated with Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The expression of metastasis- and EMT-related proteins was measured. Additionally, the potential interaction between LINC00997 and miR-512-3p was verified using a luciferase reporter assay. Rescue assays were conducted to clarify the regulatory effects of LINC00997 and miR-512-3p on CRC development. Results revealed that LINC00997 was frequently overexpressed in MCRC tissues, which was positively related to the tumor metastasis and stage. Additionally, LINC00997 was significantly elevated in CRC cells and LINC00997 silencing inhibited the invasion, migration and EMT of CRC cells, which was restored by miR-512-3p inhibitor. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that LINC00997 could target miR-512-3p. In conclusion, LINC00997 regulated the metastasis of CRC by targeting miR-512-3p, providing some insights into the regulatory mechanism of CRC.

Metastatic colorectal cancer: Perspectives on long non-coding RNAs and promising therapeutics

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has long been lethal despite the continuous efforts of researchers worldwide to discover and improve therapeutic regimens. Thanks to the emergence of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which has strongly reshaped our inherent perspectives on the pathophysiological patterns of disease, research in the field has been reinvigorated. Here, we focus on current understanding of the modes of action of lncRNAs, and review their regulatory roles in metastatic colorectal cancer, and discuss correlated potential lncRNA-based therapeutics. All of the discussed studies share clear and promising perspectives on future diagnostic and therapeutic remedies for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Ferroptosis-related lncRNA pairs to predict the clinical outcome and molecular characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death initiated by oxidative perturbations that can be blocked by iron chelators and lipophilic antioxidants, and ferroptosis may be the silver bullet treatment for multiple cancers, including immunotherapy- and chemotherapy-insensitive cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Numerous studies have noted that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the biological behaviour of cancer cells by binding to DNA, RNA and protein. However, few studies have reported the role of lncRNAs in ferroptosis processes and the function of ferroptosis-associated lncRNAs. The primary objective of the present study was to identify ferroptosis-related lncRNAs using bioinformatic approaches combined with experimental validation. The second objective was to construct a prognostic model to predict the overall survival of patients with PDAC. The present study identified ferroptosis-related lncRNAs using a bioinformatic approach and validated them in an independent pancreatic cancer cohort from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. The lncRNA SLCO4A1-AS1 was identified as a novel molecule mediating ferroptosis resistance in vitro. A novel algorithm was used to construct a '0 or 1' matrix-based prognosis model, which showed promising diagnostic accuracy for potential clinical translation (area under the curve = 0.89 for the 2-year survival rate). Notably, molecular subtypes classified by the risk scores of the model did not belong to any previously reported subtypes of PDAC. The immune microenvironment, metabolic activities, mutation landscape and ferroptosis sensitivity were significantly distinct between patients with different risk scores. Sensitivity (IC50) to 30 common anticancer drugs was analysed between patients with different risks, and imatinib and axitinib were found to be potential drugs for the treatment of patients with lower risk scores. Overall, we developed an accurate prognostic model based on the expression patterns of ferroptosis lncRNAs, which may contribute greatly to the evaluation of patient prognosis, molecular characteristics and treatment modalities and could be further translated into clinical applications.

LncRNA LBX2-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer progression and 5-fluorouracil resistance

BACKGROUND

Recent reports suggest that the long non-coding RNA LBX2 antisense RNA 1 (LBX2-AS1) acts as an important regulator in cancer progression, but its significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains undetermined.

METHODS

LBX2-AS1 expression levels in CRC were determined from the GEPIA database and CRC tissues to investigate clinical relevance. meRIP-PCR assays investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of m6A in LBX2-AS1. Loss of function experiments was used to define the role of LBX2-AS1 in the progression of CRC. The ceRNA function of LBX2-AS1 was evaluated by RNA immunoprecipitation. In vitro and PDX models were used to determine if LBX2-AS1 promotes 5-fluorouracil resistance.

RESULTS

Data from the TCGA and our institutional patient cohorts established that LBX2-AS1 levels were significantly upregulated in most CRC tissues relative to normal adjacent colon tissues. Moreover, LBX2-AS1 levels were positively correlated with aggressive disease characteristics, constituting an independent prognostic indicator of overall patient survival. Mechanistic investigations suggested that the increased LBX2-AS1 in CRC was mediated by METTL3-dependent m6A methylation. In vitro experiments indicated that knockdown of LBX2-AS1 inhibited CRC proliferation, migration and invasion with this phenotype linked to LBX2-AS1-mediated regulation of AKT1, acting as a ceRNA to sponge miR-422a. Ex vivo analysis of patient-derived CRC xenografts showed that low LBX2-AS1 expression cases exhibited 5-FU responsiveness and clinical investigations confirmed that low LBX2-AS1 expression was associated with improved clinical benefits from 5-FU therapy.

CONCLUSIONS

Together these results suggest that LBX2-AS1 may serve as a therapeutic target and predictor of 5-FU benefit in CRC patients.

Effects of the lncRNA ENST00000623984 on colon cancer and the biological characteristics of colon cancer cells

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the lncRNA ENST00000623984 on colorectal cancer. In this study, the expression levels of ENST000000623984 were first examined in tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue from 40 patients with colorectal cancer and LoVo cells using quantitative real-time PCR. By siRNA transfection, ENST00000623984 expression was knocked down. Using flow cytometry, cell cycle progression and cell viability were examined in basal and knockdown LoVo cells. The CCK-8 assay was used to assess the cell proliferation rate, and the Transwell assay was used to determine the migration and invasion abilities. The ENST000000623984 expression level was increased in colorectal cancer. Knockdown of ENST000000623984 reduced cell viability, proliferation rate, cell migration and invasion. These results suggested that lncRNA ENST000000623984 may be involved in colorectal cancer development.

mTOR-Rictor-EGFR axis in oncogenesis and diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the aggressive brain cancers with patients having less survival period upto 12-15 months. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase, belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway and is involved in various cellular processes of cancer cells. Cancer metabolism is regulated by mTOR and its components. mTOR forms two complexes as mTORC1 and mTORC2. Studies have identified the key component of the mTORC2 complex, Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (Rictor) plays a prominent role in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and metabolism. Apart, growth factor receptor signaling such as epidermal growth factor signaling mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates cancer-related processes. In EGFR signaling various other signaling cascades such as phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR pathway) and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) -dependent signaling cross-talk each other. From various studies about GBM, it is very well established that Rictor and EGFR mediated signaling pathways majorly playing a pivotal role in chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the EGFR and Rictor and sensitize the cells towards chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, understanding of microRNA mediated regulation of EGFR and Rictor will help in cancer prevention and management as well as a future therapy.

Construction of autophagy prognostic signature and analysis of prospective molecular mechanisms in skin cutaneous melanoma patients

BACKGROUND

Autophagy is closely related to skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), but the mechanism involved is unclear. Therefore, exploration of the role of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in SKCM is necessary.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Differential expression autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) were first analysed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the expression of DEARGs and prognosis of SKCM. Further, the expression levels of prognosis-related DEARGs were verified by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of SKCM.

RESULTS

Five ARGs (APOL1, BIRC5, EGFR, TP63, and SPNS1) were positively correlated with the prognosis of SKCM. IHC verified the results of the differential expression of these 5 ARGs in the bioinformatics analysis. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the signature had a good performance at predicting overall survival in SKCM. The signature could classify SKCM patients into high-risk or low-risk groups according to distinct overall survival. The nomogram confirmed that the risk score has a particularly large impact on the prognosis of SKCM. Calibration plot displayed excellent agreement between nomogram predictions and actual observations. Principal component analysis indicated that patients in the high-risk group could be distinguished from those in low-risk group. Results of GSEA indicated that the low-risk group is enriched with aggressiveness-related pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways.

CONCLUSION

Our study identified a 5-gene signature. It revealed the mechanisms of autophagy that lead to the progression of SKCM and established a prognostic nomogram that can predict overall survival of patients with SKCM. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the relationship between ARGs and prognosis of SKCM.

LncRNA signature in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent cancers and is associated with high mortality particularly when being diagnosed in advanced stages. Although several environmental and intrinsic risk factors have been identified, the underlying cause of CRC is not clear in the majority of cases. Several studies especially in the recent decade have pointed to the role of epigenetic factors in this kind of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as important contributors in the epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the initiation, progression and metastasis of CRC. Tens of oncogenic lncRNAs and a lower number of tumor suppressor lncRNAs have been recently identified to be dysregulated in CRC cells and tissues. Notably, expressions of a number of these transcripts have been dysregulated in serum samples of CRC patients, providing a non-invasive route for detection of this kind of cancer. The involvement of lncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy has provided them the ability to modulate response of CRC cells to chemotherapeutic modalities. In the current manuscript, we review the studies which evaluated the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of CRC to appraise their application as diagnostic/ prognostic markers.

The Relationship between Long Noncoding RNA H19 Polymorphism and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Phenotypes on the Clinicopathological Characteristics of Lung Adenocarcinoma

The aim of the current study is to investigate potential associations among Long Noncoding RNA (LncRNA) H19 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phenotypes on the clinicopathological characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Five loci of LncRNA H19 SNPs (rs217727, rs2107425, rs2839698, rs3024270, and rs3741219) were genotyped by using TaqMan allelic discrimination in 223 LADC patients with wild-type EGFR phenotype and 323 LADC individuals with EGFR mutations. After the statistical analyses, patients with the EGFR mutation were related to a higher distribution frequency of rs217727 SNP CT heterozygote (p = 0.030), and the female population with EGFR mutation demonstrated a higher distribution frequency of rs217727 SNP CT heterozygote (p < 0.001) and rs2107425 CT heterozygote (p = 0.002). In addition, the presence of LncRNA H19 SNP rs217727 T allele (CT + TT) in patients with EGFR wild-type was associated to higher tumor T status (stage III or IV, p = 0.037) and poorer cell differentiation status (poor differentiation, p = 0.012) compared to those EGFR wild-type individuals with LncRNA H19 SNP rs217727 CC allele. Besides, a prominently higher tumor T status was found in subjects with LncRNA H19 SNP rs2107425 T allele (CT + TT) (stage III or IV, p = 0.007) compared to EGFR wild-type LADC individuals with LncRNA CC allele in EGFR wild-type patients. Our findings suggest that the presence of LncRNA H19 SNP rs217727 is related to the EGFR mutation in LADC patients, and the LncRNA H19 SNP rs217727 and rs2107425 are associated with progressed tumor status for LADC patients with EGFR wild-type.

YY1-inudced activation of lncRNA DUXAP8 promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis of triple negative breast cancer cells through upregulating SAPCD2

Double homeobox A pseudogene 8 (DUXAP8) belongs to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which has been proven to promote the biological processes of multiple human cancers. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. However, the specific role of lncRNA DUXAP8 and its underlying mechanism in TNBC remains to be unclear. We detected the expression of DUXAP8 in TNBC cells through qRT-PCR analysis. The effects of DUXAP8 silencing on TNBC cell proliferation and apoptosis were identified using CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry analysis and TUNEL assay. The downstream microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) of DUXAP8 were searched out through bioinformatics analysis and mechanism experiments. Rescue assays were conducted to verify the involvement of suppressor APC domain containing 2 (SAPCD2) in DUXAP8-mediated TNBC cell proliferation and apoptosis. DUXAP8 was highly expressed in TNBC cells compared to that in normal breast cells. Knockdown of DUXAP8 inhibited TNBC cell proliferation and accelerated cell apoptosis. DUXAP8 interacted with miR-29a-3p and thus enhanced the expression of SAPCD2. Moreover, YY1 transcription factor could bind to DUXAP8 promoter to activate the transcription of DUXAP8. YY1-induced transcriptional activation of DUXAP8 promotes TNBC cell growth through miR-29a-3p/SAPCD2 axis.

The lncRNA SLCO4A1-AS1/miR-876-3p/RBBP6 axis regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in acute lymphocytic leukemia via the JNK signaling pathway

INTRODUCTION

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignancy caused by the clonal proliferation of immature lymphocytes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as critical regulators in several cancers, including ALL. LncRNA SLCO4A1 antisense RNA 1 (SLCO4A1-AS1) has been revealed to be implicated in tumorigenesis of several cancers. Our study focused on the role of SLCO4A1-AS1 in ALL.

METHODS

RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, CCK-8, EdU, and Flow cytometry analysis were used to explore the biological function of SLCO4A1-AS1 in ALL cellular processes. Luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were applied to explore the mechanism of SLCO4A1-AS1 in ALL cells.

RESULTS

SLCO4A1-AS1 was upregulated in ALL tissues and cell lines. We found that suppression of SLCO4A1-AS1 suppressed ALL cell proliferation and facilitated cell apoptosis. Our result confirmed that SLCO4A1-AS1 acted as a ceRNA by sponging microRNA 876-3p (miR-876-3p) to upregulate retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) expression in ALL cells. Moreover, SLCO4A1-AS1 activated the JNK signaling pathway by upregulating RBBP6. Rescue assays revealed that the activation of the JNK signaling or overexpression of RBBP6 revered the suppressive effect of SLCO4A1-AS1 knockdown on growth of ALL cells.

CONCLUSION

SLCO4A1-AS1 promoted cell growth of ALL by the miR-876-3p/RBBP6 axis to activate the JNK signaling pathway.

The Emerging Landscape of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer Metastasis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers, with extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality. The main cause of death in CRC is distant metastasis; it affects patient prognosis and survival and is one of the key challenges in the treatment of CRC. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides. Abnormal lncRNA expression is closely related to the occurrence and progression of several diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have shown that numerous lncRNAs play pivotal roles in the CRC metastasis, and reversing the expression of these lncRNAs through artificial means can reduce the malignant phenotype of metastatic CRC to some extent. This review summarizes the major mechanisms of lncRNAs in CRC metastasis and proposes lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for CRC and molecular markers for early diagnosis.

LncRNA DNAJC3-AS1 Regulates Fatty Acid Synthase via the EGFR Pathway to Promote the Progression of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis and the development of CRC. By constructing a differential lncRNA expression profile, we screened gene chips and found that DNAJC3-AS1 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and was associated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC. Further, we proved through assays such as wound healing, colony formation, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) that interfering with DNAJC3-AS1 could reduce the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. Mechanically, we found that DNAJC3-AS1 regulates fatty acid synthase to promote the progression of CRC via the epidermal growth factor receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor κB signaling pathway. Therefore, DNAJC3-AS1 may be a new target for the diagnosis and therapy of CRC.

EGFR-rich extracellular vesicles derived from highly metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells accelerate tumour metastasis through PI3K/AKT pathway-suppressed ROS

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cancer with high metastatic potential that occurs in the epithelial cells of the nasopharynx. Distant metastases are the primary cause for treatment failure and mortality of NPC patients. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for the initiation of tumour cell dissemination and tumour metastasis in NPC is not well understood. Here, we demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was highly expressed in tumour tissues of NPC patients with distant metastases and was associated with a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also revealed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) transfer occurred from highly to poorly metastatic NPC cells, mediating cell-cell communication and enhancing the metastatic potential of poorly metastatic NPC cells. Further experiments indicated that EVs derived from highly metastatic NPC cells induced the up-regulation of EGFR and down-regulation of ROS in low metastatic NPC cells. Mechanistically, EGFR-rich EVs-mediated EGFR overexpression down-regulated intracellular ROS levels through the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus promoting the metastatic potential of poorly metastatic NPC cells. Strikingly, treatment with EVs secreted from highly metastatic NPC cells was significantly associated with rapid NPC progression and shorter survival in xenografted mice. These findings not only improve our understanding of EVs-mediated NPC metastatic mechanism but also have important implications for the detection and treatment of NPC patients accompanied by aberrant EGFR-rich EVs transmission.

lncRNA deleted in lymphocytic leukaemia 1 (DLEU1) promotes the migration and invasion of human embryonic trophoblast cells

To investigate the roles of lncRNA deleted in lymphocytic leukaemia 1 (DLEU1) on migration and invasion of human trophoblast cells. Human chorionic trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo was cultured and transfected using lncRNA DLEU1 small interfering RNA. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect lncRNA DLEU1 expression. The activity of migration regulatory protein CDC42 was detected by western blot. The downstream miRNA targets of lncRNA and mRNAs targeted by corresponding miRNAs were respectively predicted using bioinformatics analyses. Compared with the control group, the expression of lncRNA DLEU1 in the small interfering RNA group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in cell proliferation capacity for transfected cells (lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-1, P = 0.537; lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-2, P = 0.384), but cell migration (lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-1, P = 0.025; lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-2, P = 0.019) and invasion (lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-1, P = 0.0327; lncRNA DLEU1 siRNA-2, P = 0.021) was significantly reduced. CDC42 activity in the lncRNA DLEU1 knockdown group decreased and the phosphorylation of cofilin increased. Therefore, downregulation of lncRNA DLEU1 suppressed the migration and invasion of human trophoblast cells.

Aberrant expression of lncRNA MALAT1 modulates radioresistance in colorectal cancer in vitro via miR-101-3p sponging

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of deadly malignancies that affects humans globally. Herein, the effects of MALAT1 on CRC cellular functions were investigated. RT-qPCR measured expression of MALAT1 in human cell lines for colorectal Cancer. Radiation-resistance CRC cells (CRC-IR) were generated by increasing treatments of irradiation. Cell transfection upregulated or silenced genes in CRC-IR cells so as to study the correlation between MALAT1/miR-101-3p expression and cellular resistance to irradiation through evaluation of CCK-8, FCM apoptosis, Transwell migration and invasion and western blot assays for cell viability,apoptosis, migration and invasion and EMT. MALAT1 was upregulated in radio-resistance cell lines compared to normal CRC cells and upregulation promoted cell viability. In addition, decreased MALAT1 inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis and promoted apoptosis of CRC-IR cells. The luciferase assays confirmed that MALAT1 targeted and regulated miR-101-3p expression in radio-resistance cells. MiR-101-3p counteracted the effect exerted by MALAT1 in CRC-IR cells, indicating that MALAT1 added to the radio-resistance in vitro while miR-101-3p mimics could decrease the resistance to irradiation in CRC. In this study we have demonstrated that MALAT1 could regulate the radio-resistance in colorectal cancer via sponging miR-101-3p. Eventually, these outcomes unearthed a novel axis lncRNA MALAT1/miR-101-3p,which might be a prospective treatment to regulate radio-therapy in the near future.