1
|
Liu H, Nguyen HH, Hwang SY, Lee SS. Oxidative Mechanisms and Cardiovascular Abnormalities of Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16805. [PMID: 38069125 PMCID: PMC10706054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with portal hypertension, there are many complications including cardiovascular abnormalities, hepatorenal syndrome, ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy. The underlying mechanisms are not yet completely clarified. It is well known that portal hypertension causes mesenteric congestion which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS has been associated with intestinal mucosal injury, increased intestinal permeability, enhanced gut bacterial overgrowth, and translocation; all these changes result in increased endotoxin and inflammation. Portal hypertension also results in the development of collateral circulation and reduces liver mass resulting in an overall increase in endotoxin/bacteria bypassing detoxication and immune clearance in the liver. Endotoxemia can in turn aggravate oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to a cycle of gut barrier dysfunction → endotoxemia → organ injury. The phenotype of cardiovascular abnormalities includes hyperdynamic circulation and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Oxidative stress is often accompanied by inflammation; thus, blocking oxidative stress can minimize the systemic inflammatory response and alleviate the severity of cardiovascular diseases. The present review aims to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in cirrhosis-associated cardiovascular abnormalities and discusses possible therapeutic effects of antioxidants on cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis including hyperdynamic circulation, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samuel S. Lee
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada (H.H.N.); (S.Y.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Gu H, Li K, Lin J, Zhu Y, Deng W. DPP4 inhibitor reduces portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats by normalizing arterial hypocontractility. Life Sci 2021; 284:119895. [PMID: 34450166 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i), a new antidiabetic agent, is reported to affect the progression of chronic liver diseases. The study aims to investigate the effects of DPP4i on contractile response, splanchnic hemodynamics, and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis was used in this study. Sixteen rats with cirrhosis were treated with DDP4i sitagliptin for 5 consecutive days. Portal and systemic pressures and portal blood flow were measured. Mesenteric arterioles were isolated, and concentration-response curves to norepinephrine (NE) were evaluated. The expression of NADPH oxidase (Nox)1, Nox2, Nox4, and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) were detected. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) levels in mesenteric arteries were also measured. KEY FINDINGS In cirrhotic rats, sitagliptin significantly reduced portal blood flow and portal pressure without effects on systemic pressure and reversed the decreased response of mesenteric arterioles to NE in an endothelium-dependent manner. Sitagliptin suppressed the increased Nox4 expression and ROS production. In vitro studies showed that Nox4 inhibitor enhanced arteriolar response to NE and reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level in cirrhotic rats. Sitagliptin also reduced EET levels and increased sEH expression of mesenteric vessels. Pre-incubation with sEH inhibitor in vitro reversed sitagliptin-induced augmentation of response to NE in cirrhotic rats. SIGNIFICANCE DPP4 inhibition by sitagliptin in vivo has beneficial effects on portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats through normalizing arterial hypocontractility. DDP4 inhibitor may be a novel strategy in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330025, China
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Kaichun Li
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Jiayun Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Wensheng Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 33006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang B, Ji LH, Zhang CG, Zhao G, Wu ZY. Gender differences in vascular reactivity of mesenteric arterioles in portal hypertensive and non-portal hypertensive rats. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5953-5960. [PMID: 31660032 PMCID: PMC6815798 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i39.5953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal hypertension (PHT) is primarily caused by an increase in resistance to portal outflow and secondarily by an increase in splanchnic blood flow. Vascular hyporeactivity both in systemic circulation and in the mesenteric artery plays a role in the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome.
AIM To explore gender differences and the role of endogenous sex hormones in PHT and vascular reactivity of mesenteric arterioles in rats.
METHODS Cirrhosis and PHT were established by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in both male and female integral and castrated rats (ovariectomized [OVX] in female rats, orchiectomy [ORX] in male rats). The third-order branch of the mensenteric artery was divided and used to measure vascular reactivity to vasoconstrictors.
RESULTS No significant difference in portal pressure was observed between integral and castrated male PHT rats (15.2 ± 2.1 mmHg vs 16.7 ± 2.7 mmHg, P > 0.05). The portal pressure in integral female PHT rats was lower than that in OVX female PHT rats (12.7 ± 2.7 mmHg vs 16.5 ± 2.4 mmHg, P < 0.05). In PHT rats, the concentration response curves of the mesenteric arterioles to norepinephrine were shifted to the right, and the maximal responses (Emax) values were decreased and effective concentrations causing half maximum responses (EC50) values were increased, compared to those of non-PHT rats, both in male and female rats. Compared to non-PHT integral male rats, the sensitivity of the mesenteric arterioles of non-PHT ORX male rats to norepinephrine was decreased (P > 0.05). However, there was no difference between integral and ORX male rats with PHT. In integral female PHT rats, the concentration response curves were shifted to the left (P < 0.05), and the Emax values were increased and EC50 values were decreased compared to OVX female PHT rats.
CONCLUSION Clear gender differences were observed in mesenteric vascular reactivity in CCl4-induced cirrhotic and PHT rats. Conservation of estrogen can retain the sensitivity of the mesenteric arterioles to vasoconstrictors and has a protective effect on splanchnic vascular function in PHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lin-Hua Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deng W, Duan M, Qian B, Zhu Y, Lin J, Zheng L, Zhang C, Qi X, Luo M. NADPH oxidase 1/4 inhibition attenuates the portal hypertensive syndrome via modulation of mesenteric angiogenesis and arterial hyporeactivity in rats. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019; 43:255-265. [PMID: 30413372 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays key roles in the development of portal hypertension (PHT) and represents a potential therapeutic method. The objective of this study was to investigate whether pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity could ameliorate PHT in rats. METHOD PHT model was established by partial portal vein ligation (PPVL). Rats were treated with 30 mg/kg GKT137831 (the most specific Nox1/4 inhibitor) or vehicle daily by gavage for 14 days beginning at the day of PPVL or sham operation (SO). Hemodynamics, severity of portal-systemic shunting, vascular contractility, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFR-2, CD31, AKT, phospho-AKT (p-AKT, at Ser473), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and phospho-eNOS (p-eNOS, at Ser1177) expressions were evaluated. Nitric oxide (NO) production and oxidative stress in mesenteric arteries, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in both mesenteric tissues and arteries were measured. RESULT Inhibition of NOX1/4 with GKT137831 significantly decreased cardiac index, increased portal flow resistance, reduced portal pressure (PP), portal blood flow, mesenteric angiogenesis and portal-systemic shunting (PSS) in PPVL rats. GKT137831 reduced the production of H2O2, down regulated mesenteric angiogenesis markers (CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGFR-2 expression. Compared with controls), the mesenteric artery contraction to norepinephrine (NE) was impaired in PPVL rats, which was reversed by exposure to GKT137831. In addition, GKT137831 markedly decrease NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production in mesenteric arteries, and reduced NO production by decreasing the level of phosphor-AKT and eNOS. CONCLUSION Inhibition of NOX1/4 decreased PP, ameliorated hyperdynamic circulation, mesenteric angiogenesis and arterial hyporesonse in portal hypertensive rats. Pharmacological inhibition of NOX1/4 activity may be a potential treatment for PHT-related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Deng
- Department of Liver surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ming Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Binbin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, PR China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, PR China
| | - Jiayun Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, PR China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, PR China
| | - Chihao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, PR China.
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Y, Qin J, Sun D, Jiang H, Zheng L, He Y, Gui L, Qian B, Zhang C, Luo M. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase reduces portal pressure by protecting mesenteric artery myogenic responses in cirrhotic rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 131:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
6
|
Chu S, Mao X, Guo H, Wang L, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Peng W. Indoxyl sulfate potentiates endothelial dysfunction via reciprocal role for reactive oxygen species and RhoA/ROCK signaling in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:237-252. [PMID: 28277985 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1296575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulative indoxyl sulfate (IS) retained in chronic kidney disease (CKD) can potentiate vascular endothelial dysfunction, and herein, we aim at elucidating the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of possible association between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and RhoA/ROCK pathway. IS-treated nephrectomized rats are administered with antioxidants including NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, SOD analog tempol, and mitochondrion-targeted SOD mimetic mito-TEMPO to scavenge ROS, or ROCK inhibitor fasudil to obstruct RhoA/ROCK pathway. First, we find in response to IS stimulation, antioxidants treatments suppress increased aortic ROCK activity and expression levels. Additionally, ROCK blockade prevent IS-induced increased NADPH oxidase expression (mainly p22phox and p47phox), mitochondrial and intracellular ROS (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) generation, and decreased Cu/Zn-SOD expression in thoracic aortas. Apocynin, mito-TEMPO, and tempol also reverse these markers of oxidative stress. These results suggest that IS induces excessive ROS production and ROCK activation involving a circuitous relationship in which ROS activate ROCK and ROCK promotes ROS overproduction. Finally, ROS and ROCK depletion attenuate IS-induced decrease in nitric oxide (NO) production and eNOS expression levels, and alleviate impaired vasomotor responses including increased vasocontraction to phenylephrine and decreased vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, thereby preventing cardiovascular complications accompanied by CKD. Taken together, excessive ROS derived from NADPH oxidase and mitochondria coordinate with RhoA/ROCK activation in a form of positive reciprocal relationship to induce endothelial dysfunction through disturbing endothelium-dependent NO signaling upon IS stimulation in CKD status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chu
- a Laboratory of Renal Disease , Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaodong Mao
- a Laboratory of Renal Disease , Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hengjiang Guo
- a Laboratory of Renal Disease , Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Li Wang
- a Laboratory of Renal Disease , Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zezheng Li
- b Department of Nephrology , Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yang Zhang
- b Department of Nephrology , Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yunman Wang
- b Department of Nephrology , Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hao Wang
- b Department of Nephrology , Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- c Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Wen Peng
- a Laboratory of Renal Disease , Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Department of Nephrology , Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qin J, He Y, Duan M, Luo M. Effects of Nuclear Factor-E2-related factor 2/Heme Oxygenase 1 on splanchnic hemodynamics in experimental cirrhosis with portal hypertension. Microvasc Res 2016; 111:12-19. [PMID: 28025064 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored the effects of Nuclear Factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) on splanchnic hemodynamics in portal hypertensive rats. METHODS Experimental cirrhosis with portal hypertension was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride. The expression of proteins was examined by immunoblotting. Hemodynamic studies were performed by radioactive microspheres. The vascular perfusion system was used to measure the contractile response of mesentery arterioles in rats. RESULTS Nrf2 expression in the nucleus and HO-1 expression in cytoplasm was significantly enhanced in portal hypertensive rats. Portal pressure, as well as regional blood flow, increased significantly in portal hypertension and can be blocked by tin protoporphyrin IX. The expression of endogenous nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial growth factors increased significantly compared to normal rats, while HO-1 inhibition decreased the expression of these proteins significantly. The contractile response of mesenteric arteries decreased in portal hypertension, but can be partially recovered through tin protoporphyrin IX treatment. CONCLUSIONS The expression of Nrf2/HO-1 increased in mesenteric arteries of portal hypertensive rats, which was related to oxidative stress. HO-1was involved in increased portal pressure and anomaly splanchnic hemodynamics in portal hypertensive rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sánchez-Sevilla L, Mendieta-Condado E, Hernández-Muñoz R. Putrescine treatment reverses α-tocopherol-induced desynchronization of polyamine and retinoid metabolism during rat liver regeneration. J Transl Med 2016; 14:307. [PMID: 27784309 PMCID: PMC5080801 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pre-treatment with α-tocopherol inhibits progression of rat liver proliferation induced by partial hepatectomy (PH), by decreasing and/or desynchronizing cyclin D1 expression and activation into the nucleus, activation and nuclear translocation of STAT-1 and -3 proteins and altering retinoid metabolism. Interactions between retinoic acid and polyamines have been reported in the PH-induced rat liver regeneration. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of low dosage of α-tocopherol on PH-induced changes in polyamine metabolism. Methods This study evaluated the participation of polyamine synthesis and metabolism during α-tocopherol-induced inhibition of rat liver regeneration. In PH-rats (Wistar) treated with α-tocopherol and putrescine, parameters indicative of cell proliferation, lipid peroxidation, ornithine decarboxylase expression (ODC), and polyamine levels, were determined. Results Pre-treatment with α-tocopherol to PH-animals exerted an antioxidant effect, shifting earlier the increased ODC activity and expression, temporally affecting polyamine synthesis and ornithine metabolism. Whereas administration of putrescine induced minor changes in PH-rats, the concomitant treatment actually counteracted most of adverse actions exerted by α-tocopherol on the remnant liver, restituting its proliferative potential, without changing its antioxidant effect. Putrescine administration to these rats was also associated with lower ODC expression and activity in the proliferating liver, but the temporally shifting in the amount of liver polyamines induced by α-tocopherol, was also “synchronized” by the putrescine administration. The latter is supported by the fact that a close relationship was observed between fluctuations of polyamines and retinoids. Conclusions Putrescine counteracted most adverse actions exerted by α-tocopherol on rat liver regeneration, restoring liver proliferative potential and restituting the decreased retinoid levels induced by α-tocopherol. Therefore interactions between polyamines and retinol, mediated by the oxidant status, should be taken into consideration in the development of new therapeutic strategies for pathologies occurring with liver cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Sánchez-Sevilla
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 70-243, 04510, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Edgar Mendieta-Condado
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 70-243, 04510, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Rolando Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 70-243, 04510, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sastre E, Caracuel L, Prieto I, Llévenes P, Aller MÁ, Arias J, Balfagón G, Blanco-Rivero J. Decompensated liver cirrhosis and neural regulation of mesenteric vascular tone in rats: role of sympathetic, nitrergic and sensory innervations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31076. [PMID: 27484028 PMCID: PMC4971476 DOI: 10.1038/srep31076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the possible alterations produced by liver cholestasis (LC), a model of decompensated liver cirrhosis in sympathetic, sensory and nitrergic nerve function in rat superior mesenteric arteries (SMA). The vasoconstrictor response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was greater in LC animals. Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine and P2 purinoceptor antagonist suramin decreased this response in LC animals more than in control animals. Both non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) L-NAME and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) (8-37) increased the vasoconstrictor response to EFS more strongly in LC than in control segments. Vasomotor responses to noradrenaline (NA) or CGRP were greater in LC segments, while NO analogue DEA-NO induced a similar vasodilation in both experimental groups. The release of NA was not modified, while those of ATP, nitrite and CGRP were increased in segments from LC. Alpha 1 adrenoceptor, Rho kinase (ROCK) 1 and 2 and total myosin phosphatase (MYPT) expressions were not modified, while alpha 2B adrenoceptor, nNOS expression and nNOS and MYPT phosphorylation were increased by LC. Together, these alterations might counteract the increased splanchnic vasodilation observed in the last phases of decompensated liver cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sastre
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España
| | - Laura Caracuel
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España.,Departamento de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital la Paz, Madrid, España
| | - Pablo Llévenes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España
| | - M Ángeles Aller
- Cátedra de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España
| | - Jaime Arias
- Cátedra de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España
| | - Gloria Balfagón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España
| | - Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|