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Theocharopoulos C, Ziogas IA, Douligeris CC, Efstathiou A, Kolorizos E, Ziogas DC, Kontis E. Antibody-drug conjugates for hepato-pancreato-biliary malignancies: "Magic bullets" to the rescue? Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102806. [PMID: 39094332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) malignancies constitute a highly aggressive group of cancers that have a dismal prognosis. Patients not amenable to curative intent surgical resection are managed with systemic chemotherapy which, however, confers little survival benefit. Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are tripartite compounds that merge the intricate selectivity and specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytodestructive potency of attached supertoxic payloads. In view of the unmet need for drugs that will enhance the survival rates of HPB cancer patients, the assessment of ADCs for treating HPB malignancies has become the focus of extensive clinical and preclinical investigation, showing encouraging preliminary results. In the current review, we offer a comprehensive overview of the growing body of evidence on ADC approaches tested for HPB malignancies. Starting from a concise discussion of the functional principles of ADCs, we summarize here all available data from preclinical and clinical studies evaluating ADCs in HPB cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis A Ziogas
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Dimitrios C Ziogas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Elissaios Kontis
- Department of Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus 18537, Greece
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2
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Ma RX, Wei JR, Hu YW. Characteristics of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Relationship to Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:939-948. [PMID: 38490257 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAM), such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the oncofetal glycoprotein family, are tumor markers. The CEACAMs consist of 12 different human CEACAMs and 5 different murine CEACAMs. The CEACAM family of proteins participates in multiple biological processes that include the immune response, angiogenesis, and cancer. CEACAMs play a significant role in cancer initiation and development. Increasing evidence suggests that family members may be new cancer biomarkers and targets in that CEACEAMs tend to be aberrantly expressed and therefore may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic importance. This review systematically summarizes the biogenesis, biological properties, and functions of CEACAMs, with a focus on their relationship with cancer and potential clinical application. As our knowledge of the relationships among CEACAMs and cancer increases, and as our understanding of the involved molecular mechanisms improves, new therapeutic strategies will evolve for cancer prevention and treatment of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xue Ma
- Department of Cardiac Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Rui Wei
- Department of Cardiac Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Aziz MH, Saida L, van Eijck CHJ, Mustafa DAM. Overexpression of the adhesion signaling pathway is linked to short-term survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2024; 24:62-65. [PMID: 37957065 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is known for its unfavorable prognosis. Gaining insights into the molecular mechanisms that contribute to its progression is crucial for developing effective therapies. In this study, our objective was to investigate the molecular pathways associated with short-term survival in patients with PDAC. METHODS Immune profiles were analyzed from both long-term survivors (n = 10) and short-term survivors (n = 10) after surgical resection. Pathway scores were calculated to compare the two groups. RESULTS The "Adhesion" pathway emerged as the most significant pathway, exhibiting a notably higher score in the samples of short-term survivors (P < 0.009). Within this pathway, significant findings were observed in genes related to integrins and CEACAM. CONCLUSION The role of integrins in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer is of utmost importance, as they are found to be overexpressed in short-term survivors. These findings provide valuable insights into the underlying biology of PDAC and have potential implications for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Aziz
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Saida
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - C H J van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - D A M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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4
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Götz L, Rueckschloss U, Balk G, Pfeiffer V, Ergün S, Kleefeldt F. The role of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 in cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1295232. [PMID: 38077351 PMCID: PMC10704240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), also known as CD66a, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. CEACAM1 was shown to be a prognostic marker in patients suffering from cancer. In this review, we summarize pre-clinical and clinical evidence linking CEACAM1 to tumorigenicity and cancer progression. Furthermore, we discuss potential CEACAM1-based mechanisms that may affect cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Götz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Rueckschloss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gözde Balk
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Verena Pfeiffer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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5
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Wittwer NL, Brown MP, Liapis V, Staudacher AH. Antibody drug conjugates: hitting the mark in pancreatic cancer? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:280. [PMID: 37880707 PMCID: PMC10598980 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death, and the 5-year survival rate has only improved marginally over the last decade. Late detection of the disease means that in most cases the disease has advanced locally and/or metastasized, and curative surgery is not possible. Chemotherapy is still the first-line treatment however, this has only had a modest impact in improving survival, with associated toxicities. Therefore, there is an urgent need for targeted approaches to better treat pancreatic cancer, while minimizing treatment-induced side-effects. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are one treatment option that could fill this gap. Here, a monoclonal antibody is used to deliver extremely potent drugs directly to the tumor site to improve on-target killing while reducing off-target toxicity. In this paper, we review the current literature for ADC targets that have been examined in vivo for treating pancreatic cancer, summarize current and on-going clinical trials using ADCs to treat pancreatic cancer and discuss potential strategies to improve their therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Wittwer
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Michael P Brown
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Vasilios Liapis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Alexander H Staudacher
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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6
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Pérez-Díez I, Andreu Z, Hidalgo MR, Perpiñá-Clérigues C, Fantín L, Fernandez-Serra A, de la Iglesia-Vaya M, Lopez-Guerrero JA, García-García F. A Comprehensive Transcriptional Signature in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reveals New Insights into the Immune and Desmoplastic Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112887. [PMID: 37296850 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) prognoses and treatment responses remain devastatingly poor due partly to the highly heterogeneous, aggressive, and immunosuppressive nature of this tumor type. The intricate relationship between the stroma, inflammation, and immunity remains vaguely understood in the PDAC microenvironment. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of stroma-, and immune-related gene expression in the PDAC microenvironment to improve disease prognosis and therapeutic development. We selected 21 PDAC studies from the Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress databases, including 922 samples (320 controls and 602 cases). Differential gene enrichment analysis identified 1153 significant dysregulated genes in PDAC patients that contribute to a desmoplastic stroma and an immunosuppressive environment (the hallmarks of PDAC tumors). The results highlighted two gene signatures related to the immune and stromal environments that cluster PDAC patients into high- and low-risk groups, impacting patients' stratification and therapeutic decision making. Moreover, HCP5, SLFN13, IRF9, IFIT2, and IFI35 immune genes are related to the prognosis of PDAC patients for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pérez-Díez
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Imaging Unit FISABIO-CIPF, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Zoraida Andreu
- IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidalgo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
- IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Perpiñá-Clérigues
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
- IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Fantín
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernandez-Serra
- IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain
| | - María de la Iglesia-Vaya
- Biomedical Imaging Unit FISABIO-CIPF, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - José A Lopez-Guerrero
- IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco García-García
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
- IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
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7
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YANG HONG, LI WAN, REN LIWEN, YANG YIHUI, ZHANG YIZHI, GE BINBIN, LI SHA, ZHENG XIANGJIN, LIU JINYI, ZHANG SEN, DU GUANHUA, TANG BO, WANG HONGQUAN, WANG JINHUA. Progress on diagnostic and prognostic markers of pancreatic cancer. Oncol Res 2023; 31:83-99. [PMID: 37304241 PMCID: PMC10208033 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.028905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease characterized by low survival and high recurrence rate, whose patients are mostly at the stage of locally advanced or metastatic disease when first diagnosed. Early diagnosis is particularly important because prognostic/predictive markers help guide optimal individualized treatment regimens. So far, CA19-9 is the only biomarker for pancreatic cancer approved by the FDA, but its effectiveness is limited by low sensitivity and specificity. With recent advances in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other analytical and sequencing technologies, the rapid acquisition and screening of biomarkers is now possible. Liquid biopsy also occupies a significant place due to its unique advantages. In this review, we systematically describe and evaluate the available biomarkers that have the greatest potential as vital tools in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- HONG YANG
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - WAN LI
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - LIWEN REN
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - YIHUI YANG
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - YIZHI ZHANG
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - BINBIN GE
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - SHA LI
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - XIANGJIN ZHENG
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - JINYI LIU
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - SEN ZHANG
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - GUANHUA DU
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - BO TANG
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - HONGQUAN WANG
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - JINHUA WANG
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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8
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Biel TG, Petrovskaya S, Mascia F, Ju T, Fashoyin-Aje L, Herremans KM, Riner AN, Underwood PW, Gerber MH, Donoghue M, Trevino JG, Rao VA. Transcriptomic analysis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens obtained from Black and White patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281182. [PMID: 36812168 PMCID: PMC9946261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic cancer clinical trials, Black patients are under-represented while having higher morbidity and mortality rates as compared to other racial groups. Multiple factors, including socioeconomic and lifestyle factors may contribute to this disparity, but genomic contributions remain unclear. In an exploratory project to identify genes that may contribute to differences in survival between Black (n = 8) and White (n = 20) patients with pancreatic cancer, transcriptomic sequencing of over 24,900 genes was performed in human pancreatic tumor and non-tumor tissue obtained from Black and White patients. Over 4,400 genes were differentially expressed in tumor and non-tumor tissue, irrespective of race. To validate these results, the expression of four genes (AGR2, POSTN, TFF1, and CP) reported to be up-regulated in pancreatic tumor tissue as compared to non-tumor tissue were confirmed using quantitative PCR. Transcriptomic analysis that compared pancreatic tumor tissue from Black and White patients revealed differential expression in 1,200 genes, while a comparison of the non-tumor and tumor gene expression differences within each race revealed over 1,500 tumor-specific differentially expressed genes in pancreatic tumor and non-tumor tissue from Black patients. We identified TSPAN8 as a potential tumor-specific gene significantly overexpressed in pancreatic tumor tissue in Black patients as compared to White patients. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software to compare the race-associated gene expression profiles, over 40 canonical pathways were identified to be potentially impacted by the gene expression differences between the races. Heightened expression of TSPAN8 was associated with poor overall survival, suggesting TSPAN8 as one potential genetic factor contributing to the differential outcomes in Black patients with pancreatic cancer, supporting the potential utility of larger genomic studies to further explore the role of TSPAN8 in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Biel
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Petrovskaya
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Francesca Mascia
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lola Fashoyin-Aje
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. Herremans
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Andrea N. Riner
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Patrick W. Underwood
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Gerber
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Martha Donoghue
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - V. Ashutosh Rao
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer: From epigenetics to potential clinical applications. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101579. [PMID: 36332600 PMCID: PMC9637816 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two relevant classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a pivotal role in a number of molecular processes through different epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. As a matter of fact, the altered expression of these types of RNAs leads to the development and progression of a varied range of multifactorial human diseases. Several recent reports elucidated that miRNA and lncRNAs have been implicated in pancreatic cancer (PC). For instance, dysregulation of such ncRNAs has been found to be associated with chemoresistance, apoptosis, autophagy, cell differentiation, tumor suppression, tumor growth, cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in PC. Moreover, several aberrantly expressed miRNAs and lncRNAs have the potential to be used as biomarkers for accurate PC diagnosis. Additionally, miRNAs and lncRNAs are considered as promising clinical targets for PC. Therefore, in this review, we discuss recent experimental evidence regarding the clinical implications of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of PC, their future potential, as well as the challenges that have arisen in this field of study in order to drive forward the design of ncRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics for PC.
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10
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Pekarek L, Fraile-Martinez O, Garcia-Montero C, Saez MA, Barquero-Pozanco I, del Hierro-Marlasca L, de Castro Martinez P, Romero-Bazán A, Alvarez-Mon MA, Monserrat J, García-Honduvilla N, Buján J, Alvarez-Mon M, Guijarro LG, Ortega MA. Clinical Applications of Classical and Novel Biological Markers of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081866. [PMID: 35454771 PMCID: PMC9029823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma have increased in recent years. Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death, but it is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality by 2040. Most patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage of the disease, with very limited 5-year survival. The discovery of different tissue markers has elucidated the underlying pathophysiology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and allowed stratification of patient risk at different stages and assessment of tumour recurrence. Due to the invasive capacity of this tumour and the absence of screening markers, new immunohistochemical and serological markers may be used as prognostic markers for recurrence and in the study of possible new therapeutic targets because the survival of these patients is low in most cases. The present article reviews the currently used main histopathological and serological markers and discusses the main characteristics of markers under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Cielo Garcia-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Ines Barquero-Pozanco
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Laura del Hierro-Marlasca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Patricia de Castro Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Adoración Romero-Bazán
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Miguel A. Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.)
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11
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Opitz FV, Haeberle L, Daum A, Esposito I. Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246188. [PMID: 34944807 PMCID: PMC8699458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive neoplasm with a poor survival rate. This is mainly due to late detection, which substantially limits therapy options. A better understanding of the early phases of pancreatic carcinogenesis is fundamental for improving patient prognosis in the future. In this article, we focused on the tumor microenvironment (TME), which provides the biological niche for the development of PDAC from its most common precursor lesions, PanIN (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias). Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis. A characteristic of PDAC is the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that facilitates bypassing of the immune surveillance. The TME consists of a desmoplastic stroma, largely composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immunosuppressive immune cells, immunoregulatory soluble factors, neural network cells, and endothelial cells with complex interactions. PDAC develops from various precursor lesions such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN), and possibly, atypical flat lesions (AFL). In this review, we focus on the composition of the TME in PanINs to reveal detailed insights into the complex restructuring of the TME at early time points in PDAC progression and to explore ways of modifying the TME to slow or even halt tumor progression.
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12
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Kapszewicz M, Małecka-Wojciesko E. Simple Serum Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Protein Biomarkers-Is There Anything in Sight? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225463. [PMID: 34830745 PMCID: PMC8619303 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A poor PDAC prognosis is due to a lack of effective treatment and late diagnosis. The early detection of PDAC could significantly decrease mortality and save lives. Idealbiomarkers for PDAC should be cost-effective, detectable in easily accessible biological material, and present in sufficient concentration in the earliest possible phase of the disease. This review addresses newly selected, simple protein biomarkers—new ones such as thrombospondin-2, insulin-linked binding protein 2, lysophosphatidic acid, and autotaxin and conventional ones such as Ca19-9, inflammatory factors, and coagulation factors. Their possible use in the early detection of PDAC, differentiation from benign diseases, prognosis, and treatment response prediction is discussed. We also address the usefulness of possible combinations of biomarkers in diagnostic panels.
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13
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Kurlinkus B, Ger M, Kaupinis A, Jasiunas E, Valius M, Sileikis A. CEACAM6's Role as a Chemoresistance and Prognostic Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer: A Comparison of CEACAM6's Diagnostic and Prognostic Capabilities with Those of CA19-9 and CEA. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060542. [PMID: 34207784 PMCID: PMC8226832 DOI: 10.3390/life11060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival rates from pancreatic cancer have remained stagnant for decades due to the heterogenic nature of the disease. This study aimed to find a new advanced biomarker and evaluate its clinical capabilities, thus enabling more individualised pancreatic cancer management. Between 2013 and 2020, 267 patients were included in the study. Surgically collected pancreatic tissue samples were analysed via high-definition mass spectrometry. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) was discovered as a possible promising pancreatic cancer biomarker. The predominance of CEACAM6 to pancreatic cancer was validated using antibodies in tissue samples. CEACAM6, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) blood serum concentrations were evaluated for clinical evaluation and comparison. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to evaluate disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Poorer overall survival was significantly dependent on increased CEACAM6 blood serum concentrations (17.0 vs. 12.6 months, p = 0.017) in pancreatic cancer patients after radical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy. Increased CEA and CA19-9 concentrations showed no significant dependencies with survival. Thus, CEACAM6 is a promising new biomarker with significant prognostic value and prediction of chemoresistance properties, enabling the improvement of individualised approaches to patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benediktas Kurlinkus
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-67437295
| | - Marija Ger
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Eugenijus Jasiunas
- Centre of Informatics and Development, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Audrius Sileikis
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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