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Chang KF, Liu CY, Huang YC, Hsiao CY, Tsai NM. Downregulation of VEGFR2 signaling by cedrol abrogates VEGF‑driven angiogenesis and proliferation of glioblastoma cells through AKT/P70S6K and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:342. [PMID: 37427338 PMCID: PMC10326829 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cedrol is a sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from Cedrus atlantica, which has been traditionally used in aromatherapy and has anticancer, antibacterial and antihyperalgesic effects. One characteristic of glioblastoma (GB) is the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which induces a high degree of angiogenesis. Although previous studies have reported that cedrol inhibits GB growth by inducing DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, its role in angiogenesis remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cedrol on VEGF-induced angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with 0-112 µM cedrol and 20 ng/ml VEGF for 0-24 h, and then anti-angiogenic activation of cedrol was determined by MTT assay, wound healing assay, Boyden chamber assay, tube formation assay, semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting. These results demonstrated that cedrol treatment inhibited VEGF-induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HUVECs. Furthermore, cedrol prevented VEGF and DBTRG-05MG GB cells from inducing capillary-like tube formation in HUVECs and decreased the number of branch points formed. Moreover, cedrol downregulated the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and the expression levels of its downstream mediators AKT, ERK, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and MMP-9 in HUVECs and DBTRG-05MG cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that cedrol exerts anti-angiogenic effects by blocking VEGFR2 signaling, and thus could be developed into health products or therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of cancer and angiogenesis-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Che-Yu Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Chih Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Yen Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Life-and-Death Studies, Nanhua University, Chiayi 62249, Taiwan, R.O.C
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2
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Chang KF, Lai HC, Lee SC, Huang XF, Huang YC, Chou TE, Hsiao CY, Tsai NM. The effects of patchouli alcohol and combination with cisplatin on proliferation, apoptosis and migration in B16F10 melanoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1423-1435. [PMID: 37038620 PMCID: PMC10183711 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly metastatic cancer with a low incidence rate, but a high mortality rate. Patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene, is considered the main active component in Pogostemon cablin Benth, which improves wound healing and has anti-tumorigenic activity. However, the pharmacological action of PA on anti-melanoma remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of PA in the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and migration of melanoma cells. These results indicated that PA selectively inhibited the proliferation of B16F10 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It induced cell cycle arrest at the G0 /G1 phase and typical morphological changes in apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and apoptotic bodies. In addition, PA reduced the migratory ability of B16F10 cells by upregulating E-cadherin and downregulating p-Smad2/3, vimentin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. PA was also found to strongly suppress tumour growth in vivo. Furthermore, PA combined with cisplatin synergistically inhibited colony formation and migration of B16F10 cells and attenuated the development of resistance to treatment. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that PA may play a pivotal role in inducing apoptosis and reducing the migration of melanoma cells, and may thus be a potential candidate for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Chih Lai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shan-Chih Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Xiao-Fan Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Chih Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tien-Erh Chou
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Yen Hsiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Life-and-Death Studies, Nanhua University, Chiayi, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Huang CY, Chien JH, Chang KF, Hsiao CY, Huang YC, Chen YT, Hsu MY, Hsieh MC, Tsai NM. Cedrus atlantica extract exerts antiproliferative effect on colorectal cancer through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1638-1648. [PMID: 35592288 PMCID: PMC9094448 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cedrus atlantica is a tree species found in Morocco with many clinical benefits in genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and skin systems. Previous studies have reported that extracts of Cedrus atlantica have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of Cedrus atlantica extract (CAt) using HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) and CT-26 CRC cell lines. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to measure cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to study the cell cycle and cell apoptosis, respectively. The expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-associated proteins was detected by western blotting or immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. CAt showed significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HT-29 and CT-26 cells, and combined with the clinical drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), exhibited synergistic effects. CAt induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase through the upregulation of p53/p21 and the downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)/cyclins. In addition, CAt-treated cells exhibited chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic bodies, which are typical characteristics of apoptosis activated via both the extrinsic (Fas ligand (FasL)/Fas/caspase-8) and intrinsic (Bax/caspase-9) pathways. Importantly, CAt suppressed tumor progression and prolonged the life span of mice within a well-tolerated dose. Therefore, our findings provide novel insights into the use of CAt for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Huang
- Devision of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chia-Yi Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Sport Management College of Recreation and Health Management Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ju-Huei Chien
- Department of Research Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation Taichung Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yen Hsiao
- Devision of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chia-Yi Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Chih Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yi Hsu
- Department of Nursing Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Nursing Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC.,Clinical Laboratory Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan, ROC.,Clinical Laboratory Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Life-and-Death Studies Nanhua University Chiayi Taiwan, ROC
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Chien JH, Chang KF, Lee SC, Lee CJ, Chen YT, Lai HC, Lu YC, Tsai NM. Cedrol restricts the growth of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1953-1964. [PMID: 36438926 PMCID: PMC9682504 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.77719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cedrol is a natural sesquiterpene alcohol found in Cedrus atlantica, which has been proven to have a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, and anti-cancer effects. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms and in vivo inhibitory effects of cedrol on colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the anti-CRC potential of cedrol using in vitro and in vivo models. Methods: The effects of cedrol on cell viability, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis of HT-29 and CT-26 cells were detected by MTT, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression for molecular signaling analyses. Results: Cedrol inhibited HT-29 and CT-26 cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 138.91 and 92.46 µM, respectively. Furthermore, cedrol induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase by regulating the expression of cell cycle regulators, such as CDK4 and cyclin D1, and triggered apoptosis through extrinsic (FasL/caspase-8) and intrinsic (Bax/caspase-9) pathways. In addition, cedrol in combination with the clinical drug 5-fluorouracil exhibited synergistic inhibitory effects on CRC cell growth. Importantly, cedrol treatment suppressed the progression of CRC and improved the survival rate of animals at a well-tolerated dose. Conclusion: These results suggest that cedrol has an anti-cancer potential via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and it could be considered as an effective agent for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Huei Chien
- Department of Research, Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kai-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shan-Chih Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Chih Lai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yin-Che Lu
- Division of Hematology‑Oncology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73658, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nu-Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Life-and-Death Studies, Nanhua University, Chiayi 62249, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Chen Q, Fang J, Shen H, Chen L, Shi M, Huang X, Miao Z, Gong Y. Roles, molecular mechanisms, and signaling pathways of TMEMs in neurological diseases. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13273-13297. [PMID: 35035675 PMCID: PMC8748174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein family members (TMEMs) span the entire lipid bilayer and act as channels that allow the transport of specific substances through biofilms. The functions of most TMEMs are unexplored. Numerous studies have shown that TMEMs are involved in the pathophysiological processes of various nervous system diseases, but the specific mechanisms of TMEMs in the pathogenesis of diseases remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the expression, physiological functions, and molecular mechanisms of TMEMs in brain tumors, psychiatric disorders, abnormal motor activity, cobblestone lissencephaly, neuropathic pain, traumatic brain injury, and other disorders of the nervous system. Additionally, we propose that TMEMs may be used as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in patients with various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junlin Fang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Banan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing 401320, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengying Shi
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianbao Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yating Gong
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
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