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Dakaj N, Gocaj K, Kabashi S, Dedushi K, Blakaj V, Goçaj A. Basilar artery thrombosis and Wallenberg syndrome in a patient with uncontrolled hypertension. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:3033-3037. [PMID: 38745978 PMCID: PMC11091452 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Presented here is a compelling case of a patient with a history of untreated hypertension, highlighting symptoms indicative of Wallenberg syndrome, including acute-onset dizziness, visual disturbances, continuous vomiting, difficulty walking, and an altered level of consciousness. This case's significance lies in its clinical presentation and in the diagnostic journey undertaken to elucidate its underlying pathology. Throughout the patient's hospitalization, a comprehensive assessment incorporating clinical, laboratory, and imaging techniques was conducted to delineate the extent of their condition. Of particular significance were the findings derived from MRI and MRA examinations of the endocranium, which provided crucial insights into the underlying pathophysiology. The MRI revealed multifocal ischemic lesions, pointing towards basilar artery thrombosis affecting both vertebral branches and displaying characteristic features associated with Wallenberg syndrome. Notably, the patient's lack of antihypertensive, anticoagulant, or antiplatelet therapy underscores the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors early in the disease course. This case serves as a poignant reminder of the complexities inherent in cerebrovascular diseases, highlighting the imperative of prompt recognition and management of predisposing factors. By presenting this case, we aim to underscore the clinical significance of timely intervention in mitigating potential complications of hypertension, such as cerebral artery thrombosis, thereby emphasizing the importance of proactive patient care and risk factor modification in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Dakaj
- Assistant Professor at Alma Mater Europea" Rezonanca", Specialist of Neurology, KSHM, Rezonanca, Veterrnik 10000, Prishtine, Kosove
| | - Kaltrina Gocaj
- Radiology Resident in University Clincial Center of Kosova, Rrahim Beqiri, Pika Exclusive Llam B-41, Prishtine, Kosove
| | - Serbeze Kabashi
- Professor Dr. at the University of Prishtina, Radiologist at University Clinical Center of Kosova, KSHM, Rezonanca, Veterrnik 10000, Prishtine, Kosove
| | - Kreshnike Dedushi
- Professor Asisstant at the University of Prishtina, Radiologist at University Clinical Center of Kosova, Swiss Village, Cagllavice, pn, Kosove
| | - Vullnet Blakaj
- Radiology Resident at the University Clinical Center of Kosova, UCCK, Lagja e Spitalit, 10000, Prishtine, Kosove
| | - Alba Goçaj
- Medical Doctor at Primary Care Urgency Center of Prizren, Rr.Jonuz Krasniqi, pn, 20000 Prizren, Kosove
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2
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Oliveira LDB, Sousa MP, Semione G, Ferreira MY, Batista S, Palavani LB, Andreão FF, Diniz JBC, Rabelo NN, Bertani R, Welling LC, Lawton MT, Figueiredo EG. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypass versus Occipital Artery-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypass for Treating Posterior Circulation Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2024; 185:403-416.e7. [PMID: 38458251 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.02.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When traditional therapies are unsuitable, revascularization becomes essential for managing posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) or vertebral artery aneurysms. Notably, the PICA-PICA bypass has emerged as a promising option, overshadowing the occipital artery-PICA (OA-PICA) bypass. The objective was to compare the safety and efficacy of OA-PICA and PICA-PICA bypasses. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OA-PICA and PICA-PICA bypasses for treating posterior circulation aneurysms. RESULTS We analyzed 13 studies for the PICA-PICA bypass and 16 studies on the OA-PICA bypass, involving 84 and 110 patients, respectively. The median average follow-up for PICA-PICA bypass was 8 months (2-50.3 months), while for OA-PICA, it was 27.8 months (6-84 months). The patency rate for OA-PICA was 97% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 92%-100%) and 100% (95% CI: 95%-100%) for PICA-PICA. Complication rates were 29% (95% CI: 10%-47%) for OA-PICA and 12% (95% CI: 3%-21%) for PICA-PICA. Good clinical outcomes were observed in 71% (95% CI: 52%-90%) of OA-PICA patients and 87% (95% CI: 75%-100%) of PICA-PICA patients. Procedure-related mortality was 1% (95% CI: 0%-6%) for OA-PICA and 1% (95% CI: 0%-10%) for PICA-PICA. CONCLUSIONS Both procedures have demonstrated promising results in efficacy and safety. PICA-PICA exhibits slightly better patency rates, better clinical outcomes, and fewer complications, but with a lack of substantial follow-up and a smaller sample size. The choice between these procedures should be based on the surgeon's expertise and the patient's anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Porto Sousa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Semione
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of West Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcio Yuri Ferreira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ninth of July University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sávio Batista
- Department of Neurosurgery, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucca B Palavani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Max Planck University Center, Indaiatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipi F Andreão
- Department of Neurosurgery, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raphael Bertani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo C Welling
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Yamaguchi M, Kim K, Mizunari T, Umeoka K, Koketsu K, Isayama K, Morita A. Formation of a Large Fusiform Aneurysm near a Medullary Infarction Caused by Dissection of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery. J NIPPON MED SCH 2024; 91:129-133. [PMID: 36823119 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2024_91-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Infarction of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) can lead to ischemic stroke in the lateral medullary oblongata. PICA dissection can also elicit an ischemic event in this region, but its detection on radiological images is difficult because of the small diameter of the vessel. We report a case of Wallenberg syndrome due to PICA dissection in a 48-year-old man, which was difficult to diagnose on first admission. He reported sudden onset of sensory disturbance on the right side of his face, ataxic gait, and headache. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a fresh cerebral infarct in the right lateral medulla oblongata. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) performed at the time of his admission showed no cerebral vessel abnormalities. An MRI study 18 months after the event revealed a fusiform aneurysm on the lateral medullary segment of the PICA, which was extremely close to the cerebral infarct. We concluded that the infarct was due to PICA dissection because of the sudden onset of symptoms and because the infarcted territory of the occluded penetrating branch of the dissecting aneurysm was consistent with Wallenberg syndrome. The aneurysm was trapped and an occipital artery-PICA bypass was placed. At the latest follow-up, 1 year after the procedure, he had no neurological symptoms. Imaging findings at the time of his first admission indicated that the PICA was intact. However, 18 months later, MRI revealed enlargement of an aneurysm at the site of the dissection. A cerebral infarct with headache may indicate PICA dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Kyongsong Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Takayuki Mizunari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Katsuya Umeoka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Kenta Koketsu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Koshiro Isayama
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital
| | - Akio Morita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital
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Sawra AK, Sharath HV, Chavan N. Effects of Physical Rehabilitation With X-Sens Inertial Technology Feedback on Posterior Cerebral Artery Infarcts: A Case Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e56379. [PMID: 38633929 PMCID: PMC11022922 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) affecting the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) represents a unique clinical challenge, necessitating a multifaceted approach to rehabilitation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of physiotherapeutic interventions tailored specifically for individuals with AIS involving the PCA territory. The PCA supplies critical areas of the brain responsible for visual processing, memory, and sensory integration. Consequently, patients with PCA infarcts often exhibit a distinct set of neurological deficits, including visual field disturbances, cognitive impairments, and sensory abnormalities. This case report highlights evidence-based physiotherapy strategies that encompass a spectrum of interventions, ranging from early mobilization and motor training to sensory reintegration and cognitive rehabilitation. Early mobilization, including bed mobility exercises and upright activities, is crucial to prevent complications associated with immobility. Motor training interventions target the restoration of functional movement patterns, addressing hemiparesis and balance impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha K Sawra
- Department of Paediatric Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Wardha, IND
| | - H V Sharath
- Department of Paediatric Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Wardha, IND
| | - Nitika Chavan
- Department of Neurophysiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Wardha, IND
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Rawanduzy CA, Winkler-Schwartz A, Budohoski KP, Couldwell WT. Occipital artery-to-PICA bypass: how I do it. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:3737-3741. [PMID: 37256439 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are uncommon, and their management is challenging because of the complex angioarchitecture of the PICA and the frequently nonsaccular aneurysm presentation. Endovascular therapy may not be feasible. METHODS We describe our technique of clip trapping with occipital artery (OA)-to-PICA bypass to treat a PICA aneurysm. Because the aneurysm affected the ipsilateral, dominant PICA, an OA-PICA bypass was chosen to ensure adequate flow and reduce risk to the contralateral PICA supply. CONCLUSION The OA-PICA anastomosis is a safe and effective method to successfully achieve flow preservation with bypass reconstruction and aneurysm trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron A Rawanduzy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Alexander Winkler-Schwartz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Karol P Budohoski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - William T Couldwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, 175 N. Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
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Patel A, Baudoin J, Chaiyamoon A, Cardona JJ, Carrera A, Reina F, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. An unusual arrangement between the highest denticulate ligament and posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Anat Cell Biol 2023; 56:394-397. [PMID: 37013378 PMCID: PMC10520863 DOI: 10.5115/acb.23.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is often involved in pathologies of the posterior cranial fossa. Therefore, a good understanding of the vessel's normal and variant courses is important to the neurosurgeon or neurointerventionalist. During the routine microdissection of the craniocervical junction, an unusual arrangement between the highest denticulate ligament and PICA was observed. On the right side, the PICA was given rise to by the V4 segment of the vertebral artery 9 mm after the artery entered the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa. The artery made an acute turn around the lateral edge of the highest denticulate ligament to then recur 180 degrees and travel medially toward the brainstem. Invasive procedures that target the PICA should be aware of the variant as described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Patel
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada, USA
| | - Johnathan Baudoin
- Tulane School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Arada Chaiyamoon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Juan J. Cardona
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ana Carrera
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neurosciences Research Group, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Francisco Reina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neurosciences Research Group, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aaron S. Dumont
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - R. Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Herson AB, Falk JD, Phrathep DD, Igbonagwam CB, Fischer ST, Miller BT, Leary D. The Value of Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Lateral Medullary Syndrome Rehabilitation: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e40065. [PMID: 37425557 PMCID: PMC10326168 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wallenberg's syndrome, also known as lateral medullary syndrome (LMS), is a neurological condition resulting from damage to the lateral portion of the medulla oblongata. We present a case of a 64-year-old man with Wallenberg's syndrome who presented for acute rehabilitation after sustaining a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). As seen in our patient, common symptoms of LMS include difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, ipsilateral weakness, and ipsilateral loss of sensation or numbness. Although the prognosis following infarction is often good, dysfunction in swallowing is one of the key deficits that have a long-term impact on patient quality of life. We aim to emphasize the significance of the interdisciplinary approach to achieving favorable health outcomes in patients with LMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Herson
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Justin D Falk
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Davong D Phrathep
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Chigozie B Igbonagwam
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Steven T Fischer
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Brooke T Miller
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Daniel Leary
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, AdventHealth Tampa, Tampa, USA
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8
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Tatsuta Y, Endo H, Fukuda M, Nakamura H. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery originating from the posterior meningeal artery mimicking dural arteriovenous fistula. Surg Radiol Anat 2023; 45:765-768. [PMID: 37100888 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many variations in the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) have been reported. To our knowledge, only one case of a PICA originating from the posterior meningeal artery (PMA) has been reported. METHODS We describe a case with a PICA that was supplied retrograde from the distal segment of the PMA, mimicking a dural arteriovenous fistula on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). RESULTS A 31-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a sudden occipital headache and nausea. MRA showed a hyperplastic left PMA, continuing to an abnormal vessel that was suspicious for venous drainage. Digital subtraction angiography revealed the left PMA originated from the extradural segment of the vertebral artery and then connected to the left PICA near the torcula. The cortical segment of the PICA flowed retrograde, which appeared as venous reflux on MRA. A second PICA originated from the extradural segment of the left vertebral artery and perfused the tonsillomedullary and televelotonsillar segment of the left PICA territory. CONCLUSION We present an anatomical variant of the PICA mimicking a dural arteriovenous fistula. Digital subtraction angiography is useful for diagnosis of the cortical segment of the PICA flowing retrograde from the distal segment of the PMA because signal intensity in MRA of retrograde flow tends to decrease and diagnosis may be difficult. During endovascular treatment and open surgery, we should note that ischemic complications may occur due to the potential anastomosing channels between cerebral and dural arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Tatsuta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, South 1, West 14, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8570, Japan.
| | - Hideki Endo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, South 1, West 14, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8570, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fukuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, South 1, West 14, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8570, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, South 1, West 14, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8570, Japan
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Roy P, Akpoigbe O, Akanmode AM, Anim-Koranteng C, Olusoji R. Food Stuck in the Throat in a Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patient: An Atypical Presentation of Wallenberg's Syndrome. Cureus 2023; 15:e38076. [PMID: 37234141 PMCID: PMC10208627 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Wallenberg's syndrome, also known as posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome), is known to be a common cause of posterior ischemic stroke syndromes in men in their 60s and may present with varied symptoms devoid of focal neurological signs making it easily missed as a differential of posterior ischemic strokes. It involves a stroke in the vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar artery of the brainstem. In this case report, we critically examine the case of a 66-year-old man with newly diagnosed diabetes whose main presentation was dysphagia and unsteady gait. There was no motor or sensory examination finding in our patient, and the initial computed tomography of the brain was negative for any intracranial pathology leading to very low suspicion of stroke. However, given a high index of suspicion and a thorough oropharyngeal examination ruling out structural abnormality, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed features suggestive of Wallenberg's syndrome. This case emphasizes careful consideration of posterior stroke syndrome when evaluating patients presenting with dysphagia without typical motor/sensory symptoms of cerebrovascular accident and the requirement of further imaging to support the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Roy
- Internal Medicine, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rahman Olusoji
- Internal Medicine, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, USA
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10
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Wan M, Beran R. Obstructive sleep apnoea presenting as a stroke mimic. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e253364. [PMID: 36810330 PMCID: PMC9944673 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is never considered the aetiology of focal neurological symptoms or in the differential of stroke-like symptoms. Although it is a risk factor for stroke and can produce global neurological symptoms, such as confusion and decreased consciousness, it has never been reported to produce focal neurology. This case describes a patient with OSA, diagnosed through polysomnography, who had multiple presentations of focal stroke-like symptoms and signs, despite initial optimal post-stroke management. Symptomatic cessation was only achieved after the patient received continuous positive airway pressure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wan
- Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roy Beran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Medical Law, Sechenov Moscow First State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Campbell St, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, Westerns Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Garner M, Fries F, Kettner M, Haußmann A, Bachhuber A, Reith W, Yilmaz U. Endovascular Treatment Strategies for Aneurysms of the Origin of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery. World Neurosurg 2023; 172:e412-e417. [PMID: 36649857 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of aneurysms at the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is challenging. Surgery is difficult due to the deep location and proximity to cranial nerves and endovascular treatment is complicated due to the often tortuous anatomy of the PICA and its small diameter. The purpose of this study is to report our experience with the endovascular treatment of aneurysms at the origin of the PICA. METHODS Consecutive patients with aneurysms at the origin of the PICA who were endovascularly treated at our department were identified from our registry of neuro-angiographies. Clinical, angiographic, and treatment data were analyzed. Endpoints included successful occlusion and recurrence. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients were included. 79.3% of the aneurysms were wide-neck with a dome-to-neck ratio <2.65.5% of all endovascular procedures were performed by coiling alone. The procedural rupture rate was 18.75% for endovascularly treated aneurysms presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Successful embolization was achieved non-significantly more often in the coiling-only group (94.7% vs. 70%, P = 0.066). Aneurysm recurrence after successful occlusion was observed in one case. CONCLUSIONS Though aneurysm and parent vessel characteristics were challenging successful occlusion was achieved in a high rate of treatments, often with standalone coiling. Adjunctive techniques like retrograde stenting seem promising to further enhance endovascular results. Interestingly aneurysms arising solely from the origin of the PICA without the V4-segment involved presented with SAH significantly more often and wide-neck aneurysms presenting with SAH had a significantly higher periinterventional rupture rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Garner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Fries
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kettner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alena Haußmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Armin Bachhuber
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reith
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Umut Yilmaz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany.
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12
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Catapano JS, Rumalla K, Srinivasan VM, Lawrence PM, Larson Keil K, Lawton MT. A taxonomy for brainstem cavernous malformations: subtypes of medullary lesions. J Neurosurg 2023; 138:128-146. [PMID: 35594887 DOI: 10.3171/2022.3.jns22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medullary cavernous malformations are the least common of the brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs), accounting for only 14% of lesions in the authors' surgical experience. In this article, a novel taxonomy for these lesions is proposed based on clinical presentation and anatomical location. METHODS The taxonomy system was applied to a large 2-surgeon experience over a 30-year period (1990-2019). Of 601 patients who underwent microsurgical resection of BSCMs, 551 were identified who had the clinical and radiological information needed for inclusion. These 551 patients were classified by lesion location: midbrain (151 [27%]), pons (323 [59%]), and medulla (77 [14%]). Medullary lesions were subtyped on the basis of their predominant surface presentation. Neurological outcomes were assessed according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), with an mRS score ≤ 2 defined as favorable. RESULTS Five distinct subtypes were defined for the 77 medullary BSCMs: pyramidal (3 [3.9%]), olivary (35 [46%]), cuneate (24 [31%]), gracile (5 [6.5%]), and trigonal (10 [13%]). Pyramidal lesions are located in the anterior medulla and were associated with hemiparesis and hypoglossal nerve palsy. Olivary lesions are found in the anterolateral medulla and were associated with ataxia. Cuneate lesions are located in the posterolateral medulla and were associated with ipsilateral upper-extremity sensory deficits. Gracile lesions are located outside the fourth ventricle in the posteroinferior medulla and were associated with ipsilateral lower-extremity sensory deficits. Trigonal lesions in the ventricular floor were associated with nausea, vomiting, and diplopia. A single surgical approach was preferred (> 90% of cases) for each medullary subtype: the far lateral approach for pyramidal and olivary lesions, the suboccipital-telovelar approach for cuneate lesions, the suboccipital-transcisterna magna approach for gracile lesions, and the suboccipital-transventricular approach for trigonal lesions. Of these 77 patients for whom follow-up data were available (n = 73), 63 (86%) had favorable outcomes and 67 (92%) had unchanged or improved functional status. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that the constellation of neurological signs and symptoms associated with a hemorrhagic medullary BSCM subtype is useful for defining the BSCM clinically according to a neurologically recognizable syndrome at the bedside. The proposed taxonomical classifications may be used to guide the selection of surgical approaches, which may enhance the consistency of clinical communications and help improve patient outcomes.
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13
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Chen CH, Peterson MD, Mazer CD, Hibino M, Beaudin AE, Chu MWA, Dagenais F, Teoh H, Quan A, Dickson J, Verma S, Smith EE. Acute Infarcts on Brain MRI Following Aortic Arch Repair With Circulatory Arrest: Insights From the ACE CardioLink-3 Randomized Trial. Stroke 2023; 54:67-77. [PMID: 36315249 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.041612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND to investigate the frequency and distribution of new ischemic brain lesions detected by diffusion-weighted imaging on brain magnetic resonance imaging after aortic arch surgery. METHODS This preplanned secondary analysis of the randomized, controlled ACE (Aortic Surgery Cerebral Protection Evaluation) CardioLink-3 trial compared the safety and efficacy of innominate versus axillary artery cannulation during elective proximal aortic arch surgery. Participants underwent pre and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. New ischemic lesions were defined as lesions visible on postoperative, but not preoperative diffusion weighted imaging. RESULTS Of the 111 trial participants, 102 had complete magnetic resonance imaging data. A total of 391 new ischemic lesions were observed on diffusion-weighted imaging in 71 (70%) patients. The average number of lesions in patients with ischemic lesion were 5.5±4.9 with comparable numbers in the right (2.9±2.0) and left (3.0±2.3) hemispheres (P=0.49). Half the new lesions were in the middle cerebral artery territory; 63% of the cohort had ischemic lesions in the anterior circulation, 49% in the posterior circulation, 42% in both, and 20% in watershed areas. A probability mask of all diffusion-weighted imaging lesions revealed that the cerebellum was commonly involved. More severe white matter hyperintensity on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (odds ratio, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.10-2.95]; P=0.02) and lower nadir nasopharyngeal temperature during surgery (odds ratio per 1°C decrease, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.00-1.32]; P=0.05) were associated with the presentation of new ischemic lesion; older age (risk ratio per 1-year increase, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00-1.04]; P=0.03) and lower nadir temperature (risk ratio per 1°C decrease, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.00-1.14]; P=0.06) were associated with greater number of lesions. CONCLUSIONS In patients who underwent elective proximal aortic arch surgery, new ischemic brain lesions were common, and predominantly involved the middle cerebral artery territory or cerebellum. Underlying small vessel disease, lower temperature nadir during surgery, and advanced age were risk factors for perioperative ischemic lesions. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT02554032.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (C.-H.C., A.E.B., E.E.S.).,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-H.C.)
| | - Mark D Peterson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.P., H.T., A.Q., S.V.).,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.P., S.V.)
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.D.M., J.D.).,Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.D.M., J.D.).,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.D.M.)
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (M.H.)
| | - Andrew E Beaudin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (C.-H.C., A.E.B., E.E.S.).,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (A.E.B., E.E.S.)
| | - Michael W A Chu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre and the Western University, ON, Canada (M.W.A.C.)
| | - François Dagenais
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada (F.D.)
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.P., H.T., A.Q., S.V.).,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (H.T.)
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.P., H.T., A.Q., S.V.)
| | - Jeffrey Dickson
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.D.M., J.D.).,Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.D.M., J.D.)
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.P., H.T., A.Q., S.V.).,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.P., S.V.).,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (S.V.)
| | - Eric E Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (C.-H.C., A.E.B., E.E.S.).,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada (A.E.B., E.E.S.)
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14
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Abdelrady M, Ognard J, Cagnazzo F, Derraz I, Lefevre PH, Riquelme C, Gascou G, Arquizan C, Dargazanli C, Cheddad El Aouni M, Ben Salem D, Mourand I, Costalat V, Gentric JC. Frontline thrombectomy strategy and outcome in acute basilar artery occlusion. J Neurointerv Surg 2023; 15:27-33. [PMID: 34992148 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-018180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel thrombectomy strategies emanate expeditiously day-by-day counting on access system, clot retriever device, proximity to and integration with the thrombus, and microcatheter disengagement. Nonetheless, the relationship between native thrombectomy strategies and revascularization success remains to be evaluated in basilar artery occlusion (BAO). PURPOSE To compare the safety and efficacy profile of key frontline thrombectomy strategies in BAO. METHODS Retrospective analyses of prospectively maintained stroke registries at two comprehensive stroke centers were performed between January 2015 and December 2019. Patients with BAO selected after MR imaging were categorized into three groups based on the frontline thrombectomy strategy (contact aspiration (CA), stent retriever (SR), or combined (SR+CA)). Patients who experienced failure of clot retrieval followed by an interchanging strategy were categorized as a fourth (switch) group. Clinicoradiological features and procedural variables were compared. The primary outcome measure was the rate of complete revascularization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) grade 2c-3). Favorable outcome was defined as a 90 day modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2. RESULTS Of 1823 patients, we included 128 (33 underwent CA, 35 SR, 35 SR +CA, and 25 switch techniques). Complete revascularization was achieved in 83/140 (59%) primarily analyzed patients. SR +CA was associated with higher odds of complete revascularization (adjusted OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.077 to 8.593, p=0.04) which was an independent predictor of favorable outcome (adjusted OR 2.73. 95% CI 1.152 to 6.458, p=0.02). No significant differences were observed for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, functional outcome, or mortality rate. CONCLUSION Among BAO patients, the combined technique effectively contributed to complete revascularization that showed a 90 day favorable outcome with an equivalent complication rate after thrombectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelrady
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle Neurosciences tête et cou, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon Midi, France .,Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, Bretagne, France
| | - Julien Ognard
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, Bretagne, France
| | - Federico Cagnazzo
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle Neurosciences tête et cou, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon Midi, France
| | - Imad Derraz
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle Neurosciences tête et cou, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon Midi, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Lefevre
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle Neurosciences tête et cou, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon Midi, France
| | - Carlos Riquelme
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle Neurosciences tête et cou, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon Midi, France
| | - Gregory Gascou
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle Neurosciences tête et cou, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon Midi, France
| | - Caroline Arquizan
- Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle Neurosciences tête et cou, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon Midi, France
| | - Cyril Dargazanli
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle Neurosciences tête et cou, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon Midi, France
| | | | - Douraied Ben Salem
- Diagnostic neuroradiology, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, Bretagne, France
| | - Isabelle Mourand
- Neurology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle Neurosciences tête et cou, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon Midi, France
| | - Vincent Costalat
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; Pôle Neurosciences tête et cou, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon Midi, France
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15
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SAKAMOTO Y, MAEDA K, TAKEMOTO M, CHOO J, IKEZAWA M, FUJITA O, SAGO F, SOMIYA D, IKEDA A. A Case of Proximal Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) Aneurysm Treated with PICA-to-PICA Bypass and Trapping Surgery: Comparison with Occipital Artery-PICA Bypass. NMC Case Rep J 2022; 9:129-133. [PMID: 35756187 PMCID: PMC9217146 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms often require cerebral vascular reconstruction for surgical treatment because of their characteristic morphology. Despite its potential complications, the occipital artery-to-posterior inferior cerebellar artery (OA-PICA) bypass is a typical treatment because of its versatility. Although a few cases of intracranial-to-intracranial bypass have been reported, this type of vascular reconstruction is only regarded as an alternative to the OA-PICA bypass because of the uncertainty of bypass feasibility and potential risk of ischemic complications. In this article, we report a case of proximal PICA ruptured aneurysm that was treated with a PICA-to-PICA (PICA-PICA) bypass. A 79-year-old man presented with a chief complaint of sudden, severe headache and disturbances in consciousness. Radiological examination revealed a right proximal PICA fusiform aneurysm. The patient had many systemic disorders such as microscopic polyangiitis and steroid-induced diabetes mellitus that could have caused wound dehiscence and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. We performed the PICA-PICA bypass and trapping surgery rather than the OA-PICA bypass to avoid skin problems and CSF leakage. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on day 64 without any neurological disorders. In comparison with the OA-PICA bypass, the PICA-PICA bypass is less likely to cause CSF leakage and skin complications, although it carries the risk of specific ischemic complications and requires advanced surgical techniques. For some patients with systemic disorders, the PICA-PICA bypass could be an optimal treatment option for proximal fusiform PICA aneurysms rather than as an alternative to the OA-PICA bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke SAKAMOTO
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital
| | - Kenko MAEDA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital
| | - Masaya TAKEMOTO
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital
| | - Jungsu CHOO
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital
| | - Mizuka IKEZAWA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital
| | - Ohju FUJITA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital
| | - Fumihiro SAGO
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital
| | - Daiki SOMIYA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital
| | - Akira IKEDA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital
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16
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Deng Y, Zhang L, Zhang R, Duan J, Huang J, Qiu D. Clinical Features Differ Between Patients With Vertigo Attack Only and Weakness Attack Accompanying Vertigo Before Vertebrobasilar Stroke: A Retrospective Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:928902. [PMID: 35968280 PMCID: PMC9363826 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.928902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the different clinical features of patients with vertigo attacks alone and of those with weakness accompanying vertigo attacks before the vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke. Methods In this 4-year retrospective study, we manually screened the medical records of 209 patients, hospitalized with vertigo attack as the main complaint who were finally diagnosed with acute vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke. Patients were divided into two groups according to their symptoms: patients who only experienced vertigo attacks prior to the vertebrobasilar stroke (VO group) and patients who had both vertigo and weakness attacks (VW group) prior to the stroke. Clinical parameters, such as infarction site and volume, relative risk factors, ABCD2 score, and medical intervention, were compared between the two groups. Results The prevalence of hypertension was higher in the Vertigo attacks only (VO) group (42.2 vs. 29.0%, p < 0.05). The total cerebral infarction volume in the VO group was larger than the Vertigo and weakness attacks (VW) group (4.44 vs. 2.12 cm3, p < 0.05). Additionally, the cerebellum was more likely to be affected in the VO group. In contrast, patients in the VW group had higher carotid stenosis (14.2 vs. 27.2%, p < 0.05) and ABCD2 score (2.1 ± 1.2 vs. 3.6 ± 1.5, p = 0.02). The percentage of patients with medullary infarctions also increased in the VW group. Vertigo attack events occurred more frequently in the VW group (median 2.4 vs. 4.3, p < 0.04). We also found that the patients in the VW group were more likely to seek medical intervention after vertigo. Conclusions Clinical parameters, such as infarction location, relative risk factors, and ABCD2 score, differed between patients with vertigo symptoms with or without weakness attacks. These findings highlight the different clinical features of patients with vertigo attack only and those with weakness attacks accompanying vertigo prior to vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Deng
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rongsen Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingfeng Duan
- Department of Neurology, Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Jiabing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiabing Huang
| | - Dongxu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Dongxu Qiu
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17
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Potter HA, Ziegler KR, Weaver FA, Han SM, Magee GA. Transposition of Anomalous Left Vertebral to Carotid Artery During the Management of Thoracic Aortic Dissections and Aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2022; 76:1486-1492. [PMID: 35810951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preservation of antegrade flow to the left vertebral artery is often achieved by transposition or bypass to the left subclavian artery during zone 2 thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). An anomalous left vertebral artery (aLVA) originating directly from the aortic arch is a common arch variant with a reported incidence of 4-6%. In addition, 6-10% of vertebral arteries terminate in a posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), increasing the risk of stroke if not revascularized. Few series of aLVA to carotid transposition have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients who underwent aLVA to carotid transposition for the management of aortic disease. METHODS A retrospective review of all aLVA-carotid transpositions performed for the management of thoracic aortic dissection or aneurysm at a single center from 2018 to 2021 was performed. The primary outcomes were postoperative stroke and patency of the transposed aLVA. Secondary outcomes were spinal cord ischemia, postoperative cranial nerve injury (CNI), and Horner's syndrome. RESULTS Seventeen patients underwent aLVA to carotid transposition as an adjunct to management of aortic disease during the study period. Most were men (14) and the mean age was 54 (±16 years). The primary indication for aortic repair was dissection in 10, aneurysm in 6, and Kommerell diverticulum in 1. Nine patients underwent zone 2 TEVAR, seven received open total arch repair and there was one attempted total endovascular arch repair which was aborted due to unfavorable anatomy. Twelve transpositions were performed prior to or concomitant with planned aortic repair due to high-risk cerebrovascular anatomy (3 PICA termination, 6 dominant aLVA, 4 intracranial left vertebral artery stenosis), and two were performed postoperatively for treatment of type II endoleak. LVA diameter ranged from 2 - 6mm (mean 3.3 mm). Mean operative time for transposition was 178 (±38) minutes, inclusive of left subclavian artery revascularization and mean estimated blood loss was 169 (±188) mL. No patients experienced 30-day postoperative spinal cord ischemia, stroke, or mortality. There were two cases of postoperative hoarseness, presumably due to recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, both of which resolved within 4 months. There were no cases of Horner's syndrome. At follow-up (mean 306 days [6-714 days]), all transpositions were patent. CONCLUSIONS Vertebral-carotid transposition is a safe and effective adjunct in the management of aortic disease with anomalous origin of the LVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Potter
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Kenneth R Ziegler
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Fred A Weaver
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Sukgu M Han
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Gregory A Magee
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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18
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Liu X, Bao K, Luo W, Wan W, Peng T, Huang C. Flow diverters for the posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: A systematic review and a single-arm meta-analysis. Interv Neuroradiol 2021; 28:482-488. [PMID: 34519241 PMCID: PMC9326854 DOI: 10.1177/15910199211035902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms is controversial. Recently, flow diverters have emerged as an attractive treatment option. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the angiographic and clinical outcomes of flow diverter-treated posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms. METHODS We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases for studies published from inception to January 2021. We included studies that described flow diverters procedures for posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms with ≥2 patients. The outcomes were the complete occlusion rate and flow diverter-related complication rate. Meta-analysis was performed using a random or fixed effects model based on heterogeneity. RESULTS We included six studies involving 46 posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms. There were 14 ruptured aneurysms. All flow diverters were successfully released and the technical success rate was 100%. The complete occlusion rate was 81% (95% confidence interval = 65-93%; I2 = 0.00%; P < 0.01). The flow diverter-related complication rate was 18% (95% confidence interval = 5-36%; I2 = 0.00%; P < 0.01). One patient died of rebleeding. The mortality rate was <1% (95% confidence interval = -1-1%; I2 = 0.00%; P = 0.951). CONCLUSIONS Treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms with flow diverters is feasible and carries a high degree of technical success. However, this treatment is underutilized in patients with posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms due to a higher complication rate and lower occlusion rate compared with clipping and traditional endovascular treatment. Further well-designed prospective and randomized studies are required to fully understand the effects of flow diverters especially in posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms patients requiring endovascular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 556508The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, P.R. China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Neurosurgery, P.R. China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Kunyang Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, 556508The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, P.R. China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Neurosurgery, P.R. China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, 556508The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, P.R. China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Neurosurgery, P.R. China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, 556508The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, P.R. China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Neurosurgery, P.R. China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Tangming Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, 556508The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, P.R. China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Neurosurgery, P.R. China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Changren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 556508The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, P.R. China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Neurosurgery, P.R. China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, P.R. China
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19
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Radiological anatomy of the intracranial vertebral artery in a select South African cohort of patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12138. [PMID: 34108602 PMCID: PMC8190432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracranial segment of the vertebral artery (VA) is the unique part of the artery where the two VAs join to form a single vascular channel, viz. the basilar artery. In addition to this typical description, anatomical variations have been described; the presence of anatomical variation has been associated with some pathological processes, neurological complications, and the risk of vascular diseases in the posterior circulatory territory. We evaluated the typical anatomical features and variations of the VA4 component of the VA in a South African population to provide useful data on the prevalence of variation and morphometry of the distal VA. The study is an observational, retrospective chart review of 554 consecutive South African patients (Black, Indian, and Caucasian) who had been examined with multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) from January 2009 to September 2019. We observed various anatomical variations in the VA4 segment of the VA. We report the incidence of VA hypoplasia, hypoplastic terminal VA, and atresia. Fenestration and duplicate posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) origin were also observed. The left intracranial VA was significantly larger than the right. Our study shows that anatomical variation of the intracranial VA is common in the population studied, with a total prevalence of 36.5%. Understanding the patterns of anatomical variations of the VAs will contribute significantly to the interpretation of ischemic areas and diagnosis of various diseases in the posterior circulatory territory.
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20
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Kimihira L, Yoshimoto T, Ihara M. New diagnostic algorithm for detection of covert Bow Hunter's Syndrome. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2162-2165. [PMID: 33859523 PMCID: PMC8040409 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.56442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bow hunter's syndrome (BHS) should not be overlooked as a cause of cerebral infarction in the posterior circulation. However, covert BHS, which does not impair blood flow with simple rotation but only at certain angles, may make the diagnosis of BHS difficult. We propose a new algorithm to detect BHS or covert BHS. We recommend that BHS and covert BHS be detected by noninvasive duplex ultrasonography, which will allow for appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Kimihira
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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