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Chen E, Liu N, Zhao Y, Tang M, Ou L, Wu X, Luo C. Panobinostat reverses HepaCAM gene expression and suppresses proliferation by increasing histone acetylation in prostate cancer. Gene 2022; 808:145977. [PMID: 34592353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) affiliated to the epigenetic regulation is common aberration in prostate cancer (PCa). We have confirmed that hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (hepaCAM), acting as a tumor suppressor gene, is rarely expressed in PCa previously, However, the mechanisms of which is still unknown. The level of histone acetylation reportedly may involve anti-oncogene transcription and expression. In this study, we investigated the effect of panobinostat, the broad-spectrum histone deacetylases inhibitor, on PCa LNCaP and DU145 cell growth, and observed re-expression of hepaCAM when treated with panobinostat. We demonstrated that intranuclear acetylation of lys9 of histone H3 (Ac-H3K9) were increased, while that of both mRNA and protein of HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC4 were decreased when the treating concentration of panobinostat increased. We confirmed the relationship between histone acetylation and the expression of hepaCAM and AR in prostate cancer tissues. We also confirmed that panobinostat could overcome the resistance for androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Further, we combined panobinostat with Ad-hepaCAM, which resulted in significantly increased antitumor activity and significant attenuation of the proliferation-associated genes CCND1 and PCNA compared to each single treatment. In conclusion, panobinostat may enhance the acetylation of lys9 of histone 3 and reverse the hepaCAM expression through its inhibitory effect on HDACs activity in PCa LNCaP and DU145 cells; Ad-hepaCAM combined with panobinostat may synergistically inhibit the growth of LNCaP and DU145 cells, via a potential mechanism associated with the down-regulation of the expression of CCND1 and PCNA. These findings suggest that this therapeutic strategy should be further developed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, People's Republic of China
| | - NanJing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - LiPing Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoHou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - ChunLi Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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DNA Methylation as a Therapeutic Target for Bladder Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081850. [PMID: 32784599 PMCID: PMC7463638 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most frequent cancer worldwide and is associated with high mortality when diagnosed in its most aggressive form, which is not reverted by the current treatment options. Thus, the development of new therapeutic strategies, either alternative or complementary to the current ones, is of major importance. The disruption of normal epigenetic mechanisms, namely, DNA methylation, is a known early event in cancer development. Consequently, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors constitute a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of BC. Although these inhibitors, mainly nucleoside analogues such as 5-azacytidine (5-aza) and decitabine (DAC), cause re-expression of tumor suppressor genes, inhibition of tumor cell growth, and increased apoptosis in BC experimental models and clinical trials, they also show important drawbacks that prevent their use as a valuable option for the treatment of BC. However, their combination with chemotherapy and/or immune-checkpoint inhibitors could aid in their implementation in the clinical practice. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the studies exploring the effects of DNA methylation inhibition using DNMTs inhibitors in BC, from in vitro and in vivo studies to clinical trials.
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Haworth AS, Brackenbury WJ. Emerging roles for multifunctional ion channel auxiliary subunits in cancer. Cell Calcium 2019; 80:125-140. [PMID: 31071485 PMCID: PMC6553682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several superfamilies of plasma membrane channels which regulate transmembrane ion flux have also been shown to regulate a multitude of cellular processes, including proliferation and migration. Ion channels are typically multimeric complexes consisting of conducting subunits and auxiliary, non-conducting subunits. Auxiliary subunits modulate the function of conducting subunits and have putative non-conducting roles, further expanding the repertoire of cellular processes governed by ion channel complexes to processes such as transcellular adhesion and gene transcription. Given this expansive influence of ion channels on cellular behaviour it is perhaps no surprise that aberrant ion channel expression is a common occurrence in cancer. This review will focus on the conducting and non-conducting roles of the auxiliary subunits of various Ca2+, K+, Na+ and Cl- channels and the burgeoning evidence linking such auxiliary subunits to cancer. Several subunits are upregulated (e.g. Cavβ, Cavγ) and downregulated (e.g. Kvβ) in cancer, while other subunits have been functionally implicated as oncogenes (e.g. Navβ1, Cavα2δ1) and tumour suppressor genes (e.g. CLCA2, KCNE2, BKγ1) based on in vivo studies. The strengthening link between ion channel auxiliary subunits and cancer has exposed these subunits as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However further mechanistic understanding is required into how these subunits contribute to tumour progression before their therapeutic potential can be fully realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Haworth
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - William J Brackenbury
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Du Z, Li L, Sun W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Yuan M, Quan Z, Liu N, Hao Y, Li T, Wang J, Luo C, Wu X. HepaCAM inhibits the malignant behavior of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells by downregulating Notch signaling and PF-3084014 (a γ-secretase inhibitor) partly reverses the resistance of refractory prostate cancer to docetaxel and enzalutamide in vitro. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:99-112. [PMID: 29658567 PMCID: PMC5958706 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) continues to be a major challenge in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). The expression of hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (HepaCAM), a novel tumor suppressor, is frequently downregulated or lost in PCa. Overactivated Notch signaling is involved in the development and progression of PCa, including CRPC. In this study, we found that the activities of Notch signaling were elevated, while HepaCAM expression was decreased in CRPC tissues compared with matched primary prostate cancer (PPC) tissues. In addition, HepaCAM negativity was found to be associated with a worse progression-free survival (PFS). Furthermore, the overexpression of HepaCAM induced by transfection with a HepaCAM overexpression vector (Ad-HepaCAM) exerted antitumor effects by decreasing the proliferation, and suppressing the invasion and migration of bicalutamide-resistant (Bica-R) cells and enzalutamide-resistant (Enza-R) cells. Importantly, we found that the antitumor effects of HepaCAM on the resistant cells were associated with the downregulation of Notch signaling. Moreover, we revealed that PF-3084014 (a γ-secretase inhibitor) re-sensitized Enza-R cells to enzalutamide, and sequential dual-resistant (E+D-R) cells to docetaxel. Additionally, the findings of this study demonstrated that the use of PF-3084014 alone exerted potent antitumor effect on the resistant cells in vitro. On the whole, this study indicates that HepaCAM potentially represents a therapeutic target and PF-3084014 may prove to a promising agent for use in the treatment of refractory PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Luo Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Mengjuan Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Nanjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yanni Hao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Quan Z, He Y, Luo C, Xia Y, Zhao Y, Liu N, Wu X. Interleukin 6 induces cell proliferation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by suppressing hepaCAM via the STAT3-dependent up-regulation of DNMT1 or DNMT3b. Cell Signal 2017; 32:48-58. [PMID: 28093267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a tumor promoting cytokine, has been largely implicated in the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (hepaCAM) is a novel tumor suppressor, which is lost or down-regulated in many cancer types including RCC. In the present study, we intensively investigated the connection between IL-6 and hepaCAM in RCC. Our analysis of RCC tissues, adjacent tissues and paired serum samples from RCC patients revealed that IL-6 was elevated in patient serum and RCC tissue, whereas hepaCAM was completely lost or significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, we observed an association between IL-6 increase and hepaCAM decrease in RCC tissue samples. In the section of cytological researches, we found in RCC cell lines that IL-6 was a direct upstream regulator of hepaCAM, and that hepaCAM down-regulation was involved in IL-6-driven cell proliferation. We also demonstrated that IL-6-mediated promoter hypermethylation largely accounted for the hepaCAM loss in RCC, and it was STAT3-dependent. Additionally, our data showed that DNMT1 up-regulation induced by IL-6/STAT3 signaling was indispensable for IL-6-mediated hepaCAM loss in RCC cell lines ACHN and 769-P, while DNMT3b up-regulation was crucial for hepaCAM loss in A498. Our findings provide a novel signal pathway regulating cell proliferation, potentially representing a therapeutic target for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanjing Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Wu M, Moh MC, Schwarz H. HepaCAM associates with connexin 43 and enhances its localization in cellular junctions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36218. [PMID: 27819278 PMCID: PMC5098153 DOI: 10.1038/srep36218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HepaCAM (GlialCAM) is frequently deleted in carcinomas, and reintroduction of hepaCAM into transformed cell lines reduces cellular growth and induces senescence. Mutations in HEPACAM give rise to the neurodegenerative disease megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) since mutated hepaCAM prevents shuttling of MLC1 protein to astrocytic junctions in the plasma membrane. Here we identify that hepaCAM associates with connexin 43, a main component of gap junctions, and enhances connexin 43 localization to the plasma membrane at cellular junctions. HepaCAM also increases the levels of connexin 43, not by enhancing its transcription but by stabilizing connexin 43 protein. In the absence of hepaCAM, connexin 43 undergoes a faster degradation via the lysosomal pathway while proteasomal degradation seems not to be involved. Mutations in hepaCAM that cause MLC, or neutralization of hepaCAM by antibodies disrupt its association with connexin 43 at cellular junctions. By discovering the requirement of hepaCAM for localizing connexin 43, a well-established tumor suppressor, to cellular junctions and stabilizing it there, this study suggests a mechanism by which deletion of hepaCAM may support tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Wu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456
| | - Mei Chung Moh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456
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Wang X, Chen E, Tang M, Yang X, Wang Y, Quan Z, Wu X, Luo C. The SMAD2/3 pathway is involved in hepaCAM-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of SMAD2/3 in bladder cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10731-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Shao H, Gu Y, Ding J, Lu P, Ruan T, Lu W. HEPACAM inhibited the growth and migration of cancer cells in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2621-7. [PMID: 26392113 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (HEPACAM), a member of immunoglobulin superfamily, is an adhesion molecule. Although dysregulation of several adhesion molecules has been implicated in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the expression profile and functions of HEPACAM in NSCLC remains unknown. In this study, it was found that the expression of HEPACAM was downregulated in NSCLC tissues. Forced expression of HEPACAM in NSCLC cells inhibited the growth and migration of the cancer cells, while knocking down the expression of HEPACAM promoted cell growth, migration, and metastasis. In the molecular mechanism study, HEPACAM was found to be a negative regulator of beta-catenin/TCF signaling. Taken together, this study revealed the suppressive roles of HEPACAM in NSCLC and restoring the function of HEPACAM in NSCLC might be a promising strategy for the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhang Shao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yinjie Gu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Yixing, 214200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junli Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peihua Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingyan Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenbin Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wujin People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, 2 North Yongning Rd, Changzhou, 213002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Role of DNA Methylation on the Expression of the Anthracycline Metabolizing Enzyme AKR7A2 in Human Heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 16:182-92. [PMID: 25962911 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The intracardiac synthesis of anthracycline alcohol metabolites by aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) contributes to the pathogenesis of anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity. AKR7A2 is the most abundant anthracycline reductase in hearts from donors with and without Down syndrome (DS), and its expression varies between individuals (≈tenfold). We investigated whether DNA methylation impacts AKR7A2 expression in hearts from donors with (n = 11) and without DS (n = 30). Linear models were used to test for associations between methylation status and cardiac AKR7A2 expression. In hearts from donors without DS, DNA methylation status at CpG site -865 correlated with AKR7A2 mRNA (Pearson's regression coefficient, r = -0.4051, P = 0.0264) and AKR7A2 protein expression (r = -0.5818, P = 0.0071). In heart tissue from donors with DS, DNA methylation status at CpG site -232 correlated with AKR7A2 protein expression (r = 0.8659, P = 0.0025). Multiple linear regression modeling revealed that methylation at several CpG sites is associated with the synthesis of cardiotoxic daunorubicinol. AKR7A2 methylation status in lymphoblastoid cell lines from donors with and without DS was examined to explore potential parallelisms between cardiac tissue and lymphoid cells. These results suggest that DNA methylation impacts AKR7A2 expression and the synthesis of cardiotoxic daunorubicinol.
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