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Xu HJ, Liu XZ, Yang L, Ning Y, Xu LL, Sun DM, Liao W, Yang Y, Li ZH. Runx2 overexpression promotes bone repair of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4769-4779. [PMID: 37029290 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) has been considered an inducer to improve bone repair ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four rabbits were used to establish Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and randomly devided into four groups: Adenovirus Runx2 (Ad-Runx2) group, Runx2-siRNA group, MSCs group and Model group. At 1 week after model establishment, the Ad-Runx2 group was treated with 5 × 107 MSCs transfected through Ad-Runx2, the Runx2-siRNA group was treated with 5 × 107 MSCs transfected through Runx2-siRNA, the MSCs group was injected with 5 × 107 untreated MSCs, and the Model group was treated with saline. The injection was administered at 1 week and 3 weeks after model establishment. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), Runx2 and Osterix from the femoral head was detected at 3 and 6 weeks after MSCs being injected, and Masson Trichrome Staining, Gross Morphology, X-ray and CT images observation were used to evaluate the repair effect of ONFH. The data revealed that the expression of BMP-2, Runx2 and Osterix in the Runx2-siRNA group was reduced at 3 weeks compared with the MSCs group, and then the expression further reduced at 6 weeks, but was still higher than the Model group besides Osterix; The expression of these three genes in the Ad-Runx2 group was higher than in the MSCs group. Masson Trichrome Staining, Gross Morphology and X-ray and CT images observation revealed that necrotic femoral head of the MSCs group was more regular and smooth than the Runx2-siRNA group, which has a collapsed and irregular femoral head. In the Ad-Runx2 group, necrotic femoral head was basically completely repaired and covered by rich cartilage and bone tissue. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of Runx2 can improve osteoblastic phenotype maintenance of MSCs and promote necrotic bone repair of ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiang-Zhong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yu Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, XiangYang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | | | - Da-Ming Sun
- Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wen Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhang-Hua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Exosomes Derived from Runx2-Overexpressing BMSCs Enhance Cartilage Tissue Regeneration and Prevent Osteoarthritis of the Knee in a Rabbit Model. Stem Cells Int 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6865041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Osteoarthritis is the leading disease of joints worldwide. Osteoarthritis may be treated by exosomes derived from Runx2-overexpressed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (R-BMSCs-Exos). R-BMSCs-Exos would promote the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic maintenance of articular chondrocytes. Methods. BMSCs were transfected with and without Runx2. Exosomes derived from BMSCs and R-BMSCs (BMSCs-Exos and R-BMSCs-Exos) were isolated and identified. Proliferation, migration, and phenotypic maintenance were determined in vitro and compared between groups. The mechanism for activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) was investigated using small interfering RNA (siRNA). The exosomes’ preventive role was determined in vivo using Masson trichrome and immunohistochemical staining. Results. R-BMSCs-Exos enhance the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic maintenance of articular chondrocytes based on the YAP being activated. R-BMSCs-Exos prevent knee osteoarthritis as studied in vivo through a rabbit model. Conclusions. Findings emphasize the efficacy of R-BMSCs-Exos in preventing osteoarthritis. Potential source of exosomes is sorted out for the advantages and shortcomings. The exosomes are then modified based on the molecular mechanisms to address their limitations. Such exosomes derived from modified cells have the role in future therapeutics.
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3
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Mao Q, Shao W, Lv S, Tong P, He B. Case report: Directional infusion of peripheral blood stem cells into the necrotic zone in femoral heads through the medial circumflex femoral artery: A tracing study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:945268. [PMID: 36059815 PMCID: PMC9433798 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.945268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore whether peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) infused through the medial circumflex femoral artery to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) could migrate into the necrotic area of femoral head. Methods We collected PBSCs from a patient who had bilateral ONFH by apheresis technique using COBE spectra apheresis system (COBE BCT Inc, Lakewood, CO, USA) after subcutaneous injections of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) at a dosage of 10 μg/kg for 4 days to mobilize PBSCs. After that, 100 MBq 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) was used to label PBSCs. 18F-FDG labeled PBSCs were infused into the left femoral head via the medial circumflex femoral artery to treat ONFH. Then the patient was underwent three-dimensional positron emission tomography (3D-PET) examination 60 min after cell infusion to monitor the biological distribution of 18F-FDG-labeled PBSCs, and to observe whether the transplanted PBSCs could migrate into the necrotic area of femoral head. Results The total number of monouclear cells in the peripheral blood stem cell suspension was 1.95 × 108 which contained 2.20 × 106 CD34+ cells. The activity of 18F-FDG in the labeled cells was 1.8Bq/103 monouclear cells. 3D-PET imaging showed that 18F-FDG radioactivity was detected in the necrotic area of femoral head, acetabulum and femoral bone marrow cavity after transplantation of 18F-FDG-labeled PBSCs via the medial circumflex femoral artery. It is worth noting that although PBSCs labeled with 18F-FDG were widely distributed around the hip, such as femoral bone marrow cavity, femoral head and acetabulum, PBSCs were generally located in the necrotic area of femoral head. Conclusions PBSCs could enter into the femoral head and migrate into the necrotic field of femoral head participating in the repair of osteonecrosis after infusion through the medial circumflex femoral artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Shao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuaijie Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bangjian He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bangjian He
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4
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Deng WS, Liu XY, Ma K, Liang B, Liu YF, Wang RJ, Chen XY, Zhang S. Recovery of motor function in rats with complete spinal cord injury following implantation of collagen/silk fibroin scaffold combined with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:1342-1348. [PMID: 34816932 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20200697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effect of the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds seeded with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells on functional recovery after acute complete spinal cord injury. METHODS The fibroin and collagen were mixed (mass ratio, 3:7), and the composite scaffolds were produced. Forty rats were randomly divided into the Sham group (without spinal cord injury), spinal cord injury group (spinal cord transection without any implantation), collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds group (spinal cord transection with implantation of the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds), and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group (spinal cord transection with the implantation of the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds co-cultured with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells). Motor evoked potential, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale, modified Bielschowsky's silver staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed. RESULTS The BBB scores in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group were significantly higher than those in the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The amplitude and latency were markedly improved in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group compared with the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Meanwhile, compared to the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups, more neurofilament positive nerve fiber ensheathed by myelin basic protein positive structure at the injury site were observed in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group (p<0.01, p<0.05). The results of Bielschowsky's silver staining indicated more nerve fibers was observed at the lesion site in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group compared with the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups (p<0.01, p< 0.05). CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the transplantation of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells on a collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds could promote nerve regeneration, and recovery of neurological function after acute spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Sheng Deng
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine - Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Liu
- Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force - Tianjin, China.,Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery - Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force - Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force - Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Fu Liu
- Cangzhou nanobody technology innovation center - Cangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Jie Wang
- Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force - Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Yi Chen
- Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force - Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force - Tianjin, China
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Bahrehbar K, Khanjarpoor Malakhond M, Gholami S. Tracking of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells in premature ovarian failure model mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 577:6-11. [PMID: 34487961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is defined by amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, elevated gonadotropin levels, and infertility. Chemotherapeutic agents are the most gonadotoxic agents that lead to POF. Although some previous studies have presented that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation could rescue the ovary function of POF animal models through the paracrine pathway, these mechanisms require further investigation. However, mechanisms of embryonic stem cell-derived MSCs (ES-MSCs) therapeutic effects on POF animal models have not been fully investigated yet. This study aimed to evaluate the migration and distribution of ES-MSCs in a model of chemotherapy-induced POF. Female mice received intraperitoneal injections of cyclophosphamide (Cy) to induce POF. Then, MSCs were labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in vitro and injected intravenously into POF mice, and the distribution of MSCs was dynamically monitored at 1 week after transplantation. We harvested the lungs, liver, spleen, ovaries, heart, and kidneys 1 week after transplantation. The sections of these tissues were observed under the fluorescent microscope. More than 70% MSCs were successfully labeled with GFP at 72 h after labeling. MSCs were uniformly distributed in multiple organs and tissues including lungs, liver, spleen, ovaries, heart, and kidneys of POF mice. In mice, at 1week after intravenous transplantation, GFP labeled ES-MSCs were observed in the lungs, liver, spleen, ovaries, heart, and kidneys of POF mice, and the number of GFP labeled ES-MSCs in lungs, ovaries, and heart were higher than that in the spleen, kidneys, and liver. Our results revealed intravenously implanted ES-MSCs could migrate into the various tissues in chemotherapy-induced damaged POF mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Bahrehbar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Sedigheh Gholami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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López-Fernández A, Barro V, Ortiz-Hernández M, Manzanares MC, Vivas D, Vives J, Vélez R, Ginebra MP, Aguirre M. Effect of Allogeneic Cell-Based Tissue-Engineered Treatments in a Sheep Osteonecrosis Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:993-1004. [PMID: 32122263 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is defined as a tissue disorder and successive subchondral bone collapse resulting from an ischemic process, which may progress to hip osteoarthritis. Cell therapy with multipotent bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) of autologous origin appears to be safe and has shown regenerative potential in previous preclinical and clinical studies. The use of allogeneic cells is far more challenging, but may be a promising alternative to use of autologous cells. Moreover, an optimized dosage of cells from an allogeneic source is needed to obtain off-the-shelf tissue engineering products (TEPs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a TEP composed of undifferentiated ex vivo expanded BM-MSC of allogeneic origin, combined with bone matrix particles in variable doses. A comparative analysis of TEP's bone regenerative properties against its autologous counterpart was performed in an early-stage ONFH preclinical model in mature sheep. Allogeneic BM-MSC groups demonstrated bone regeneration capacity in osteonecrotic lesions equivalent to autologous BM-MSC groups 6 weeks after treatment. Likewise, stimulation of bone regeneration by a low cell dose of 0.5 × 106 BM-MSC/cm3 was equivalent to that of a high cell dose, 5 × 106 BM-MSC/cm3. Neither local nor systemic immunological reactions nor tumorigenesis were reported, strengthening the safety profile of allogeneic BM-MSC therapy in this model. Our results suggest that low-dose allogeneic BM-MSC is sufficient to promote bone regeneration in femoral head osteonecrotic lesions, and should be considered in translation of new allogeneic cell-based TEPs to human clinics. Impact statement Cell therapy and tissue engineering hold promise as novel regenerative therapies for musculoskeletal diseases, and particularly in bone regeneration strategies. In this article, we report the evaluation of the efficacy of an allogeneic cell-based tissue engineering product (TEP) in an early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head preclinical model in skeletally mature sheep. Moreover, we demonstrate its bone regeneration capacity and safety in vivo and its equivalence to autologous counterparts. These findings have important implications for the translation of new allogeneic cell-based TEPs to human clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba López-Fernández
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Barro
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Ortiz-Hernández
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Vivas
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Vives
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Teràpia Cel·lular, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Vélez
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Màrius Aguirre
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Maruyama M, Lin T, Pan CC, Moeinzadeh S, Takagi M, Yang YP, Goodman SB. Cell-Based and Scaffold-Based Therapies for Joint Preservation in Early-Stage Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. JBJS Rev 2019; 7:e5. [DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.18.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Naber J, Lee N, Kapural L. Clinical efficacy assessment of cooled radiofrequency ablation of the hip in patients with avascular necrosis. Pain Manag 2019; 9:355-359. [PMID: 31215846 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2018-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This pilot case series examined feasibility of anterior radiofrequency approach under combined ultrasound and fluoroscopy guidance to control pain from avascular necrosis of the hip. Patients & methods: Data on 11 consecutive patients were collected on longevity of cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA), pain relief and opioid use. Results: The average age was 56 (28-66), BMI 29.5 (16.5-34), in four women and three men. Their average opioid use was 92 mg MS04 equivalents (median 35 mg). The pain score decreased to 3.3 after the CRFA. Five patients claimed more than 50% of pain relief. The average time interval of greater than 50% of pain relief from the CRFA was 70-250 days. Conclusion: CRFA may be an effective treatment of chronic pain from avascular necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Naber
- Residency Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 145 Kimel Park Drive, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
| | - Nicholas Lee
- Carlinas Pain Institute and Center for Clinical Research, Winston-Salem, NC, 145 Kimel Park Drive, Winston-Salem, NC 27, USA
| | - Leonardo Kapural
- Carlinas Pain Institute and Center for Clinical Research, Winston-Salem, NC, 145 Kimel Park Drive, Winston-Salem, NC 27, USA
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9
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Paudel S, Lee WH, Lee M, Zahoor T, Mitchell R, Yang SY, Zhao H, Schon L, Zhang Z. Intravenous administration of multipotent stromal cells and bone allograft modification to enhance allograft healing. Regen Med 2019; 14:199-211. [PMID: 30761943 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated a coordinated strategy of revitalizing bone allograft with circulating multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). Materials & methods: After chemotactic and releasing assessments, stromal cell-derived factor 1 and platelet-derived growth factor BB in copolymers were coated on the bone allograft (AlloS-P). Allograft coated with copolymers alone (Allo), as controls, or AlloS-P was implanted into the femur of athymic mice, which received intravenous injections of human MSCs or saline at weeks 1, 2 and 3. Results: At week 8, the total callus volume (both cartilaginous and bony callus) around the allograft was the largest in the AlloS-P + MSC group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Coating bone allograft with stromal cell-derived factor 1 and platelet-derived growth factor BB and intravenous injections of MSCs improved allograft incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Paudel
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Han Lee
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Moses Lee
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Talal Zahoor
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reed Mitchell
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shang-You Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Haiqing Zhao
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lew Schon
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Marrazzo P, Crupi AN, Alviano F, Teodori L, Bonsi L. Exploring the roles of MSCs in infections: focus on bacterial diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:437-450. [PMID: 30729280 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite human healthcare advances, some microorganisms continuously react evolving new survival strategies, choosing between a commensal fitness and a pathogenic attitude. Many opportunistic microbes are becoming an increasing cause of clinically evident infections while several renowned infectious diseases sustain a considerable number of deaths. Besides the primary and extensively investigated role of immune cells, other cell types are involved in the microbe-host interaction during infection. Interestingly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the current leading players in cell therapy approaches, have been suggested to contribute to tackling pathogens and modulating the host immune response. In this context, this review critically explores MSCs' role in E. coli, S. aureus, and polymicrobial infections. Summarizing from various studies, in vitro and in vivo results support the mechanistic involvement of MSCs and their derivatives in fighting infection and in contributing to microbial spreading. Our work outlines the double face of MSCs during infection, disease, and sepsis, highlighting potential pitfalls in MSC-based therapy due to the MSCs' susceptibility to pathogens' weapons. We also identify potential targets to improve infection treatments, and propose the potential applications of MSCs for vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Teodori
- Diagnostics and Metrology, FSN-TECFIS-DIM, Enea Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Multiscale Stem Cell Technologies for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8914569. [PMID: 30728843 PMCID: PMC6341242 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8914569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last couple of decades have seen brilliant progress in stem cell therapies, including native, genetically modified, and engineered stem cells, for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). In vitro studies evaluate the effect of endogenous or exogenous factor or gene regulation on osteogenic phenotype maintenance and/or differentiation towards osteogenic lineage. The preclinical and clinical outcomes accelerate the clinical translation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells have demonstrated better effects in the treatment of femoral head necrosis. Various materials have been used widely in the ONFH treatment in both preclinical and clinical trials. In a word, in vivo and multiscale efforts are expected to overcome obstacles in the approaches for treating ONFH and provide clinical relevance and commercial strategies in the future. Therefore, we will discuss the above aspects in this paper and present our opinions.
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12
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Li X, Zhang R, Tan X, Li B, Liu Y, Wang X. Synthesis and Evaluation of BMMSC-seeded BMP-6/nHAG/GMS Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1007-1017. [PMID: 31341414 PMCID: PMC6643122 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.31966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive scaffolding materials and efficient osteoinductive factors are key factors for bone tissue engineering. The present study aimed to mimic the natural bone repair process using an osteoinductive bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)/gelatin (Gel)/gelatin microsphere (GMS) scaffold pre-seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). BMP-6-loaded GMSs were prepared by cross-linking and BMP-6/nHAG/GMS scaffolds were fabricated by a combination of blending and freeze-drying techniques. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and CCK-8 assays were carried out to determine the biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds in vitro. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured to evaluate the osteoinductivity of the composite scaffolds. For in vivo examination, critical-sized calvarial bone defects in Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly implanted with BMMSC/nHAG/GMS and BMMSC/BMP-6/nHAG/GMS scaffolds, and compared with a control group with untreated empty defects. The BMP-6-loaded scaffolds showed cytocompatibility by favoring BMMSC attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. In radiological and histological analyses, the BMMSC-seeded scaffolds, especially the BMMSC-seeded BMP-6/nHAG/GMS scaffolds, significantly accelerated new bone formation. It is concluded that the BMP-6/nHAG/GMS scaffold possesses excellent biocompatibility and good osteogenic induction activity in vitro and in vivo, and could be an ideal bioactive substitute for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Li
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuexin Tan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xukai Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhun W, Donghai L, Zhouyuan Y, Haiyan Z, Pengde K. Efficiency of Cell Therapy to GC-Induced ONFH: BMSCs with Dkk-1 Interference Is Not Superior to Unmodified BMSCs. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1340252. [PMID: 29951100 PMCID: PMC5987233 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1340252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a hip disorder, and it threatens patients who require megadose of steroid therapies. Nowadays, no valid therapies can reverse the development of GC-induced ONFH once it occurs. Stem cell therapy to GC-induced ONFH would be a promising choice. Although the pathogenesis of GC-induced ONFH is not yet fully clear, Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) upregulated by excessive GC use, which hinders the canonical Wnt pathway, could be an explanation. Thus, the aim of the present work lies in investigating the efficiency of the allograft bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) with Dkk-1 interference in preventing the progression of the GC-induced ONFH. Lentivirus-meditated Dkk-1 RNAi was introduced into BMSCs which was exposed to dexamethasone (10-6 mol/L) in vitro. This interference blocked Dkk-1 overexpression by GC and afterwards prompted the transduction of Wnt/β-catenin in which the Runx2 and PPARγ were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Thus, the osteogenesis was promoted while adipogenesis was inhibited. In vivo, GC-induced ONFH rats were treated by allotransplantation of BMSCs with Dkk-1 interference, and the progression of the disease was prevented. However, the effects were not significantly superior to treatment with nongenetically modified or normal BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhun
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Donghai
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhouyuan
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Haiyan
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Pengde
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wainan Guoxue Road, Chengdu, China
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14
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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protect against n-hexane-induced neuropathy through beclin 1-independent inhibition of autophagy. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540747 PMCID: PMC5852116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to n-hexane, a widely used organic solvent in industry, induces central-peripheral neuropathy, which is mediated by its active metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione (HD). We recently reported that transplantation of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) significantly ameliorated HD-induced neuronal damage and motor deficits in rats. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we reported that inhibition of HD-induced autophagy contributed to BMSC-afforded protection. BMSC transplantation significantly reduced the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and the degradation of sequestosome-1 (p62) in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve of HD-intoxicated rats. Downregulation of autophagy by BMSC was also confirmed in VSC4.1 cells exposed to HD. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy by PIK III mitigated the neurotoxic effects of HD and, meanwhile, abolished BMSC-afforded neuroprotection. Furthermore, we found that BMSC failed to interfere with Beclin 1, but promoted activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Unc-like kinse 1 (ULK1) was further recognized as the downstream target of mTOR responsible for BMSC-mediated inhibition of autophagy. Altogether, BMSC transplantation potently ameliorated HD-induced autophagy through beclin 1-independent activation of mTOR pathway, providing a novel insight for the therapeutic effects of BMSC against n-hexane and other environmental toxicants-induced neurotoxicity.
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Sadat-Ali M, Azam MQ, Elshabouri EM, Tantawy AM, Acharya S. Stem Cell Therapy for Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head in Sickle Cell Disease: Report of 11 Cases and Review of Literature. Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:179-183. [PMID: 28844125 PMCID: PMC5741199 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Sickle cell disease (SCD) is quite common in eastern Saudi Arabia and Avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) occurs in 30% of the young patients leading to early joint arthroplasty. This study was conducted to assess the benefits of injection of osteoblasts in the avascular lesions of the head of femur. Patients and Methods A preset technique was used, 10 CC of bone marrow aspiration was performed under local anesthesia and aseptic technique. Osteoblasts were separated from the bone marrow cells. The avascular area was drilled and 10 million osteoblasts were transplanted at the lesion site. Patients were seen in the out patient clinic after two weeks for removal of the suture and addressed the questionnaire and examined for the range of movement. The follow up MRI was performed at 4 months. Results The average age was 20.2±3.9 years. The mean hemoglobin S was 81.6±4.8 percent. Quality of Life Score for Chronic Hip Disease was assessed and found at 8.6 (1 being the severe limitation and 10 being normal), whereas Harris hip score improved from 41.7±5.1 to 88.93±3.6 (p<0.001). MRI of pre and post osteoblast implantation showed robust new bone formation and disappearance of the avascular lesions. Conclusions The short term results were good and we believe the injection of osteoblast in the avascular lesion of head of femur is a less invasive procedure devoid of any untoward complications and merits such treatment in large patient group with longer follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Sadat-Ali
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Q Azam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King George Medical College and Hospital Lucknow, India
| | - Ezzat M Elshabouri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Tantawy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadananda Acharya
- Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Liu Z, Yuan X, Fernandes G, Dziak R, Ionita CN, Li C, Wang C, Yang S. The combination of nano-calcium sulfate/platelet rich plasma gel scaffold with BMP2 gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells promotes bone regeneration in rat critical-sized calvarial defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:122. [PMID: 28545565 PMCID: PMC5445399 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiated into an osteoblastic lineage in the presence of growth factors (GFs). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can be easily isolated from whole blood, contains a large amount of GFs, and, therefore, promotes bone growth and regeneration. The main goal of this work was to develop and investigate the effect of a new sandwich-like bone scaffold which combines a nano-calcium sulfate (nCS) disc along with PRP fibrin gel (nCS/PRP) with BMP2-modified MSCs on bone repair and regeneration in rat critical-sized calvarial defects. METHODS We evaluated the cytotoxicity, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization effect of PRP extract on BMP2-modified MSCs and constructed a sandwich-like nCS/PRP scaffold (mimicking the nano-calcium matrix of bone and carrying multi GFs in the PRP) containing BMP2-modified MSCs. The capacity of this multifunctional bone regeneration system in promoting bone repair was assessed in vivo in a rat critical-sized (8 mm) calvarial bone defect model. RESULTS We developed an optimized nCS/PRP sandwich-like scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that nCS/PRP are polyporous with an average pore diameter of 70-80 μm and the cells can survive in the nCS/PRP scaffold. PRP extract dramatically stimulated proliferation and differentiation of BMP2-modified MSCs in vitro. Our in vivo results showed that the combination of BMP2-modified MSCs and nCS/PRP scaffold dramatically increased new bone regeneration compared with the groups without PRP and/or BMP2. CONCLUSIONS nCS/PRP scaffolds containing BMP2-modified MSCs successfully promotes bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defects. This system could ultimately enable clinicians to better reconstruct the craniofacial bone and avoid donor site morbidity for critical-sized bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunpeng Liu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gabriela Fernandes
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rosemary Dziak
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ciprian N Ionita
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Neurosurgery, Toshiba Stroke And Vascular Research Center, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chunyi Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Changdong Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. .,Developmental Genomics Group, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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17
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Peng Z, Gao W, Yue B, Jiang J, Gu Y, Dai J, Chen L, Shi Q. Promotion of neurological recovery in rat spinal cord injury by mesenchymal stem cells loaded on nerve-guided collagen scaffold through increasing alternatively activated macrophage polarization. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1725-e1736. [PMID: 27863083 DOI: 10.1002/term.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by multidifferentiation and immunoregulatory potential and have been used in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI), but direct transplantation may limit effectiveness due to their quick diffusion. The role of macrophages in healing is being increasingly recognized because of their ability to polarize into pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. In the present study, nerve-guide collagen scaffold (CS) combined with rat MSCs was developed. After CS was confirmed to minimize MSC distribution in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, the repair capacity of combined implantation of CS and MSCs and the effect on classically activated macrophage/alternatively activated macrophage (M2) polarization was assessed in a hemisected SCI rat model. In vivo studies showed that, compared to the control group, the rats in the combined implantation group exhibited more significant recovery of nerve function evidenced by the 21-point Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score and footprint analysis. Morphological staining showed less macrophage infiltration, apoptosis and glial fibrillary acidic protein, and more neurofilaments, and the fibres were guided to grow through the implant. More M2 were observed in the combined implantation group. The data suggest that the combined implantation could support MSCs to play a protective role of SCI, not only through inhibiting chronic scar formation and providing linear guidance for the nerve, but also benefitting M2 polarization to form an anti-inflammatory environment. Thus, the combination of biomaterial and MSCs might be a prominent therapeutic treatment for SCI. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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Li Z, Wang J, Zhou T, Ye X. Establishment of a colorectal cancer nude mouse visualization model of HIF-1α overexpression. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2725-2732. [PMID: 27073543 PMCID: PMC4812287 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a model of tumor cell growth and visualize HIF-1α overexpression in a nude mouse xenograft model of colorectal cancer (CRC). In the study, HIF-1α lentiviral vector and helper plasmid were co-transfected into 293T packaging cells using a liposome method, and the virus was collected following transfection and used to infect CRC SW480, SW620, LoVo and HCT116 cells. Puromycin was used for the selection and large-scale amplification of the stable HIF-1α expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive cells. HIF-1α-expressing cells were injected intraperitoneally into a nude mouse xenograft model, and resulting tumor nodules was separated and confirmed using an inverted fluorescence microscope. The results demonstrated that HIF-1α was not expressed in CRC cells in normoxic conditions. When treated with CoCl2, the expression of HIF-1α could be induced in all the cancer cell lines, except SW480. HIF-1α was highly expressed following infection with lentiviral particles. Stable expression of HIF-1α promoted migration in the SW480 cells. Following intraperitoneal injection of nude mice with SW480-HIF-1α, a significant number of tumor nodules formed in the intestinal wall compared with the controls (P<0.05). The successful construction of the dual expression HIF-1α and GFP visualization xenograft model provides a good foundation for the screening of HIF-1α-related functions and for investigating the therapeutic potential of drugs that target HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Tianbao Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Centre, The Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Ye
- Division of Drugs and Pharamcology, Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
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The Fate and Distribution of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Intra-Arterial Infusion in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Dogs. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:8616143. [PMID: 26779265 PMCID: PMC4686726 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8616143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate if autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
could treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and what the fate and distribution of the
cells are in dogs. Twelve Beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups: MSCs group and
SHAM operated group. After three weeks, dogs in MSCs group and SHAM operated group were
intra-arterially injected with autologous MSCs and 0.9% normal saline, respectively. Eight
weeks after treatment, the necrotic volume of the femoral heads was significantly reduced in
MSCs group. Moreover, the trabecular bone volume was increased and the empty lacunae rate was
decreased in MSCs group. In addition, the BrdU-positive MSCs were unevenly distributed in femoral
heads and various vital organs. But no obvious abnormalities were observed. Furthermore, most of
BrdU-positive MSCs in necrotic region expressed osteocalcin in MSCs group and a few expressed
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Taken together, these data
indicated that intra-arterially infused MSCs could migrate into the necrotic field of femoral heads
and differentiate into osteoblasts, thus improving the necrosis of femoral heads. It suggests that
intra-arterial infusion of autologous MSCs might be a feasible and relatively safe method for the treatment of femoral head necrosis.
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20
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Wang Y, Tan L, Jin J, Sun H, Chen Z, Tan X, Su Y, Shi C. Non-cultured dermal-derived mesenchymal cells attenuate sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16973. [PMID: 26586517 PMCID: PMC4653757 DOI: 10.1038/srep16973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a threat to critically ill patients and carries a high morbidity and mortality. Cell-based therapies have risen in prominence in recent years. Dermal-derived mesenchymal cells (DMCs) are attractive as one of the abundant sources from which to isolate mesenchymal cells for therapeutic applications and can be easily accessed with minimal harm to the donor. In this study, we described for the first time the use of non-cultured DMCs for treating sepsis in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model and investigated their immunomodulatory effects. We found that non-cultured DMCs administration provides a beneficial effect to improve survival in CLP-induced sepsis. This effect is partly mediated by the ability of DMCs to home to sites of injury, to reduce the inflammatory response, to inhibit apoptosis, and to stimulate macrophage migration and phagocytosis. Our further findings suggest that DMCs treatment modulates the beneficial cytoprotective effects exhibited during sepsis, at least in part, by altering miRNA expression. These discoveries provide important evidence that non-cultured DMCs therapy has a specific anti-inflammatory effect on sepsis, and provide the basis for the development of a new therapeutic strategy for managing clinical sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Tan
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10# Daping Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Huiqin Sun
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yongping Su
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Road, Chongqing 400038, China
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Mont MA, Cherian JJ, Sierra RJ, Jones LC, Lieberman JR. Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Where Do We Stand Today? A Ten-Year Update. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015; 97:1604-27. [PMID: 26446969 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.o.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
➤ Although multiple theories have been proposed, no one pathophysiologic mechanism has been identified as the etiology for the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, the basic mechanism involves impaired circulation to a specific area that ultimately becomes necrotic.➤ A variety of nonoperative treatment regimens have been evaluated for the treatment of precollapse disease, with varying success. Prospective, multicenter, randomized trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of these regimens in altering the natural history of the disease.➤ Joint-preserving procedures are indicated in the treatment of precollapse disease, with several studies showing successful outcomes at mid-term and long-term follow-up.➤ Studies of total joint arthroplasty, once femoral head collapse is present, have described excellent outcomes at greater than ten years of follow-up, which is a major advance and has led to a paradigm shift in treating these patients.➤ The results of hemiresurfacing and total resurfacing arthroplasty have been suboptimal, and these procedures have restricted indications in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mont
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215. E-mail address for M.A. Mont:
| | - Jeffrey J Cherian
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21215. E-mail address for M.A. Mont:
| | - Rafael J Sierra
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Gonda 14 South, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Lynne C Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, JHOC 5245, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Keck Medical Center of University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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Alshameeri Z, McCaskie A. The role of orthobiologics in hip preservation surgery. J Hip Preserv Surg 2015; 2:339-54. [PMID: 27011858 PMCID: PMC4732367 DOI: 10.1093/jhps/hnv042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential regenerative role of different orthobiologics is becoming more recognized for the treatment of chronic and degenerative musculoskeletal conditions. Over the last few years there has been an increasing number of publications on cell therapy and other orthobiologics for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and other hip conditions with promising short–term clinical results. In this article, we have used a systematic search of the literature to identify potentially relevant topics on orthobiologics and then selected those most applicable to hip preservation surgery. We identified several innovative strategies and present a summary of the currently available evidence on their potential role in hip preservation surgery. For many of these treatment strategies there was a lack of clinical evidence and therefore we suggest that there is a need for comparative studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeiad Alshameeri
- 1. Health Education East of England, 2-4 victoria house, Cambridge, CB21 5XB
| | - Andrew McCaskie
- 2. Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and; 3. Arthritis Research UK Tissue Engineering Centre
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23
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Daltro GC, Fortuna V, de Souza ES, Salles MM, Carreira AC, Meyer R, Freire SM, Borojevic R. Efficacy of autologous stem cell-based therapy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head in sickle cell disease: a five-year follow-up study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:110. [PMID: 26021713 PMCID: PMC4465459 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cell therapy with bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMCs) is an option for improving joint function in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) numbers and their osteogenic differentiation are decreased in patients with ONFH. However, whether this decrease also extends to the early stages of ONFH in sickle cell disease (SCD) is still unclear. METHODS We conducted a phase I/II, non-controlled study to determine efficacy and safety of BMMC implantation using a minimally invasive technique in SCD patients with ONFH. Eighty-nine patients were recruited and followed up for 60 months after surgery. Clinical and radiographic findings were assessed, and data were completed by in vitro analysis. RESULTS At the final follow-up (60 months) there was a significant improvement in clinical joint symptoms and pain relief as measured by the Harris Hip Score (P = 0.0005). In addition, after the BMMC implantation procedure, radiographic assessment showed disease stabilization and only 3.7 % of the treated patients did not achieve a satisfactory clinical result. The amount of fibroblast colony-forming units was 28.2 ± 13.9 per 1 million BMMCs after concentration. Flow cytometry analysis showed a significantly higher number of hematopoietic stem/endothelial progenitor cell markers in concentrated BMMCs when compared with bone marrow aspirate, indicating an enrichment of these cell types. Isolated MSCs from SCD patients with pre-collapse ONFH maintained the replicative capacity without significant loss of their specific biomolecular characteristics, multi-differentiation potential, and osteogenic differentiation activities. Cytokines and growth factors (interleukin-8, transforming growth factor-beta, stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor) that mediate endogenous bone regeneration were also produced by expanded MSCs from SCD patients. CONCLUSION The autologous BMMC implantation with a minimally invasive technique resulted in significant pain relief and halted the progression of early stages of ONFH in SCD patients. MSCs from SCD patients display biological properties that may add to the efficiency of surgical treatment in ONFH. In summary, our results indicate that infusion of BMMCs enriched with stem/progenitor cells is a safe and effective treatment for the early stages of ONFH in SCD patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02448121; registered 15 May 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitor Fortuna
- Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Reitor Miguel Calmon Avenue, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Eliane Silva de Souza
- Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Reitor Miguel Calmon Avenue, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Miranda Salles
- Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Reitor Miguel Calmon Avenue, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Ana Claudia Carreira
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center NUCEL-NETCEM, School of Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, and Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Reitor Miguel Calmon Avenue, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Songeli Menezes Freire
- Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Reitor Miguel Calmon Avenue, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Radovan Borojevic
- Petrópolis School of Medicine/Arthur de Sá Earp Faculties, Petrópolis, RJ, 25680-120, Brazil. .,National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Xerém, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 25250-020, Brazil.
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Mao Q, Wang W, Xu T, Zhang S, Xiao L, Chen D, Jin H, Tong P. Combination treatment of biomechanical support and targeted intra-arterial infusion of peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for the osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:647-56. [PMID: 25349059 PMCID: PMC4376653 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the benefits of combination treatment with mechanical support and targeted intra-arterial infusion of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) mobilized by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) via the medial circumflex femoral artery on the progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Fifty-five patients (89 hips) with early and intermediate stage ONFH were recruited and randomly assigned to combination treatment or mechanical support treatment (control group). All hips received mechanical support treatment (porous tantalum rod implantation). Then, hips in the combination treatment group were performed targeted intra-arterial infusion of PBSCs. At each follow-up, Harris hip score (HHS) and Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) classification were used to evaluate the symptoms and progression of osteonecrosis. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) was assessed as an endpoint at each follow-up. At 36 months, 9 of the 41 hips (21.95%) in the control group progressed to clinical failure and underwent THA whereas only 3 of the 48 hips (6.25%) in the combination treatment group required THA (p = 0.031). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significant difference in the survival time between the two groups (log-rank test; p = 0.025). Compared to the control group, combination treatment significantly improved the HHS at 36 months (p = 0.003). At the final follow-up examination, radiological progression was noted in 13 of 41 hips (31.71%) for the control group, but in only 4 of 48 hips (8.33%) for the combination treatment group (p = 0.005). The overall collapse rates were 15.15% (5/33 hips) and 8.11% (3/37 hips) in the control and combination treatment groups, respectively. Targeted intra-arterial infusion of PBSCs is capable of enhancing the efficacy of biomechanical support in the treatment of ONFH. This clinical trial confirmed that the combination treatment might be a safe and feasible choice for the treatment of early or intermediate stages of ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Ma C, Yu Y, Liu M, Yi C. Are CXCL13/CXCR5/FAK critical regulators of MSCs migration and differentiation? Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:213-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abouzaripour M, Ragerdi Kashani I, Pasbakhsh P, Atlasy N. Intravenous transplantation of very small embryonic like stem cells in treatment of diabetes mellitus. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2015; 7:22-31. [PMID: 25926949 PMCID: PMC4388887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM), simply known as diabetes, refers to a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. In this study, the feasibility and safety of intravenous transplantation of Very Small Embryonic Like stem cells (VSELs) were investigated for diabetes repair, and finally the migration and distribution of these cells in hosts were observed. METHODS Mouse bone marrow VSELs were isolated by Fluorescent Activating Cell Sorting (FACS) method by using fluorescent antibodies against CD45, CXCR4 and Sca1 markers. Sorted cells were analyzed for expression of oct4 and SSEA1 markers with immunocytochemistry staining method. To determine multilineage differentiation, sorted cells were differentiated to Schwann, osteocyte and beta cells. Ten days after the establishment of a mouse model of pancreas necrosis, DiI-labeled VSELs were injected into these mice via tail vein. Pancreases were harvested 4 weeks after transplantation and the sections of these tissues were observed under fluorescent microscope. RESULTS It was proved that CD45-, CXCR4+, and Sca1+ sorted cells express oct4 and SSEA1. Our results revealed that intravenously implanted VSELs could migrate into the pancreas of hosts and survive in the diabetic pancreas. In treated groups, blood glucose decreased significantly for at least two month and the weights of mice increased gradually. CONCLUSION This study provides a strategy for using VSELs for curing diabetes and other regenerative diseases, and the strategy is considered an alternative for other stem cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Corresponding author: Iraj Ragerdi Kashani, Ph.D., Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98 9127019141, Fax: +98 21 66419072. E-mail:
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Hernigou P, Flouzat-Lachaniette CH, Delambre J, Poignard A, Allain J, Chevallier N, Rouard H. Osteonecrosis repair with bone marrow cell therapies: state of the clinical art. Bone 2015; 70:102-9. [PMID: 25016964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hip osteonecrosis is a pathological condition resulting from cellular impairment due to reduction in osteoblast activity and local mesenchymal stem cell populations. Cell-based therapies might aid in overcoming these deficiencies by providing stem cells and other progenitor cells to potentially improve the local cellular environment in the affected hip. METHODS A PubMed search, using the search terms "hip osteonecrosis" and "mesenchymal stem cells", was conducted in December 2013. A total of 15 publications were identified and reviewed for clinical outcomes. FINDINGS Clinical studies of patients with osteonecrosis treated with mesenchymal stem cells showed beneficial effects. No unexpected adverse events were identified in these studies. Core decompression was the usual method for autologous bone marrow cell implantation into the femoral head. However, other methods have been used such as arterial or venous delivery. A rationale for the use of cytotherapy, as well as the different descriptions of the techniques of implantation MSCs (autologous vs. allogenic, concentration vs. expansion), is provided in the context of treating hip osteonecrosis. Current problems and future challenges with cytotherapy and associated techniques are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Stem Cells and Bones".
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Hernigou
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University Paris East, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France.
| | | | - Jerome Delambre
- University Paris East, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Alexandre Poignard
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University Paris East, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Jerome Allain
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University Paris East, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Nathalie Chevallier
- EFS Cell Therapy Facility, University Paris East, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Helene Rouard
- EFS Cell Therapy Facility, University Paris East, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France
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Xia P, Pan S, Cheng J, Yang M, Qi Z, Hou T, Yang X. Factors affecting directional migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the injured spinal cord. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1688-95. [PMID: 25374590 PMCID: PMC4211189 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.141804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1B plays an important role in axon guidance and neuronal migration. In the present study, we sought to discover the mechanisms underlying microtubule-associated protein 1B mediation of axon guidance and neuronal migration. We exposed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to okadaic acid or N-acetyl-D-erythro-sphingosine (an inhibitor and stimulator, respectively, of protein phosphatase 2A) for 24 hours. The expression of the phosphorylated form of type I microtubule-associated protein 1B in the cells was greater after exposure to okadaic acid and lower after N-acetyl-D-erythro-sphingosine. We then injected the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the ear vein into rabbit models of spinal cord contusion. The migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards the injured spinal cord was poorer in cells exposed to okadaic acid- and N-acetyl-D-erythro-sphingosine than in non-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, we blocked phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways in rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using the inhibitors LY294002 and U0126, respectively. LY294002 resulted in an elevated expression of phosphorylated type I microtubule-associated protein 1B, whereas U0126 caused a reduction in expression. The present data indicate that PI3K and ERK1/2 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells modulate the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 1B via a cross-signaling network, and affect the migratory efficiency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Su Pan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jieping Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Maoguang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhiping Qi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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High level of reactive oxygen species impaired mesenchymal stem cell migration via overpolymerization of F-actin cytoskeleton in systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:382-90. [PMID: 25239279 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some lines of evidence have demonstrated abnormalities of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, characterized by defective phenotype of MSCs and slower growth with enhanced apoptosis and senescence. However, whether SLE MSCs demonstrate aberrant migration capacity or abnormalities in cytoskeleton are issues that remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that MSCs from SLE patients did show impairment in migration capacity as well as abnormalities in F-actin cytoskeleton, accompanied by a high level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). When normal MSCs were treated in vitro with H2O2, which increases intracellular ROS level as an oxidant, both reorganization of F-actin cytoskeleton and impairment of migration capability were observed. On the other hand, treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as an exogenous antioxidant, made F-actin more orderly and increased migration ratio in SLE MSCs. In addition, oral administration of NAC markedly reduced serum autoantibody levels and ameliorated lupus nephritis (LN) in MRL/lpr mice, partially reversing the abnormalities of MSCs. These results indicate that overpolymerization of F-actin cytoskeleton, which may be associated with high levels of ROS, causes impairment in the migration capacity of SLE MSCs and that oral administration of NAC may have potential therapeutic effects on MRL/lpr mice.
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He X, Liu Y, Yuan X, Lu L. Enhanced healing of rat calvarial defects with MSCs loaded on BMP-2 releasing chitosan/alginate/hydroxyapatite scaffolds. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104061. [PMID: 25084008 PMCID: PMC4118996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed a chitosan/alginate/hydroxyapatite scaffold as a carrier for recombinant BMP-2 (CAH/B2), and evaluated the release kinetics of BMP-2. We evaluated the effect of the CAH/B2 scaffold on the viability and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by scanning electron microscopy, MTS, ALP assay, alizarin-red staining and qRT-PCR. Moreover, MSCs were seeded on scaffolds and used in a 8 mm rat calvarial defect model. New bone formation was assessed by radiology, hematoxylin and eosin staining 12 weeks postoperatively. We found the release kinetics of BMP-2 from the CAH/B2 scaffold were delayed compared with those from collagen gel, which is widely used for BMP-2 delivery. The BMP-2 released from the scaffold increased MSC differentiation and did not show any cytotoxicity. MSCs exhibited greater ALP activity as well as stronger calcium mineral deposition, and the bone-related markers Col1α, osteopontin, and osteocalcin were upregulated. Analysis of in vivo bone formation showed that the CAH/B2 scaffold induced more bone formation than other groups. This study demonstrates that CAH/B2 scaffolds might be useful for delivering osteogenic BMP-2 protein and present a promising bone regeneration strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning He
- Department of Stomatology, the 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Oral Biology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, the 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Department of Oral Biology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Lau RL, Perruccio AV, Evans HMK, Mahomed SR, Mahomed NN, Gandhi R. Stem cell therapy for the treatment of early stage avascular necrosis of the femoral head: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:156. [PMID: 24886648 PMCID: PMC4038713 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head (FH) is believed to be caused by a multitude of etiologic factors and is associated with significant morbidity in younger populations. Eventually, the disease progresses and results in FH collapse. Thus, a focus on early disease management aimed at joint preservation by preventing or delaying progression is key. The use of stem cells (SC) for the treatment of AVN of the FH has been proposed. We undertook a systematic review of the medical literature examining the use of SC for the treatment of early stage (precollapse) AVN of the FH, in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. Methods Data collected included: Pre-clinical studies – model of AVN, variety and dosage of SC, histologic and imaging analyses. Clinical studies – study design, classification and etiology of AVN, SC dosage and treatment protocol, incidence of disease progression, patient reported outcomes, volume of necrotic lesion and hip survivorship. Results In pre-clinical studies, the use of SC uniformly demonstrated improvements in osteogenesis and angiogenesis, yet source of implanted SC was variable. In clinical studies, groups treated with SC showed significant improvements in patient reported outcomes; however hip survivorship was not affected. Discrepancies regarding dose of SC, AVN etiology and disease severity were present. Conclusions Routine use of this treatment method will first require further research into dose and quality optimization as well as confirmed improvements in hip survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rajiv Gandhi
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street EW 1-427, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.
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Li ZH, Liao W, Zhao Q, Huan T, Feng P, Wei X, Yi Y, Shao NS. Effect of Cbfa1 on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxia condition. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:540-548. [PMID: 24753746 PMCID: PMC3992391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of Cbfa1 on biological characteristics of marrow mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxia. METHODS The second passage of the MSCs were transfected with Cbfa1 and then cultured in 20% O2 and 3% O2 condition individually. The biological features of the cultured MSCs were assessed by the Real-time PCR. RESULTS After transfected with Cbfa1, the morphology of MSCs was no significant difference between two oxygen concentrations; The RT-PCR examination revealed that the expression of Cbfa1, BMP, OPN and VEGF in MSCs was higher than those before Cbfa1 transfection (P<0.05), especial the expression of Cbfa1 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION After transfected with Cbfa1, cell morphology or growth cycle of MSCs was not significantly affected, but its osteogenic differentiation potential enhanced, particularly its osteogenic differentiation potential under hypoxia enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Hua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
| | - Wen Liao
- Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430065, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing 100850, China
| | - Tang Huan
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
| | - Pan Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, China
| | - Xia Wei
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Wuhan Sports UniversityWuhan 430079, China
| | - Ning-Sheng Shao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijing 100850, China
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Mao Q, Jin H, Liao F, Xiao L, Chen D, Tong P. The efficacy of targeted intraarterial delivery of concentrated autologous bone marrow containing mononuclear cells in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a five year follow-up study. Bone 2013; 57:509-16. [PMID: 23994171 PMCID: PMC3927161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of targeted delivery of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs), which are highly enriched with mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), via medial circumflex femoral artery in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). METHODS 62 patients (78 hips) with ONFH were recruited in this study. All of these patients were treated with BMMCs perfusion via medial circumflex femoral artery. The concentrated BMMCs (30-60ml) were gained from autologous bone marrow (100-200ml) harvested from anterior iliac crest and then were intra-arterially perfused into the femoral head. Ficat stage was used to classify the radiological stage of ONFH. Harris hip score was used to evaluate the clinical symptoms of osteonecrosis. Ficat stage and Harris hip scores were assessed at onset of treatment at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60months after the initial treatment. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) was also assessed as an endpoint at each follow-up. RESULTS A follow-up on the patient was done at the end of five years, and 92.31% (72 of 78) of hips achieved a satisfactory clinical result while only 6 hips (7.69%) progressed to clinical failure and required THA. Radiological progression was noted in 34 of 78 hips (43.59%); the overall rate of collapse was 38.24% (26 of 68 hips) in stage-I and stage-II hip combinations and 12.5% (2 of 16) in stage-I hips and 46.15% (24 of 52) in stage-II hips. The mean time of conversion to THA was 3years (1 to 5years) and the average time to collapse were 3.5years (1-5years). The mean Harris hip score increased from 59 points at baseline to 75 points at 12months, 82 points at 24months, 81 points at 36months, 79 points at 48months and 74 points at 60months. Five years after the treatment, 3 of 10 hips (30%) in stage-III had deteriorated to clinical failure whereas only 3 of 68 hips (4.41%) in stage-I and II combination had progressed to clinical failure (p<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significant difference in the time to failure between the pre-collapse hips (Ficat stage-I and II) and the post-collapse hips (Ficat stage-III) at five years follow-up (Log-rank test; p<0.01). No complication was found in any patients. CONCLUSIONS Autologous BMMSC perfusion via the medial circumflex femoral artery can relieve symptoms, improve hip function and delay the progression of ONFH. The clinical outcome is better when it is applied prior to the collapse. This work demonstrates that autologous BMMSC perfusion via the medial circumflex femoral artery is a safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment strategy for early-stage ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Mao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006 Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fei Liao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Luwei Xiao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006 Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Peijian Tong
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006 Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053 Zhejiang Province, China
- Corresponding author at: The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, You Dian Road NO.54, Hangzhou 310006 Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. Fax: +86 571 86613684. (P. Tong)
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Kang SH, Chung YG, Oh IH, Kim YS, Min KO, Chung JY. Bone regeneration potential of allogeneic or autogeneic mesenchymal stem cells loaded onto cancellous bone granules in a rabbit radial defect model. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 355:81-8. [PMID: 24169864 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
For developing a clinically effective bone regeneration strategy, we compare the bone regeneration potential of cultured allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and of autologous BM-MSCs loaded onto allogeneic cancellous bone granule scaffolds. A critical-sized segmental bone defect was made at the mid-shaft of both radiuses in 19 New Zealand White rabbits (NWRs). In the experimental group, allogeneic BM-MSCs loaded onto small-sized allogeneic cancellous bone granules (300~700 um in diameter) were implanted in one side of a bone defect. In the control group, autologous BM-MSCs loaded onto allogeneic cancellous granules were grafted in the other side. Bone regeneration was assessed by radiographic evaluation at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks post-implantation and by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological evaluation at 8 and 16 weeks. The experimental groups showed lower bone quantity indices (BQIs) than the control groups at 12 and 16 weeks (p < 0.05), although no significant difference was observed at 4 and 8 weeks (p > 0.05). Micro-CT analysis revealed that both groups had similar mean total bone volume and other parameters including trabecular thickness, number and separation at either 8 or 16 weeks. Only bone surface area revealed less area in the experimental group at 16 weeks. Histological evaluation of 8-week and 16-week specimens showed similar biologic processes of new bone formation and maturation. There was no inflammatory reaction indicating an adverse immune response in both allogeneic and autologous MSC groups. In conclusion, allogeneic BM-MSCs loaded onto allogeneic cancellous bone granules had comparable bone regeneration potential to autologous BM-MSCs in a rabbit radial defect model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hwan Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Characterization and differentiation potential of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells for translational regenerative medicine. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:251-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li Z, Liao W, Zhao Q, Liu M, Xia W, Yang Y, Shao N. Angiogenesis and bone regeneration by allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell intravenous transplantation in rabbit model of avascular necrotic femoral head. J Surg Res 2012; 183:193-203. [PMID: 23290592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the feasibility of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplanted intravenously for angiogenesis and bone repair in a rabbit model of avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five rabbits were randomized into three groups: a blank control group (without treatment), a necrotic control group (ANFH induced but without therapy), and an MSC transplantation group (ANFH induced and treated with MSC transplantation). The biopsies, blood sampling, and imaging examinations were performed on each animal at different time points (2, 4, and 6 wk). To monitor angiogenesis and bone repair progress, examinations included real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, x-ray, computed tomography, Masson trichrome staining, picrosirius red staining, and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Necrosis and bone collapse were observed in bilateral femoral heads of necrotic rabbits of the necrotic control group, whereas the femoral head morphology was generally restored in the MSC transplantation group. The mRNA levels of Cbfa1, BMP, VEGF, and OPN in bone tissue were significantly higher in the MSC transplantation group than in the necrotic control group. In addition, the total protein amount of Cbfa1 in the MSC transplantation group was also significantly higher than that in the necrotic control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Intravenous transplantation of allogeneic MSCs can promote vascular and bone regeneration in the necrotic region of the femoral head in a rabbit model of ANFH. The results of our study suggest that the intravenous transplantation of MSCs could be a potential and minimally invasive treatment option for ANFH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghua Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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He X, Dziak R, Mao K, Genco R, Swihart M, Swithart M, Li C, Yang S. Integration of a novel injectable nano calcium sulfate/alginate scaffold and BMP2 gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells for bone regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:508-18. [PMID: 22994418 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of craniofacial bone defects is surgically challenging due to the complex anatomical structure of the craniofacial skeleton. Current strategies for bone tissue engineering using a preformed scaffold have not resulted in the expected clinical regeneration due to difficulty in seeding cells into the deep internal space of scaffold, and the inability to inject them in minimally invasive surgeries. In this study, we used the osteoconductive and mechanical properties of nano-scale calcium sulfate (nCS) and the biocompatibility of alginate to develop the injectable nCS/alginate (nCS/A) paste, and characterized the effect of this nCS/A paste loaded with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) gene-modified rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on bone and blood vessel growth. Our results showed that the nCS/A paste was injectable under small injection forces. The mechanical properties of the nCS/A paste were increased with an increased proportion of alginate. MSCs maintained their viability after the injection, and MSCs and BMP2 gene-modified MSCs in the injectable pastes remained viable, osteodifferentiated, and yielded high alkaline phosphatase activity. By testing the ability of this injectable paste and BMP2-gene-modified MSCs for the repair of critical-sized calvarial bone defects in a rat model, we found that BMP2-gene-modified MSCs in nCS/A (nCS/A+M/B2) showed robust osteogenic activity, which resulted in consistent bone bridging of the bone defects. The vessel density in nCS/A+M/B2 was significantly higher than that in the groups of blank control, nCS/A alone, and nCS/A mixed with MSCs (nCS/A+M). These results indicate that BMP2 promotes MSCs-mediated bone formation and vascularization in nCS/A paste. Overall, the results demonstrated that the combination of injectable nCS/A paste and BMP2-gene-modified MSCs is a new and effective strategy for the repair of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning He
- Department of Oral Biology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
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Therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells in bone and joint diseases. Clin Exp Med 2012; 14:13-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-012-0218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Riccobono D, Agay D, Scherthan H, Forcheron F, Vivier M, Ballester B, Meineke V, Drouet M. Application of adipocyte-derived stem cells in treatment of cutaneous radiation syndrome. HEALTH PHYSICS 2012; 103:120-126. [PMID: 22951469 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e318240595b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous radiation syndrome caused by local high dose irradiation is characterized by delayed outcome and incomplete healing. Recent therapeutic management of accidentally irradiated burn patients has suggested the benefit of local cellular therapy using mesenchymal stem cell grafting. According to the proposed strategy of early treatment, large amounts of stem cells would be necessary in the days following exposure and hospitalization, which would require allogeneic stem cells banking. In this context, the authors compared the benefit of local autologous and allogeneic adipocyte-derived stem cell injection in a large animal model. Minipigs were locally irradiated using a 60Co gamma source at a dose of 50 Gy and divided into three groups. Two groups were grafted with autologous (n = 5) or allogeneic (n = 5) adipocyte-derived stem cells four times after the radiation exposure, whereas the control group received the vehicle without cells (n = 8). A clinical score was elaborated to compare the efficiency of the three treatments. All controls exhibited local inflammatory injuries leading to a persistent painful necrosis, thus mimicking the clinical evolution in human victims. In the autologous adipocyte-derived stem cells group, skin healing without necrosis or uncontrollable pain was observed. In contrast, the clinical outcome was not significantly different in the adipocyte-derived stem cell allogeneic group when compared with controls. This study suggests that autologous adipocyte-derived stem cell grafting improves cutaneous radiation syndrome wound healing, whereas allogeneic adipocyte derived stem cells do not. Further studies will establish whether manipulation of allogeneic stem cells will improve their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Riccobono
- Département de Radiobiologie, IRBA-antenne La Tronche-CRSSA, 24 Avenue des Maquis du Grésivaudan, 38700 La Tronche, France.
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An emerging cell-based strategy in orthopaedics: endothelial progenitor cells. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012; 20:1366-77. [PMID: 22402606 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-012-1940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article was to analyze the results of studies in the literature, which evaluated the use of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as a cell-based tissue engineering strategy. METHODS EPCs have been successfully used in regenerative medicine to augment neovascularization in patients after myocardial infarction and limb ischemia. EPCs' important role as vasculogenic progenitors presents them as a potential source for cell-based therapies to promote bone healing. RESULTS EPCs have been shown to have prominent effects in promoting bone regeneration in several animal models. Evidence indicates that EPCs promote bone regeneration by stimulating both angiogenesis and osteogenesis through a differentiation process toward endothelial cell lineage and formation of osteoblasts. Moreover, EPCs increase vascularization and osteogenesis by increased secretion of growth factors and cytokines through paracrine mechanisms. CONCLUSION EPCs offer the potential to emerge as a new strategy among other cell-based therapies to promote bone regeneration. Further investigations and human trials are required to address current questions with regard to biology and mechanisms of action of EPCs in bone tissue engineering.
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Quertainmont R, Cantinieaux D, Botman O, Sid S, Schoenen J, Franzen R. Mesenchymal stem cell graft improves recovery after spinal cord injury in adult rats through neurotrophic and pro-angiogenic actions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39500. [PMID: 22745769 PMCID: PMC3380009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous strategies have been managed to improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) but an optimal strategy doesn't exist yet. Actually, it is the complexity of the injured spinal cord pathophysiology that begets the multifactorial approaches assessed to favour tissue protection, axonal regrowth and functional recovery. In this context, it appears that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could take an interesting part. The aim of this study is to graft MSCs after a spinal cord compression injury in adult rat to assess their effect on functional recovery and to highlight their mechanisms of action. We found that in intravenously grafted animals, MSCs induce, as early as 1 week after the graft, an improvement of their open field and grid navigation scores compared to control animals. At the histological analysis of their dissected spinal cord, no MSCs were found within the host despite their BrdU labelling performed before the graft, whatever the delay observed: 7, 14 or 21 days. However, a cytokine array performed on spinal cord extracts 3 days after MSC graft reveals a significant increase of NGF expression in the injured tissue. Also, a significant tissue sparing effect of MSC graft was observed. Finally, we also show that MSCs promote vascularisation, as the density of blood vessels within the lesioned area was higher in grafted rats. In conclusion, we bring here some new evidences that MSCs most likely act throughout their secretions and not via their own integration/differentiation within the host tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Quertainmont
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Dorothée Cantinieaux
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Olivier Botman
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Selim Sid
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean Schoenen
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Rachelle Franzen
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- O. O. Maslova
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, NAMS of Ukraine
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Kaushik AP, Das A, Cui Q. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: An update in year 2012. World J Orthop 2012; 3:49-57. [PMID: 22655222 PMCID: PMC3364317 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v3.i5.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis is a phenomenon involving disruption to the vascular supply to the femoral head, resulting in articular surface collapse and eventual osteoarthritis. Although alcoholism, steroid use, and hip trauma remain the most common causes, several other etiologies for osteonecrosis have been identified. Basic science research utilizing animal models and stem cell applications continue to further elucidate the pathophysiology of osteonecrosis and promise novel treatment options in the future. Clinical studies evaluating modern joint-sparing procedures have demonstrated significant improvements in outcomes, but hip arthroplasty is still the most common procedure performed in these affected younger adults. Further advances in joint-preserving procedures are required and will be widely studied in the coming decade.
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Co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells with umbilical vein endothelial cells under hypoxic condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 32:173-180. [PMID: 22528216 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-012-0031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
By co-culturing humm mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human umbilical rein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hypoxia and creating a microenvironment similar to that of transplanted hMSCs for the treatment of avascular ni ANFH, the effect of hMSCs on survival, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under the hypoxic condition were investigated in vitro. hMSCs and HUVECs were cultured and identified in vitro. Three kinds of conditioned media, CdM-CdM(NOR), CdM-CdM(HYP) and HUVEC-CdM(HYP) were prepared. HUVECs were cultured with these conditioned media under hypoxia. The survival rate, apoptosis rate, migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs were respectively detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell and tube formation assay. The content of SDF-1α, VEGF and IL-6 in CdM was determined by ELISA. Our results showed that hMSCs and HUVECs were cultured and identified successfully. Compared with MSC-CdM(NOR) and HUVEC-CdM(HYP) groups, the survival rate, migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs in MSC-CdM(HYP) group were significantly increased while the apoptosis rate was declined (P<0.05). Moreover, the expression of SDF-1α, VEGF and IL-6 in MSC-CdM(HYP) group was up-regulated. Under hypoxia, the apoptosis of HUVECs was inhibited while survival, migration and angiogenesis were improved by co-culture of hMSCs and HUVECs. The underlying mechanism may be that hMSCs could secrete a number of cytokines and improve niche, which might be helpful in the treatment of femoral head necrosis.
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Lipidol 2012; 23:156-63. [PMID: 22418573 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283521229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Norambuena GA, Khoury M, Jorgensen C. Mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarticular pediatric diseases: an update. Pediatr Res 2012; 71:452-8. [PMID: 22430381 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2011.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapy has gained an increasing popularity in recent years. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage, or fat tissue. In recent studies, these cells have also shown healing capability by improving angiogenesis and preventing fibrosis, which could have a role in tissue repair and tissue regeneration. Preclinical and clinical orthopedic studies conducted in the adult population support the use of MSCs for bone-healing problems, early stages of osteonecrosis, and local bone defects. Only a few published studies support the use of MSCs in pediatric osteoarticular disorders, probably due to the unknown long-term results of cellular therapy. The purpose of this review is to explain the mechanism by which MSCs could exhibit a therapeutic role in pediatric osteoarticular disorders.
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Barminko J, Kim JH, Otsuka S, Gray A, Schloss R, Grumet M, Yarmush ML. Encapsulated mesenchymal stromal cells for in vivo transplantation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:2747-58. [PMID: 21656712 PMCID: PMC3178737 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) have been incorporated into therapeutic protocols to treat secondary inflammatory responses post-spinal cord injury (SCI) in animal models. However, limitations with direct hMSC implantation approaches may prevent effective translation for therapeutic development of hMSC infusion into post-SCI treatment protocols. To circumvent these limitations, we investigated the efficacy of alginate microencapsulation in developing an implantable vehicle for hMSC delivery. Viability and secretory function were maintained within the encapsulated hMSC population, and hMSC secreted anti-inflammatory cytokines upon induction with the pro-inflammatory factors, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Furthermore, encapsulated hMSC modulated inflammatory macrophage function both in vitro and in vivo, even in the absence of direct hMSC-macrophage cell contact and promoted the alternative M2 macrophage phenotype. In vitro, this was evident by a reduction in macrophage iNOS expression with a concomitant increase in CD206, a marker for M2 macrophages. Finally, Sprague-Dawley rat spinal cords were injured at vertebra T10 via a weight drop model (NYU model) and encapsulated hMSC were administered via lumbar puncture 24 h post-injury. Encapsulated hMSC localized primarily in the cauda equina of the spinal cord. Histological assessment of spinal cord tissue 7 days post-SCI indicated that as few as 5 × 10(4) encapsulated hMSC yielded increased numbers of CD206-expressing macrophages, consistent with our in vitro studies. The combined findings support the inclusion of immobilized hMSC in post-CNS trauma tissue protective therapy, and suggest that conversion of macrophages to the M2 subset is responsible, at least in part, for tissue protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Seiji Otsuka
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Andrea Gray
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Rene Schloss
- Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Martin Grumet
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Wannemuehler TJ, Manukyan MC, Brewster BD, Rouch J, Poynter JA, Wang Y, Meldrum DR. Advances in mesenchymal stem cell research in sepsis. J Surg Res 2011; 173:113-26. [PMID: 22225756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis remains a source of morbidity and mortality in the postoperative patient despite appropriate resuscitative and antimicrobial approaches. Recent research has focused upon additional interventions such as exogenous cell-based therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit multiple beneficial properties through their capacity for homing, attenuating the inflammatory response, modulating immune cells, and promoting tissue healing. Recent animal trials have provided evidence that MSCs may be useful therapeutic adjuncts. MATERIALS AND METHODS A directed search of recent medical literature was performed utilizing PubMed to examine the pathophysiology of sepsis, mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell interaction with host cells, sepsis animal models, and recent trials utilizing stem cells in sepsis. RESULTS MSCs continue to show promise in the treatment of sepsis by their intrinsic ability to home to injured tissue, secrete paracrine signals to limit systemic and local inflammation, decrease apoptosis in threatened tissues, stimulate neoangiogenesis, activate resident stem cells, beneficially modulate immune cells, and exhibit direct antimicrobial activity. These effects are associated with reduced organ dysfunction and improved survival in animal models. CONCLUSION Research utilizing animal models of sepsis has provided a greater understanding of the beneficial properties of MSCs. Their capacity to home to sites of injury and use paracrine mechanisms to change the local environment to ultimately improve organ function and survival make MSCs attractive in the treatment of sepsis. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the complex interactions between MSCs and host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd J Wannemuehler
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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Vora A. Management of osteonecrosis in children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2011; 155:549-60. [PMID: 22077340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis is a disabling complication in children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. It can affect any or multiple joints but the hip and knee are most frequently involved and a cause of long-term disability. The problem is almost exclusively that of older children and young adults of whom over 70% have asymptomatic changes on screening magnetic resonance imaging and 15-20% have resulting symptoms. Dexamethasone is associated with a higher risk than prednisolone in US but not European or UK trials and alternate week scheduling of dexamethasone in the intensification course is associated with a lower risk than a continuous 3-week schedule in US trials. Genetic factors and obesity contribute to the risk, as do metabolic abnormalities caused by drugs, such as asparaginase, which increase tissue exposure to steroids. Management is primarily supportive but a minority of patients require surgical intervention including replacement of the affected joint. A variety of surgical techniques and, latterly, bisphophonates, have been tried to prevent progression but their efficacy remains uncertain. Whether patients should continue to receive steroids after diagnosis of osteonecrosis is uncertain but most trial investigators recommend stopping them after completion of the intensification phase of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vora
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, The Children's Hospital Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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